Desflurane 흡입 마취 유도 시 기도 과민성에 대한 Lidocaine과 Fentanyl의 효과

최인규 ( In Gyu Choi ),최영순 ( Young Soon Choi ),민진혜 ( Jin Hye Min ),김용호 ( Yong Ho Kim ),채영근 ( Young Keun Chae ),이우경 ( Woo Kyung Lee ),이용경 ( Yong Kyung Lee ),이애리나 ( Ae Re Na Lee ),조형래 ( Hyong Rae Cho ),채홍석 대한마취과학회 2009 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.57 No.6

Background: Inhalation induction with desflurane can cause airway irritability and sympathetic stimulation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether lidocaine and fentanyl could reduce these unwanted reactions. Methods: Seventy-five patients who had premedication with midazolam were randomly allocated to one of three groups to receive intravenous saline (S group), lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg (L group), fentanyl 1 μg/kg (F group), respectively, before tidal volume induction with desflurane in oxygen and nitrous oxide. We recorded airway irritability such as cough, apnea, laryngospasm and excitatory movement and hemodynamic changes. Results: Airway irritability was not significantly different between the groups. In F group, mean blood pressure at LOC ver and LOC BIS and heart rate at LOC ver, LOC BIS and just before intubation were lower than those of S group (P<0.05). Other results were not significantly different. Conclusions: The results of the study showed that intravenous fentanyl and lidocaine had no beneficial effects to reduce airway irritability, but intravenous fentanyl could significantly reduce hemodynamic stimulation during inhalation induction with desflurane in the patients who were premedicated with midazolam. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2009; 57: 693∼7)

바이오에탄올 생산을 위한 바이오매스 자원으로서 버섯골목의 이용 가능성 평가

이재원(Lee, Jae-Won),구본욱(Koo, Bon-Wook),최준원(Choi, Joon-Weon),최돈하(Choi, Don-Ha),최인규(Choi, In-Gyu) 한국신재생에너지학회 2006 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.06

In order to investigate the possibility of waste mushroom logs as biomass resource chemical and physical characteristics of normal woods and waste mushroom logs such as crystallinity value, energy consumption, total sugar yield after hydrolysis chemical compounds and molecular weight distribution after acid hydrolysis, were examined. In the results, crystallinity of waste mushroom logs which were three year passed after the inoculation was decreased drastically from 49% to 33% during the cultivation. Lignin contents as chemical compounds of normal woods and waste mushroom logs were 21.07% and 18.78%, respectively. By the results of measurement of energy consumption, the size reduction of normal woods required a significantly higher energy than that of waste mushroom logs. In the hydrolysis, total sugar yield by enzyme and acid hydrolysis were high in waste mushroom logs(53% 57.5%) than in normal woods(42.9%, 47.17%). According to the molecular weight distribution using GPC, low molecular weight compounds were distributed in waste mushroom logs. Based on these results, waste mushroom logs have enough potential as material for developing alternative energy because of easily conversion to sugar by various hydrolysis methods and requirement of low energy consumption during size reduction.

가래나무 수액와 고로쇠나무의 출수량에 미치는 영향 인자 분석: (3) 인제 지역

최원실 ( Won Sil Choi ),최인규 ( In Gyu Choi ),박미진 ( Mi Jin Park ) 한국목재공학회 2012 목재공학 Vol.40 No.6

