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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : 최흥걸 (검색결과 3 건)
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최흥걸 단국대학교 경영대학원 국제무역전공 1983 국내석사
The Korean economy has recorded a high rate of economic growth, nearly 9 percent on the average during the 1960-1980, due to the outward-looking industrialization strategy and the four successive Five-Year Economic Development plans since 1962. In the course of the sustained economic growth, export has functioned as so-called "the engine of growth". We can see the importance of export role in the fact that the average annual contribution of export to economic growth amounted to 35.7 percent. Actually, the export growth trend in Korea shows that Korea multiplied 350 times of its exports from 1962 through 1980 and that its annual growth rate was 38.6 percent in the 1960's and 35.6 percent in the 1970's. These figures are very high, compared with the annual average of 8.9 percent in the 1960's and 20.6 percent in the 1970's in the world as a whole. According to the World Bank's reports, Korea has kept the first place in export growth rate during the period of 1960's to 1970's. The export promotion policy in the Korean economy, however, has been facing with some problems as following: 1. AS Korea's exports reached US$10 billion in 1977 and exceeded 1 percent of world trade volume, some advanced countries such as the U.S., Japan and EC have been taking import restrictive measures against Korea. In this sense, it is getting har and harder that Korea enters into the markets of advanced countries which account for 80 percent of Korea's total exports. 2. Korea can no longer heavily depend on labor-intensive export lines which have been a main power of its rapid export growth until 1970's, because of high wage levels and inflation rates during the same period. 3. The competition between Korea and newly industrialized countries such as Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore and so on, is gradually getting deepend in the import maekets of primary products, and the advents of Thailand, Malaysia and communist China are jeopardizing the status that Korea has enjoyed as the so-called "export kingdom of light industry goods" in the 1970's. 4. Korea, having depended on imports for most of the major raw materials and crude oil, is expected to face with. difficulties in getting them in the future due to the emerging resource nationalism or resource arms policy. 5. Like the cases of EC and ASEAN, the exclusive regional economic community is being created and its activity is being streng-thended. Therefore, Korea will have difficulties in promoting new export markets. Because of the facts mentioned as above, it is certain that the Korean internal and external situations will be more unfavorable in 1980's than in 1970's. Therefore, the Korean government as well as the private businesses should step up their efforts to establish multilateral and systematic strategies for export promotions such as the development of new technology and export items to solve the mounting problems in the 1980's. In this sense, the importance of the development of Latian American markets have been accepted for the fields of commodity exports, construction, resources exploitation-imports and fishery cooperation. Korea's exports to Latin America were negligible in the past decade but since 1977 Korea's exports have begun to increase greatly and exceed its total export growth rate as of the end of 1980. However, Korea's export volume to Latin America still has small weight, compared with its total export volume. So, it is urgently needed that Korea should enlarge its advance to Latin America. Because Korea's market share doesn't reach 1 percent in Latin American markets, Korea should give more emphasis on Latin American countries with strenuous efforts to diversify its export markets. Still, Latin America has a great significance for the Korea's entry into this region, as 1. Latin America has abundant resources including crude oil, iron ore, copper, timber and so on, but most of them are not developed due to the lack of capital and technology. So, Korea has high possibility to secure resources stably by participating in resources exploitation. 2. Because most of Latin American countries have established large scale and comprehensive economic development plans and have propelled strongly since the 1960's, they have high propensity to make progress. 3. Except Argentina, Brazil and Mexico, most of Latin American countries are behind Korea in the overall technology levels. So the technology transfer from Korea to these countries is possible. As these countries are stressing the need for the introduction of foreign advanced technology in light industry sectors such as textil, rubber, footwear, and basic electronics industries, Korea has good favors in advancing to those countries. 4. Latin America is located geographically near to the United States which has the largest market in the world and well-developed free trade market. Therefore, it is suitable for Korea's outpost of circuitous exports to the U.S. because of the rising tide of trade protectionism in U.S. against Korean products. Latin American regions are very important for Korea's export markets, import markets of natural resources and investment markets In this sense, the study of multilateral strategies is required. In order to enlarge Korea's entry into Latin America, Korea should actively utilize existing trade agreements and at the same time conclude trade agreements with other countries. Finally, all-out efforts should be made to strengthen a private base export marketing through the overseas branches of KOTRA and general trading companies.
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