Estimation of Rice Yield Losses and Economic Threshold Level by Densities of E. crus-galli and M. vaginalis

Chae-Min Han(한채민),Sang Kuk Kim(김상국),Jong Hee Shin(신종희),Jung Bae Kown(권중배),Tae-Young Kown(권태영) 한국잡초학회 2019 한국잡초학회 별책(학술대회 초록집) Vol.39 No.1

고전문학과 공간 : 『헤이케모노가타리(平家物語)』에 나타난 이쓰쿠시마(厳島) 신사에 관한 일고찰

한채민(Han, Chae-min) 고려대학교 글로벌일본연구원 2021 일본연구 Vol.35 No.-

In The Tale of Heike, one of the most representative Japanese prose texts of the Middle Ages, we find the description of Heike and Itsukushima Shrine. However, few studies have attempted to analyze the relationship between Heike and Itsukushima, as they have focused instead on how their combination led to greater conflict and problems with the Imperial Court and other religious forces, which in turn led to greater unification of the anti-Heike forces. The faith of Kiyomori, Heike’s leader in Itsukushima, is considered in The Tale of Heike together with the intention to create a new space, because the union between Heike and Itsukushima Shrine was important in the process of eventually destroying Heike. The advent of Kiyomori was prophesied by the God of Itsukushima during the large-scale reconstruction of Itsukushima Shrine, and he duly established a relationship with the Shrine. Kiyomori’s subsequent wish to become the Emperor’s maternal grandfather through his connection with Itsukushima Shrine is described in The Tale of Heike as having an ominous result because of the misguided ambition of Kiyomori to take control of Japan. In particular, Takakura’s decision to visit Itsukushima Shrine, symbolizing the simultaneous rise of Heike in the vertical space of hierarchy and influence, results in the gathering of opposition forces. This incident leads to the transfer of the capital to Fukuharat, which is Heike’s most evil deed. The negative descriptions of the birth of Emperor Antonku and of Takakura’s visit to Itsukushima come about because at a time when royal authority was undermined by the Jōkyū War, it was incumbent on the emperor to transmit a message of caution to those who threatened the existing system, and the use of logic was necessary for them to consolidate their position. 중세를 대표하는 산문 중 하나인『헤이케모노가타리』에서 헤이케와 이쓰쿠시마 신사가 흥망성쇠를 같이한다는 묘사는 작품에서 쉽게 찾을 수 있다. 그러나 헤이케와 이쓰쿠시마 신사가 긴밀히 결합할수록, 조정 및 다른 종교세력과 커다란 갈등과 문제를 야기하고 반헤이케 세력을 결집시키는 측면이 있었다는 점에 초점을 맞춰서 분석을 시도한 연구는 드물다. 헤이케의 동량인 기요모리의 이쓰쿠시마 신에 대한 열렬한 신앙은 헤이케와 이쓰쿠시마 신사가 하나의 유기체처럼 연결되어, 결국 헤이케를 멸망시키는 원인이 되는 중요한 사항이기도 하기 때문에 작품의 창작자가 왜 이쓰쿠시마 신사와 헤이케의 유대를 부정적으로 그렸는지, 이쓰쿠시마 신사라는 공간이 갖는 의미와 작품의 창작 의도를 함께 고찰하였다. 기요모리는 이쓰쿠시마 신사를 대규모로 조영하는 과정에서 이쓰쿠시마 신의 탁선을 받고, 이쓰쿠시마 신사와 처음 인연을 맺는다. 이후 기요모리가 이쓰쿠시마 신사를 통해 황자를 얻어 천황의 외조부가 되는 소원이 이루어지는 부분은, 조정의 입장에서는 천황의 외조부가 되어 일본의 통치권을 장악하려는 기요모리의 잘못된 야심에 의한 결과이기 때문에 작중에서는 불길한 결과를 낳은 것으로 묘사한다. 특히 다카쿠라가 상황으로 즉위하여 이쓰쿠시마 신사로 첫 참배를 결정한 것은, 사실상 헤이케의 근거지를 상징하는 공간에 황실의 인물이 들어감으로써 헤이케의 공간이 위계질서라는 종적 공간에서의 상승과 영향력이라는 횡적 공간에서의 확장이 동시에 발생했음을 상징적으로 보여주는 사건이기 때문에 반헤이케 세력을 결집시키게 된다. 결과적으로 이 사건은 헤이케의 최대 악행이라는 후쿠하라 천도 사건으로 이어진다. 이와 같은 안토쿠 천황의 탄생과 다카쿠라 상황의 이쓰쿠시마 참배, 두 사건의 결과를 부정적으로 묘사한 배경에는, 조큐의 난으로 황실의 권위가 실추된 시기에 천황가의 존립을 공고히 하기 위한 논리와 기존 체계를 위협하는 세력에 대한 경고의 메시지를 담아야 했기 때문으로 판단된다.