본 연구에서는 강원도 인제지역의 가래나무의 수액 출수와 영향인자들을 분석하여 고로쇠나무 수액의 대체자원으로서 최적의 수액 출수 조건을 얻고자 출수량, 흉고직경, 시험지의 기온과 상대습도를 2008년 2월 1일∼3월 31일의 기간에 측정하여 출수량과 다른 측정값들과의 상관성 분석을 수행하였고 고로쇠나무의 경우와 비교 분석하였다. 가래나무 수액의 출수는 고로쇠나무 경우와 유사한 출수 시기와 출수 기간을 가지고 있었으나 가래나무 수액출수는 출수 기간의 초기에 집중되었다. 동일 지역의 고로쇠나무 수액의 출수량은 나무의 흉고직경이 증가할수록 증가한 것과 달리 가래나무 수액의 출수량은 흉고직경 증가에 따른 뚜렷한 증감을 관찰할 수 없었다. 수액출수량이 높은 개체의 경우 고로쇠나무와 가래나무 모두 단위 흉고직경 당 출수량은 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 고로쇠나무의 흉고직경 당 출수량은 전체 평균 0.9 ± 0.1 ℓ/cm으로 가래나무의 평균 0.3 ± 0.1 ℓ/cm에 대비하여 3배에 달하였다. 수액이 많이 출수되는 날의 기온와 상대습도는 고로쇠나무와 가래나무 경우 모두 서로 유사하게 나타나 가래나무 수액 출수는 고로쇠나무의 경우와 같이 외부 기후 조건에 많이 영향받는 것으로 판단되었다. 수액출수량과 기온 및 대기 습도와의 상관 분석에서 가래나무의 경우 일중 최저 기온(P < 0.05)이, 고로쇠나무의 경우 기온차(P < 0.01)가 수액 출수량에 가장 유의적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 볼 때 가래나무의 수액 출수는 고로쇠나무와 유사한 기후 조건에서 발생하나 그 수액 출수량은고로쇠나무보다 적고 이에 영향하는 주요 인자 또한 다른 것으로 생각된다. This study was carried out to investigate the optimum conditioan for sap exudation of Juglans mandsburica in comparison with Acer mono Max. tree in a site of Inje-Gun, Gangwon-Do, Korea. Amount of sap exudation, air temperature, relative air humidity and tree diameter at breast height (DBH) were monitored for the priod of February 1 through March 31, 2008, and correlation analysis of several factors affecting on sap exudation was carried out. Sap exudation from J. mandsburica initiated on Feb. 28 as the same time in case of A.mono and continued for a month, and enhanced in early March compared to around the middle of March for A.mono. The amount of sap of A.mono was linearly proportional to the diameter at breast height (DBH) but there was no apparent relationship for J. mandsburica. As the amount of sap exudation per tree increased then sap exudation per unit DBH was also linearly proportional in both J. mandsburica and A.mono. The amount of sap exudation per unit DBH of J. mandsburica were 0.3±0.1ℓ/cm on average, which was one third times of 0.9±0.1ℓ/cm for A.mono. During the days of enhanced sap exudation, the atmospheric conditions such as air temperature and relative humidity around J. mandsburica trees were very similar with those of A.mono. The minimum tempereature was a significant factor affecting the amount of sap J. mandsburica whereas the range of temperature was the principal factor A.mono. In conclusion, the sap of J. mandsburica exudated in atmospheric conditions similar to A.mono, but the amount of sap was affected by different atmospheric factors compared to A.mono.

고로쇠나무 수액의 출수에 미치는 영향 인자 분석: (2) 함양 지역

최원실 ( Won Sil Choi ),박미진 ( Mi Jin Park ),김호용 ( Ho Yong Kim ),최인규 ( In Gyu Choi ),이학주 ( Hak Ju Lee ),강하영 ( Ha Young Kang ) 한국목재공학회 2010 목재공학 Vol.38 No.4

