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Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Heating and Cooling Systems in Greenhouse
크리스티나데카노 ( Cristina Decano ),이인복 ( In-bok Lee ) 한국농공학회 2020 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2020 No.-
Developed countries such as South Korea are becoming more dependent on protective agriculture due to extreme distinct season that affects annual crop production. To increase the production rate, an optimum environmental condition must be maintained inside the greenhouse through the installation of high-efficiency heating and cooling systems. A heating and cooling system is used to increase or reduce the stored heat inside the greenhouse buildings which is very crucial in maintaining the desired temperature during the extreme seasons. However, heating and cooling systems of greenhouse buildings consumed most energy and the largest source of environmental gas emission for the entire life cycle. A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is systematic analysis tool that is widely used to estimate the potential environmental impact of a certain product. If properly incorporated with Building Energy Simulation (BES) results, researchers can determine the environmentally safe and energy efficient heating and cooling system that can be used for greenhouse crop production. Therefore, the objective of this study is use the BES simulated result and LCA to assess the life cycle environmental burdens of different heating and cooling systems for greenhouse production. Specifically, this study attempted to assess the environmental impact of using thermal effluent as a source of energy for the greenhouse and compare it with conventional heating and cooling systems such as electric air conditioning systems and kerosene powered-boilers. Result showed that kerosene powered boiler has the highest acidification potential (kg SO<sub>2</sub>-eq), global warming potential (kg CO<sub>2</sub>-eq), and eutrophication potential (kg PO<sub>4</sub>-eq) of 23.28 - 31.87%, 35.06-67.66%, and 35.67-82.62%, respectively. Similarly, cumulative energy demand (CED) for every functional unit of effluent-powered heat pump was 5,042.1 MJ-eq which is 1.7% and 28.0% lower than cumulative energy demand of electric air conditioning systems and kerosene powered boilers.
크리스티나데카노 ( Cristina Decano ),이인복 ( In-bok Lee ),여욱현 ( Ukhyeon Yeo ),하태환 ( Taehwan Ha ) 한국농공학회 2019 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2019 No.-
Odor generated from livestock facilities is becoming a worldwide issue. This is especially true since the production volume of livestock houses are progressively enlarged to sustain the needs of the growing population. As a consequence, the concentration of dispersed odors was significantly intensified providing greater annoyance and serious health concerns to the nearby household. The main objective of the research was to quantify the odor generated from pig house facilities with complex terrain. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tool was used in this study to predict odor dispersion considering that it has the capability to integrate wind condition as well as topographical condition to simulate aerodynamic phenomena. The study model was developed with a 2.5km radius, 2.0km height and a 10m mesh resolution. Modules are linked by scheme extension functions into a main computing solver. A field measurement was also taken to determine the initial boundary condition and was used for validating the model. The spreading length and area were calculated depending on various atmospheric stability, wind speed and wind direction. Results revealed that calculated odor dispersion is best represented using the standard k-e turbulence model with 0.997 correlation to the field measured data. The calculated dispersion distance and area was greatest at stable condition with lower wind speed due to the effect of vertical mixing. Finally, quantitative and qualitative analysis found that all the considered factors and the terrain has different influence on odor diffusion.
Analysis of Field Measured Odor Emission Rate in Pig Houses
크리스티나,이인복,여욱현,정득영,이상연,박세준,조정화,이민형,정효혁,김다인,강솔뫼,Decano-Valentin, Cristina,Lee, In-bok,Yeo, Uk-hyeon,Jeong, Duek-young,Lee, Sang-yeon,Park, Se-jun,Cho, Jeong-hwa,Lee, Min-hyeong,Jeong, Hyohyeog,Kim, Da-i The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers 2022 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.64 No.6
Odors emitted from pig houses have been a constant root of legal issues in pig farming. These gases are among the main causes of health and mental stresses to nearby communities, so policymakers and researchers continuously study to reduce the concentration of odorous gases from pig facilities. A continuous field experiment proved that the concentration of odor emissions inside the pig houses is highly dependent on ventilation rate, breeding details, and animal activities. However, the standard odor emission rate worldwide widely varies due to differences in pig house designs and ventilation requirements. Thus, this study aimed to measure the odor emission rates, considering the actual condition of selected Korean pig houses, through field measurement. The odor measurements were performed at three different pig production facilities without odor abatement technologies. The target experimental pig houses were buildings for weaning, growing, and fattening pigs. Results showed that the actual ventilation rate in target pig houses falls below the standard ventilation requirement of pigs, resulting in high odor concentrations inside the pig houses.