분얼기 수분 스트레스가 벼 생육 특성 및 엽록소 형광 반응에 미치는 영향

한채민(Chae-Min Han),신종희(Jong-Hee Shin),권중배(Jung-Bae Kwon),원종건(Jong-Gun Won),김상국(Sang-Kuk Kim) 韓國作物學會 2022 한국작물학회지 Vol.67 No.2

일품등 9품종을 대상으로 경북 남부 평야지역 봄 가뭄 대응 벼 품종별 재배안정성을 평가하기 위해 분얼초기 인위적으로 수분 부족 스트레스를 유도한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 일품등 9품종 대상으로 수분 부족 스트레스에 따른 결과는 평균적으로 관행대비 출수기는 약10일 빠르고 쌀수량은 약 18.6% 감소, 담백질 함량은 20.2% 증가, 식미치는 8.3% 감소하였다. 2. 본 연구에서 수량에 가장 영향을 미치는 인자는 2차 지경 분화기에 가장 영향을 받는 영화수와 천립중으로 나타났다. 3. 잎마름이 50%에 도달할때까지 소요일수가 가장 긴 품종은 새누리, 가장 짧은 품종은 대보였다. 4. 재관개 후에도 대보와 삼광은 수량감소가 가장 컸을뿐아니라 FV/FM 관행 초기값으로 회복하지 못하여 가뭄의광생리학적 지표의 가능성을 확인하였다. 따라서 경북 남부 평야지역에서는 봄 가뭄 대응 내건성벼 품종은 새누리와 하이아미가 가장 적합하고 내건성이약한 품종들은 재관개 후에도 광합성 효율이 낮아 수량감소로 이어져 이러한 결과에 따라 관행대비 쌀 수량감소율과 단백질 함량이 낮고 식미치가 높은 품종으로 새누리, 하이아미가 내건성 적합품종으로 선발되었다. This study aimed to evaluate the growth, yield, and grain quality characteristics of rice varieties that were subjected to water stress during the tillering stage. We also sought to identify whether water stress could be indicated via the plants’ response to chlorophyll fluorescence. In this study, we induced water stress by intentionally cutting off water for 30 days, starting 15 days after transplanting the rice varieties to a greenhouse. We analyzed nine rice varieties, including Ilpum, which is the most frequently cultivated variety in Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea. The control group was planted in a paddy field where irrigation was entirely dependent on rainfall. Our results revealed that the heading stage of the nine studied varieties occurred approximately ten days earlier in the rain shelter than in the field. Moreover, the rice yield, head rice rate, and palatability score decreased by 18.6%, 17.1%, and 8.3%, respectively, while protein content increased by 20.2% compared with the control group. The Saenuri and Haimi varieties showed the lowest reduction in yield under the water stress conditions, while the Daebo and Samkwang varieties showed the highest reduction in yield. The chlorophyll fluorescence response after re-irrigation was measured between July 30th and August 17th. The ratio of variable fluorescence to maximum chlorophyll fluorescence (FV/FM) values failed to recover to their baseline values, resulting in either no change or a reduction in fluorescent response, even after re-irrigation of Daebo and Samkwang varieties. These results can be utilized as empirical data for drought-affected farms to select resistant varieties that can respond to spring drought in the southern plains of Gyeongsangbuk-do.

경북 내륙 지역 과거 25년간 기후와 일품벼 수량 변화

신종희,한채민,권중배,김종수,김상국,Shin, Jong-Hee,Han, Chae-Min,Kwon, Jung-Bae,Kim, Jong-Su,Kim, Sang-Kuk 한국작물학회 2020 한국작물학회지 Vol.65 No.4