본 연구는 경상남도 함양군 지리산의 고로쇠나무 수액의 출수와 영향 인자들을 분석하여 최적의 출수 조건을 얻는데 기여하고자, 출수량과 시험지의 기온 및 상대습도, 흉고직경 그리고 수액내 당 함량 사이의 상관성을 분석하였다. 고로쇠나무의 흉고직경에 비례하는 출수량과의 상관성은 출수량이 많은 날에 높았고 출수 일수와 시기는 공시목 사이에 큰 차이점이 없었다. 출수량이 높았던 날들의 기온은 일평균기온 1.2±1.6℃, 일최저기온 -4.3±1.5℃ 그리고 일최고기온 11.8±1.9℃로 나타났다. 수액 출수는 기온이 영하의 온도를 지속하거나 영상의 온도를 지속할 경우에는 관찰되지 아니하였다. 기온과 출수량과의 상관 분석에서 일최고기온과 일평균기온이 유의적(p<0.05)으로 관련성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 수액의 출수 기간 동안 자당의 농도는 일정 수준을 유지하였으나 출수가 종료되는 시점에서 급격하게 감소하였다. This study was carried out to investigate the optimum condition for sap exudation of Acer mono Max. tree in a site of Mt. Jiri, Hamyang-gun, Korea. Amount of sap exudation, air temperature, relative air humidity, tree diameter at breast height (DBH) and sugar content in sap were monitored during the early springtime, and correlation analysis of several factors was carried out to explain tree-to-tree and date-to-date variations in sap exudation. The correlation, linearly-associated between DBH and sap amount, was strengthened as daily amount of sap increased, but there was no significant tree-to-tree variation in time and period for sap exudation. When amount of sap exudation was above 10 liter/day, the mean air-temperature was averaged at 1.2±1.6℃, the minimum at -4.3±1.5℃ and the maximum at 11.8±1.9℃. The maximum air temperature and mean air temperature were significant (p<0.05) factors for amount of sap in correlation analysis to explain date-to-date variation in sap exudation. Sucrose content in sap was in the range of 1.5 and 1.7% during exudation days, but sharply reduced to 0.6% level at the end of exudation period.

압출 공정온도와 스크류 조합에 따른 자원 순환형 탄소필러기반 폴리아마이드66 복합소재의 열전도도 및 기계적 물성

배진우(Jin Woo Bae),이종인(Jong In Lee),양세준(Se Jun Yang),최인규(In Gyu Choi),오승주(Seung-Ju Oh),남병욱(Byeong-Uk Nam) 한국산학기술학회 2023 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.24 No.7

전기차 산업의 발달로 고성능 전장부품의 수요가 꾸준하게 증가하고 있다. 하지만, 고성능의 전장부품들은 열을 쉽게 발생시키고, 부품의 성능 저하 및 오작동과 기판의 열화를 초래한다. 이를 해결하기 위해 자동차 부품에 고분자기반의 방열 소재를 적용할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는, 폴리아마이드66(Polyamide66, PA66)에 자원 순환형 탄소필러(Resource-circulating carbon filler, RCF)와 유리섬유(Glass fiber, GF)를 도입한 탄소복합소재를 이축압출기에서 용융 블렌드하였다. 탄소복합소재는 두 가지 압출 공정온도 조건과 다른 스크류 조합으로 제조되었으며, 이들의 열적 및 기계적 물성, 그리고 모폴로지를 분석하였다. 높은 압출 공정온도에서 제조된 탄소복합소재는 낮은 압출 공정온도에서 제조된 탄소복합소재보다 더 높은 열적 및 기계적 물성 향상을 보였다. 또한, 이축압출기 스크류 조합에서 kneading block의 확대는 탄소복합소재의 물성을 더 향상시켰다. 이는 주사전자현미경(Scanning electron microscope, SEM)을 이용한 모폴로지 분석을 통해 RCF가 더 높은 압출공정 온도와 확대된 kneading block으로 인해서 PA66 모재에 대한 분산성이 우수하였기 때문으로 판단하였다. 특히, GF가 100 phr 첨가된 탄소복합소재는 높은 압출 공정온도와 강화된 kneading block에서 제조되었을 때, 우수한 열전도도와 굴곡탄성율을 보이면서도 Neat PA66만큼의 충격강도와 인장강도를 유지할 수 있었다. The demand for high-performance electrical components has been steadily increasing with the development of the electric vehicle industry. However, these components generate heat easily, leading to performance degradation, malfunctioning, and substrate deterioration. To address this issue, polymer-based heat dissipation materials can be applied to automotive components. In this study, a carbon composite material incorporating resource-circulating carbon filler (RCF) and glass fibers (GF) was melt-blended with polyamide 66 (PA66) using a twin-screw extruder. The composites were manufactured under two different extrusion operating temperature conditions and with different screw configurations, and their thermal, mechanical, and morphological properties were analyzed. The RCF-reinforced composites prepared at a higher operating temperature exhibited higher improvements in thermal and mechanical properties compared to the composites prepared at a lower operating temperature. Furthermore, the increases in the kneading block in the screw configuration of the twin-screw extruder further enhanced the thermal and mechanical properties of the carbon composites. These results were also observed in the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of the superior dispersibility of the RCF within the PA66 matrix, which was attributed to the higher operating temperature in the twin-screw extruder and the increases of the kneading block in the screw configuration. Specifically, when the RCF-reinforced composites with 100 phr GF were prepared at higher extrusion process temperatures and with an enhanced kneading block, they exhibited excellent thermal conductivity and flexural modulus while maintaining impact strength and a tensile strength comparable to neat PA66.

