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Resetting the Evaluation Indicators for School Garden Education Service
홍인경(In-Kyoung Hong),윤형권(Hyung-Kwon Yun),정영빈(Young-Bin Jung),이상미(Sang-Mi Lee),이춘수(Choon-soo Lee) 인간식물환경학회 2021 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.24 No.3
Background and objective: The vitalization of urban agriculture has increased various forms of experience-based education using school gardens, which raised the importance of school gardens in terms of value as well as the need to develop an implementation system for education-based agricultural experience service using school gardens. Thus, we reset the evaluation indicators from the previous study to establish objective evaluation indicators that enable quantitative comparison of school garden education services. Methods: Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and direct question (DQ) surveys were conducted on 20 experts from October 12 to 19, 2020 after establishing the purpose and subjects of evaluation, and then the weights were calculated using the Expert Choice 2010 program. Results: First, we analyzed the problems of the previous indicators by categorizing the performance indicators and comparing and verifying them with six requirements of valuation. Then, we added ‘welfare values’ and established sub-indicators accordingly. The importance of value indicator in AHP was in the order of education values (0.544), health values (0.182), welfare values (0.164), environmental values (0.062), and economic values (0.049). The importance of environmental and economic values was relatively low, less than 0.1. The importance of sub-indicators was highest in cultivating character (0.144), followed by enhancing ecological sensitivity (0.141) > promoting mental health (0.134) > cultivating agricultural literacy (0.120) > improving social skills (0.104). And mitigating climate change in environmental values was lowest (0.009). Increase in income was the lowest (0.036). This can be regarded as the expression of change to increase the educational effect based on collective life and the connotative meaning of school . In the case of DQ, the AHP weight and order were the same, but the environmental and economic values were relatively low, and the result was different from AHP weight. For sub-indicators, the importance in DQ was highest in promoting mental health (0.136), followed by promoting physical health (0.085), ]cultivating character (0.082), social integration (0.072), and enhancing ecological sensitivity (0.071). After reviewing related experts, we came up with 5 evaluation indicators and 16 sub-indicators for school garden education service, which are objective evaluation indicators that enable quantitative comparison. Conclusion: In the future, we will validate the socioeconomic values of school garden education services and contribute to revitalizing school gardens by establishing policy alternatives for effective operation and management of school gardens.
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조형기호의 의미 생성구조 -그레마스의 서술 기호학을 적용한 본인 작품 중심으로-
홍인경 ( In Kyoung Hong ),이진희 ( Jin Hee Lee ) 한국화예디자인학회 2012 한국화예디자인학 연구 Vol.27 No.-
A.J.Greimas`s ``narrative semiotics`` elaborated a logical model of the conditions of the process where meaning is manifested through the difference of the ``relations`` among and ``operations`` of the elements of meaning. In order to visualize this initial point of meaning generation, that is, ``deep level``, Greimas devised the ``square semiotic model``. Among many semes of the modeling, what produce the greatest semantic difference are ``shape`` and ``color``. In brief, Modeling created a basic structure of signification and a value system through the relations of these semis in a deep level. The signification in a surface level designates the process where form and color are converted, by these mucleus and contextual semes, to sememes of the modeling, that is, meanings that can manifest themselves to actuality is a signification in a surface level. The syntactic action begins when semens of the modeling are revealed by an agent`s personalities and involves an ability to handle the desired object and object`s ``receptiveness`` to fully accept the agent`s competence. The syntactic action of discoursive structures, the last phase of generative trajectory of signification, isolates a realized work of the modeling fro the artist and makes it concrete in ``activity``, ``space``, and ``time``. By organizing the narrative content, now the work, or its realized structure comes to exist completely in reality, and thereby, be established as a text in history. In this regard, it can be concluded that Greimas`s generative trajectory of signification is sufficiently valid as an appropriate method to analyze various works of contemporary art including the modeling.
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홍인경(In Kyoung Hong),윤형권(Hyung-Kwon Yun),정영빈(Young Bin Jung),이상미(Sang-Mi Lee) 인간식물환경학회 2020 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.23 No.2
The purpose of this study was to understand the current status of education and programs and to identify the items that urban residents need most for garden management. First of all, there were 45 sites (40.5%) with gardens operated by city and county local governments nationwide, and 41(91.1%) of them had dedicated staff (1.8 persons on average). The average area of gardens was 18,623 ㎡, garden area per person was 20.27㎡, the average number of participants was 683, and the average period of use was 8.69 months. In addition to gardening activities, 14 (31.1%) out of 45 sites were operating small group meetings, with an average of 2.29 meetings and 67 participants. In the satisfaction survey after gardening activities, 88.9% of 18 sites were satisfied. According to the questionnaire about education and programs related to garden users, an average of four sessions were conducted per education. In terms of education, the contents were in the following order: basic education on garden cultivation (33.9%) > prior education on garden operation (28.9%) > pest control (14.0%) > eco-friendly management (11.6%) > pesticides and Positive List System (9.9%) > others (1.7%). Over 95% of the respondents were generally satisfied. Regarding the perception survey on which items are needed to develop garden management guidelines, the most necessary items were in the order of crop management (38.7%) > public garden etiquettes among users (27.9%) > pest control (14.4%) > weed management (13.5%) > activities using harvest (5.4%). The contents that are to be included in the guidelines were in the order of garden planning and crop selection (17.2%) > cultivation techniques and schedule (16.5%) > pest and soil management (15.7%) > introduction of garden crops and gardening models (12.7%) > garden etiquettes (10.7%). In establishing urban garden management plans by region, the results will have high utility value as the basic data for continuous garden operation by setting a direction that meets the regional characteristics as well as the needs of urban residents.