'Ilpum', a Korean short-grain mid-late maturing rice cultivar, was developed in 1990, more than 30 years ago. Despite its age, it has been the most widely grown cultivar in the Gyeongbuk province of South Korea for more than 25 years, making it the most important rice cultivar for the people of the Gyeongbuk province. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between the rice yield of "Ilpum', the main rice cultivar in the Gyeongbuk province, and climate elements in the Daegu (southern plain area) and the Andong (inland mountainous area) regions in Gyeongbuk, South Korea. The rice yield over the past five years increased by about 13% and 24%, compared to that produced in the late 1990s in Daegu and the early 2000s in the Andong region, respectively. The number of panicles per hill and the grain ripening rate significantly affected rice yield in the 'Ilpum' cultivars in the Daegu region. The faster heading was a factor in the increase in 'Ilpum' rice yield in the Andong region. The air temperature has been rising and sunshine duration has been increasing from the late 1990s to present in both regions. Rice yield was evaluated to understand the effect of climate factors. The rice yields increased owing to the long sunshine duration during the grain-filling stage in both regions. In Andong, increasing the maximum temperature during the vegetative stage increased rice yield. Rising air temperature during the reproductive stage also increased rice yield. In particular, long sunshine hours throughout the whole rice growing period increased the rice yield of this cultivar in the Andong region.

유색미 혼합 재배시 수량 및 현미 품질

신종희(Jong-Hee Shin),한채민(Chae-Min Han),권중배(Jung-Bae Kwon),원종건(Jong-Gun Won) 韓國作物學會 2022 한국작물학회지 Vol.67 No.2

혼반용 유색 찰 현미 생산을 위해 품종의 혼합 재배 기술을 이용하면 노동력 절감과 더불어 수량증대로 인한 농가소득 향상에 도움이 될 것으로 기대 된다. 유색미의 경우현미 색이나 품종별로 항산화 및 혈중 콜레스테롤 저하 등의 다양한 기능성 성분을 함유하고 있으며 본 연구에서는혼반용으로 적합한 유색미 품종의 선발과 재배기술의 생력화를 위하여 유색미 혼합재배기술에 대한 연구를 수행 하였다. 유색미에 함유되어 있는 페놀화합물의 정성 및 정량분석 결과 황갈색 계열의 품종 및 자원은 Ferulic acid와Salicylic acid 함량이 높았으며, 적미 계열의 품종 및 자원은 Ferulic acid, Gentisic acid, Catechin 함량이 높았다. 흑미 계열의 경우 Ferulic acid, Caffeic acid, Cinnamic acid 함량이 높았고 적미, 녹미 등 다른 계열의 유색미에 비해Quercetin 함량이 높은 경향이었다. 녹색계열의 녹원찰벼의경우 Ferulic acid, Coumaric acid 함량이 높았으며 특히Coumaric acid 함량이 다른 계열의 유색미에 비해 높았다. 블랜딩 유색미 생산을 위해 품종을 혼합하여 재배할 경우주당수수, 등숙율 증가로 단일품종으로 재배하는 것보다수량이 18∼20% 증수 되었으며, 혼합재배 유형 중 1품종1열 재배에서는 녹원찰, 종자혼합 재배에서는 청풍흑향찰, 한강찰과 아랑향찰은 혼합재배 유형 모두에서 생산성이 높아지는 경향이었다. The mixed cropping system is a centuries-old cropping technique widely practiced in farmers’ fields worldwide. Increased plant diversity enhances farmland biodiversity, which improves grain yield and quality. However, the effect of growing different rice cultivars simultaneously has rarely been investigated. In the present study, six glutinous rice cultivars were selected, and two mixture cultivation methods were determined according to plant height, grain yield, and color. Colored and glutinous rice are used for specific purposes by consumers because of their color and nutritive value. Six glutinous rice varieties, including aromatic and colored rice, were included in the combination interplanting trials. The results showed that, compared with the corresponding monocropping systems, almost all combinations of the mixed cropping systems had advantages in yield-related traits. Compared with monocropping systems, mixed cropping systems increased the number of panicles per plant and maturation rate by 20% and 10%, respectively. An increase of 18-20% grain yield was observed in mixed cropping plots compared with that in plots which grew only a single rice variety. Some rice varieties, such as green colored rice ‘Nogwonchall’ and black colored rice ‘Chungpunghukhayangchall’, exhibited 18-22% increased yield when they were planted in combinations. The high yields were primarily owing to improved light interception and reduced lodging, although other factors (for example, reduced severity of disease) may have also contributed.