동적에너지 모델을 이용한 육계 고온스트레스 예보 시스템 개발
조정화 ( Jeong-hwa Cho ),이인복 ( In-bok Lee ),크리스티나데카노 ( Cristina Decano ),이민형 ( Min-hyung Lee ),김다인 ( Da-in Kim ) 한국농공학회 2022 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2022 No.-
육류 소비가 증가하면서 전체 농업 생산액에서 축산업의 비중은 매년 증가하고 있다. 2018년 축산물 생산량의 11.5 % 를 육계가 차지했다. 그러나 최근 지구온난화에 따른 폭염 일수 증가와 높은 사육밀도 환경으로 인해 육계사 내부 환경이 점차 악화되고 있다. 또한, 닭은 생물학적 구조상 신진대사 열 발생이 높고 땀샘이 거의 없기 때문에 체온 조절에 특히나 어려움을 겪는 축종으로, 육계는 여름철 고온에 더욱 취약하다. 그리고 여름철 열 스트레스를 효과적으로 해소하기 위해 육계에서 사용되는 대표적인 환기방법으로 터널환기를 한다. 터널환기는 계사 내에 있는 육계에게도 높은 풍속을 전달하여 실제 닭이 느끼는 유효온도를 더욱 낮추는 역할을 한다. 고온스트레스란 가축이 항상성을 유지할 수 없는 열 부하의 결과로, 실험을 통한 회귀식으로 통해 축종별 지수로 나타낸 연구들이 있었다. 현재 계사 내 유속까지 고려하여 고온스트레스 지수를 평가한 연구는 없었으며, 실험을 통한 모델 검증 또한 없었다. 그리고 다양한 육계의 사육 일령 및 계사 환기 제어 등의 다양한 조건에서 고온스트레스가 평가되지 않았었다. 따라서 본 연구의 목표는 동적 에너지 시뮬레이션을 사용하여 가축의 고온스트레스를 정량적으로 평가하기 위한 에너지 모델을 검증하고 개발하는 것이다. 강제환기식 육계사에서 외부 기상과 계사 내부의 공기 온도, 상대습도, 유속 등 공기환경 데이터를 여러 지점에서 측정하였고, 터널 배기팬의 계사 내외부 정압차와 환기량을 측정하였다. 현장에서 측정한 데이터를 사용하여 개발한 동적 에너지모델의 신뢰도를 판단하기 위해 통계적 지표를 활용하여 모델검증에 활용하였다. 검증된 모델을 이용하여 사용자에게 농가 위치, 육계의 연령 및 사육 밀도, 계사 단열재 및 환기팬, 쿨링패드의 유무 등의 정보를 입력 받아 예보 시점으로부터 2일 이후까지 육계의 고온스트레스를 연산하고 예보하는 시스템을 개발하였다. 이와 같은 예경보 시스템은 사용자가 선제적으로 대응하여 기후 변화로 인한 육계사 내부의 고온으로 발생하는 폐사를 줄이는 데 기여할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.
Life cycle greenhouse gas emission reduction control for livestock production
크리스티나 ( Cristina Decano ),이상연 ( Sang Yeon Lee ),조정화 ( Jeong Hwa Cho ),이민형 ( Min Hyung Lee ),정효혁 ( Hyo Hyeog Jeong ),이인복 ( In Bok Lee ) 한국농업기계학회 2022 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.27 No.1
A substantial reduction in the environmental impacts related to the construction and operation of livestock is needed to adapt to the continuing development of agriculture. In the field of the livestock sector, the environmental impact of producing livestock animals have found to contribute large CO2-eq, SO2-eq and PO4-eq especially for cattle, pigs and poultry. In this study, a review and impact analysis of various odour and GHG mitigation techniques used for the production of livestock animals have been evaluated. The review of literature analysis showed that three major phases have the highest impact on livestock emissions that including feed management, housing management and manure storage and processing. Although the result analysis showed no pattern for each mitigation method, it was identified that the frequency and method of manure removal contributed to the highest global warming potential, accidification potential; and eutrophication for all types of livestock animals considered in the analysis. Especially, the analysis of the result for the three major livestock production showed that global warming potential has highest by 35.12% and 21.75% in cattle production compared to swine and poultry production, respectively. Similarly, in the case of manure management, solid manure was found to emit higher GHG compared to the liquid slurry. These findings match with the result of scenario analysis that showed that utilizing the manure as feedstock for an anaerobic digester has an average of 28.01% lower acidification potential for all the considered livestock animals.