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Derivation of Necessary Items for Implementation of Gardens in Urban Agricultural Parks
홍인경(In-Kyoung Hong),정영빈(Young-Bin Jung),윤형권(Hyung Kwon Yun),이상미(Sang-Mi Lee) 인간식물환경학회 2021 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.24 No.4
Background and objective: This study was conducted to obtain empirical data for deriving necessary items for the creation and management of gardens in urban agricultural parks while maintaining the publicness of the place by examining the difference in perception among park visitors about the gardens in the public parks. Methods: A survey was conducted on users of urban agricultural parks in 6 locations and 113 copies of the questionnaire were collected. After understanding the demographic characteristics and the current use of the garden, we identified the importance of the necessary items for the public gardens. Results: 108 subjects(95.6%) responded that gardens are needed in urban parks, for psychological and emotional health (26.2%) and for interaction and friendship with family and neighbors(23.2%). For use of garden crops, most were private sales(96 subjects, 64.4%), and both sales preferred to partially donate their crops. Most used communal gardens operated by public institutions(30.1%). It was found that 96.4% of the respondents were satisfied with gardening activities, and 107(94.7%) of them showed their intention to participate in the gardening in the future. The Kaiser Meyer Olkin value was .848 and the significance level was .001, proving the validity of factor analysis. The factors were named composition elements(Factor 1), management items(Factor 2), convenience elements(Factor 3), and operational facilities(Factor 4). In the survey on the creation and management of gardens in urban agricultural parks, there were no statistically significant differences, but all items had correlations. Conclusion: The results have reflected the needs of actual users in establishing the plans to operate urban gardens, thereby having great utility value as the basic data for continuous garden management. Further research can be conducted to derive detailed elements that can guarantee sustainability of urban gardens and suggest high-quality data for management of gardens in urban agricultural parks.
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홍인경(In Kyoung Hong),윤형권(Hyung-Kwon Yun),정영빈(Young Bin Jung),이상미(Sang-Mi Lee) 인간식물환경학회 2020 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.23 No.2
Urban problems raised by the concentration of population in urban areas have caused residents to migrate to other regions while causing other problems such as deteriorated infrastructure, traffic and environmental pollution problems in existing urban areas. As an alternative to improve this phenomenon, urban regeneration has emerged, and under the assumption that creating community vegetable gardens is effective in revitalizing cities considering their physical, social and cultural environment, frequency and descriptive analyses were conducted on the vegetable gardens in Jungnosong-dong, Wansan-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Korea to examine differences in the components of the surrounding environment and the settlement, and community spirit of the two groups comprised of 30 and 35 persons who did not and did participate in gardening respectively. Regression analysis were conducted to determine whether there were changes in community spirit after participating in gardening. As a component of the surrounding environment, gardening and fence management were found to be important for both the groups, and they seemed to have high satisfaction with their residence because they wanted to continue to live in their neighborhood. Overall, the satisfaction evaluation results showed that those who participated in gardening showed a higher satisfaction level than those who did not. Based on the changes in community spirit after participating in the activity, it was found that there was a high level of perception in all the components, indicating that the gardening had a positive effect on the cultivation of community spirit. As such, the spaces called vegetable gardens are not only for doing physical activities but also as shared conversation topics, and through the activities in the gardens, changes in the awareness of local residents can be brought about through the formation of social networks and natural communication between neighbors. It can be concluded that they encourage residents to actively participate in improving the urban environment through activities such as planting.
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공동주택 단지 내 텃밭관련 요인이 거주자 인식에 미치는 영향
이상미(Lee, Sang-Mi),윤형권(Yun, Hyung-Kwon),정영빈(Jung, Young-Bin),홍인경(Hong, In-Kyoung) 한국주거환경학회 2020 주거환경(한국주거환경학회논문집) Vol.18 No.4
This study was conducted to investigate and analyze the effect of the factors related to the community garden centered on the presence or absence of an apartment community garden in the residential complex. As a result, it was found that 95.8% of respondents needed a community garden in residental complex, and 93.3% were willing to participate in community garden activities. In addition, among the groups who are willing to participate in garden activities, the overall level of awareness and confidence in the residential complex, intervention in problems in the residential complex, interest in local issues, participation in local volunteers, satisfaction with safety and natural environments, and willingness to continue living were high. Satisfaction with the natural environment was high in the group with garden activity experience, the group recognizing the need for a community garden, and the group with a community garden in the residential complex. The community garden is an eco-friendly green space and a common space that allows social relations related to the traffic of participants in community garden activities. Through the community garden activation, it is possible to improve the safety environment, natural environment, aesthetic space, and social relations of the residential complex, which ultimately leads to improvement of housing satisfaction, and is expected to contribute to the improvement of residents" settlement by increasing their attachment to the area.
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