벼 무경운 이앙재배시 왕우렁이(Pomacea canaliculata) 치패를 이용한 잡초방제

신종희(Jong-Hee Shin),한채민(Chae-Min Han),김상국(Sang-Kuk Kim),권중배(Jung-Bae Kwon),김종수(Jong-Su Kim) 한국잡초학회·한국잔디학회 2020 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.9 No.3

무경운 벼 재배논에서 이앙전 왕우렁이 치패(어린 우렁이)의 투입시기에 따른 잡초방제 효과를 조사한 결과, 무제초 대비 이앙하기 21, 14, 7일 전 투입과 이앙당일 투입에서 각각 91, 90, 80, 65%의 방제효과가 있었다. 이앙하기 21-7일 전에 왕우렁이 치패를 ha당 15 kg (약 7,500개) 투입시 올챙이고랭이, 여뀌, 미국외풀, 사마귀풀, 물달개비를 100% 방제할 수 있었다. 왕우렁이 치패 투입시기에 따라 초장을 비롯한 분얼수, 수량구성요소에는 유의적 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 백미수량의 경우 이앙전 14일 투입구에서 4,610 kg·ha-1로 무제초구 대비 158%의 수량을 나타내었다. 제초효과 및 쌀수량을 고려한다면 무경운 논에서 이앙전 왕우렁이 치패 투입은 이앙하기 21-7일 전이 적합한 것으로 판단되었다. Weed management under organic farming systems is very problematic since organic agriculture does not allow synthetic herbicides. We investigated the influence of the input time of young golden apple snail (GAS, Pomacea canaliculata) on the weed control to suggest and introduce this environment-friendly weed management technique in no-tillage rice cultivation. This experiment was conducted in environment-friendly no-tillage rice paddy field in Yecheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do. The objective of this research was the method for weed management through the study on the effect of weed control by input time (applied at 21, 14, 7 and 0 days before rice transplanting) of young GAS (15 kg·ha-1). The effectiveness of weed control as affected by GAS when applied at 21, 10, 7, and 0 days before transplanting (DBT) was 91, 90, 80, and 65%, respectively. The young GAS, when applied 21-7 days before transplanting at 15 kg·ha-1 (approximately 7,500 ea) provided 100% control of Scirpus juncoides, Persicaria hydropiper, Lindernia dubia, Aneilema japonica, and Monochoria vaginalis. The variations in the input time of GAS caused significant differences in the harvested yield, but no significant differences were found in the plant height, tiller number, ripening and grain weight. Approximately 4,340-4,600 kg·ha-1 of the rice yield obtained through the utilization of apple snails 21-7 days before transplanting. These data indicate that the application of young GAS before transplanting is an efficient method for weed management in environment-friendly no-tillage rice paddy fields.

Effect of Transplanting Time on the Physicochemical Properties of Starch in Different Mature Rice Varieties

신종희(Jong-Hee Shin),한채민(Chae-Min Han),송영운(Young-Un Song),김상국(Sang-Kuk Kim),류정기(Jung-Gi Ryu) 한국작물학회 2023 한국작물학회지 Vol.68 No.2

The Physicochemical Properties of Starch from Tongil-type Rice Varieties

신종희(Jong-Hee Shin),한채민(Chae-Min Han),송영운(Young-Un Song),김상국(Sang-Kuk Kim),류정기(Jung-Gi Ryu) 한국작물학회 2023 한국작물학회지 Vol.68 No.3

Starch characteristics and pasting properties of Tongil-type rice varieties with different amylose content were analyzed. Three different Tongil-type rice varieties and one Japonica-type rice variety were examined for their properties. Tongil-type rice varieties have longer panicles and higher rice yield (721-765 kg per 10a) than Boramchan, a Japonica-type high-yield rice variety. The protein content of the Tongil-type rice variety was higher than that of Boramchan. Japonica-type rice varieties had lower amylose content than Japonica-type rice varieties, except for Amimyeon (Milyang355). Amimyeon had higher protein content than the other varieties, and its amylose content was particularly high at 39.2%. The distribution of starch granule sizes of the four varieties was similar, and the particle size corresponding to D50 was approximately 87.8-81.9 μm. The pasting properties of rice flour varied among varieties. The Dasanbyeo and Hanarum2 amylogram patterns were similar. These two varieties had a higher peak viscosity (PV) and lower setback (SB) than Boramchan. In the case of Amimyeon, the hot paste viscosity (HPV), cool paste viscosity (CPV), and SB were significantly higher than those of the other Toingil-type varieties, and the breakdown (BD) was very low, showing pasting properties significantly different from that of the other varieties. The onset (To), peak (Tp), and conclusion temperature (Tc) of gelatinization of rice flour from Amimyeon were lower than those of the other tested varieties. In addition, the gelatinization temperature, measured using differnetial scanning calorimetry (DSC), and BD, measured using al rapid visco analyzer (RVA) were low in Amimyeon. Amylose content showed a high positive correlation with pasting time (PTi), HPV, and SB and a negative correlation with PV and BD.