분리 가능한 고체 산촉매를 통한 신갈나무 내 헤미셀룰로오스 분해 연구

김종화(Jong-Hwa Kim),최준호(June-Ho Choi),조성민(Seong-Min Cho),정한섭(Hanseob Jeong),이수민(Soo Min Lee),최인규(In-Gyu Choi) 한국산림바이오에너지학회 2019 산림바이오에너지 Vol.29 No.1

본 연구에서는 분리 가능한 고체 산촉매를 합성하여 신갈나무(Quercus mongolica)의 헤미셀룰로오스를 분해하였다. 양이온 교환수지인 polystyrene sulfonate를 합성한 뒤 Fe₃O₄를 삽입하여 분리가능한 촉매인 magnetic polystyrene sulfonate (MPSU)를 합성하였다. MPSU의 X-ray diffraction pattern 분석 결과 Fe₃O₄의 도입에 따라 Fe₃O₄와 유사한 결정영역 peak가 나타났으며 이는 투과전자현미경에 의해 뒷받침되었다. FT-IR 분석 결과 MPSU에는 polystyrene sulfonate와 마찬가지로 sulfonic group의 도입에 의한 1006, 1127 ㎝<SUP>-1</SUP> 영역에서 peak가 나타났으며, thermogravimetric analysis 분석 결과 MPSU는 약 200℃부터 분해가 시작되어 500℃가 넘어가면 약 70% 가량 분해되는 것을 관찰했다. MPSU의 경우 170℃, 3시간 반응조건에서 원시료 내에 존재하고 있던 XMG 중 26%가 분해되어 액상 가수분해물에 단당류로 유리되었다. 반면 Fe₃O₄를도입하지 않았던 polystyrene sulfonate의 경우 140℃, 3시간 반응조건에서 전체 XMG 중 72%가 액상 내 단당류로 유리되었다. In this study, separable solid acid catalyst was synthesized to decompose hemicellulose in lignocellulosic biomass (Quercus mongolica). Polystyrene sulfonate was synthesized as cation-exchange resin, and for separation, Fe₃O₄ particle was adopted in polystyrene sulfonate and finally magnetic polystyrene sulfonate (MPSU) was synthesized. Similar peaks oriented from crystalline structure of Fe₃O₄ were detected in MPSU, indicated that Fe₃O₄ was adopted in polystyrene sulfonate and this was supported by transmission electron microscope image. In, FT-IR speactra of MPSU, peaks were identified at 1006, 1127 ㎝<SUP>-1</SUP>, which was derived from sulfonic group. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that MPSU degradation was started at 200℃ and 70% of catalyst was degraded at 500℃. Hemicellulose degradation by MPSU was conducted at 170℃ of reaction temperature and 3 h of reaction time. 26% of XMG in raw materials decomposed and leached to liquid hydrolysate. On the other hand, polystyrene sulfonate without Fe₃O₄ showed higher performance in hemicellulose degradation. 72% of XMG was degraded at 140℃ of reaction temperature and 3 h of reaction time.

바이오순환림의 저농도액비 시용에 따른 토양수 및 지하수 수질 영향 분석

홍은미,최진용,유승환,남원호,여진기,최인규,Hong, Eun-Mi,Choi, Jin-Yong,Yoo, Seung-Hwan,Nam, Won-Ho,Yeo, Jin-Kie,Choi, In-Gyu 한국농공학회 2010 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.52 No.5

Manure recycling as fertilizer is one of solutions for the environmental problem related with livestock manure treatment as well as the ocean dumping ban act prohibiting manure disposal to the ocean. For the manure disposal, forest area can be a candidate place because the area has a wide range of applicable sites. However, the manure application to the forest has a possibility of causing environmental impacts including water quality problems due to nutrient loading. Therefore it is necessary to investigate water quality impact from manure disposal to the forestry plantation. In this study, ground and soil water quality had been monitored in the bio-circulation experimental forest where low concentration liquid manure (LCLM) was applied. Soil and groundwater samples were collected and analyzed weekly from April to October in 2008 and 2009. The mean and variation of NO3-N concentration in soil water of LCLM treatment places showed higher concentration than the reference places declining during growing season. In the case of groundwater from monitoring well in the downstream of disposal site, the $NO_3$-N concentration was 3.59 mg/L in 2008 and 3.26 mg/L in 2009 in average showing higher concentration than the reference well although the concentration was not exceed the national drinking water standard. To investigate the source of nitrate, $\delta^{15}N$ isotope analysis was also implemented. Its result showed that the LCLM application could be the nitrate source requiring further long-term monitoring soil and water quality.

근적외선 분광분석법을 이용한 백합나무 목재의 섬유포화점 이하 표면함수율 평가

엄창득 ( Chang Deuk Eom ),함연중 ( Yeon Jung Han ),장윤성 ( Yoon Sung Chang ),박준호 ( Jun Ho Park ),최준원 ( Joon Weon Choi ),최인규 ( In Gyu Choi ),여환명 ( Hwan Myeong Yeo ) 한국목재공학회 2010 목재공학 Vol.38 No.6

목재의 합리적인 이용을 위하여 목재 가공 또는 이용시 수분제어를 통한 건조결함 발생 최소화가 중요하다. 근적외선 분광분석법을 이용하여 재료의 불리적 화학적 성질용 신속하고 비파괴적으로 파악할 수 있다. 본 연구 에서는 근적외선 분광분석법을 이용하여 목재의 표면함수율을 측정하였다. 근적외선 분광스펙트럼에는 목재의 화학적 성분의 영향으로 인하여 노이즈가 포함될 수 있기 때문에 평활화, 미분, 표준화를 포함한 수학적 전처리를 적용한후 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 750~2.500nm 범위의 적외선 흡광도를 이용한 희귀모텔용 통하여 목재의 표면향수율 측정이 가능함을 확인하였다 본 연구에서 개발된 근적외선 분광분석법을 통하여 비평형상태에 서 목재 수분을 정확히 탐지함으로써 건조 또는 수분흡습 중 목재 내 수분이동량을 제아할 수 있는 기술이 발전 될 수 있으리라 기대된다. For efficient use of wood, it is important to control moisture of wood in processing wood. ear-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy can be used to estimate the physical and chemical properties of materials quickly and nondestructively. In this study, it was intended to measure the moisture contents on the surface of wood using IR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate analytic statistical techniques. Because NIR spectroscopy is affected by the chemical components of the specimens and contains signal noise, a regression mod I for detecting moisture content of wood was established after carrying our several numerical pretreatments such as Smoothing, Derivative and Normalization in this study. It shows that the regression model using IR absorbance in the range of 750-2,500nm predicts the actual surface moisture content very well. ear-infrared spectroscopy technique developed in this study is expected to improve a technology to control moisture content of wood in using and drying proc ss.

분리 가능한 silica 계열 고체 산촉매를 통한 목질계 바이오매스의 가수분해 연구

김종화(Jong-Hwa Kim),김종찬(Jong-Chan Kim),이다송(Da-Song Lee),정한섭(Hanseob Jeong),이수민(Soo Min Lee),최인규(In-Gyu Choi) 한국산림바이오에너지학회 2019 산림바이오에너지 Vol.29 No.1

본 연구에서는 분리 가능한 고체 산촉매를 합성하여 신갈나무(Quercus mongolica)의 헤미셀룰로오스를 분해하였다. 실리카 계열 촉매인 SBA-15에 Fe₃O₄를 부착하고 프로필 술폰기를 도입하여 Magnetic SBA-15 with sulfonic group (MSBS)를 합성하였다. MSBS의 x-선 회절 분석 결과 Fe₃O₄의 도입에 따라 Fe₃O₄와 유사한 결정영역 피크가 나타났다. MSBS의 FT-IR 스펙트럼에는 프로필 술폰기에 의한 프크가 2900cm<SUP>-1</SUP> 와 3400 cm<SUP>-1</SUP> 영역에서 나타났다. 신갈나무에 존재하는 헤미셀룰로오스는 MSBS 존재하에서 150℃에서 6시간 동안 분해하는 과정에서 신갈나무에 존재하는 XMG(Xylan+Mannan+Glucan)함량 중에서 약 70.3%가 분해되었으며, 이들은 액상가수분해물에 모노머 및 올리고머 형태로 검출되었다. MSBS 촉매는 재사용의 경우에 헤미셀룰로오스 분해능력은 첫 번째보다 약 50% 수준에 머물렀으며, 첫 번째 사용 후 에너지분산형 분광분석을 통해 표면의 원소분석을 시행한 결과 황의 함량이 감소되어 프로필 술폰기가 유출되는 것을 확인하였다. In this study, separable solid acid catalyst was synthesized to decompose hemicellulos in lignocellulosic biomass (Quercus mongolica). Silica based SBA-15 catalyst was used as support material and Fe₃O₄ particle was adopted in SBA-15 and propyl sulfonic group was also introduced. And finally magnetic SBA-15 with sulfonic group (MSBS) was synthesized. Similar peaks oriented from crytalline structure of Fe₃O₄ were detected in MSBS, indicating the Fe₃O₄ was adopted properly in MSBS. In FT-IR determination of MSBS two distinct peaks at 2900cm<SUP>-1</SUP> and 3400 cm<SUP>-1</SUP> was derived from propyl sulfonic group. Hemicellulose degradation in the presence of MSBS was conducted at 150℃ for 6 h. During this reaction ca. 70.3% of XMG(Xylan+Mannan+Glucan) in raw materials were decomposed to monomers as well as oligomers which are present at hydrolysates. In recycling test of MSBS, the it’s catalytic activity of hemicellulose degradation decreased to ca. 50% of original activity. In addition, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS) analysis revealed a decrease of sulfur content in MSBS after degradation reaction of hemicellulose which could be an evidence for leaching of propyl sulfonic group during the reaction.

침엽정유추출잔사의 퇴비화 및 조사료 이용

최인규(In-Gyu Choi),강하영(Ha-Young Kang) 한국산림바이오에너지학회 2002 산림바이오에너지 Vol.21 No.1

침엽수 잎으로부터 정유를 생산하고 남는 폐잔사의 이용도를 구명하고자 소나무, 잣나무, 편백 및 화백을 이용하여 음식물찌꺼기와 혼합하여 퇴비화 및 조사료화를 시도하였다. 폐유기물인 음식물찌꺼기를 효율적으로 발효시키기 위하여 미생물균주원을 탐색하여 돈분퇴비 등으로부터 고온호기성 박테리아 및 방선균을 선발하여 혼합균주를 대량배양 하였다. 이를 음식물찌꺼기, 정유잔사와 혼합하여 부숙과정을 거쳐 퇴비화를 시도하였으며 작물이용시험에 의한 양질 퇴비 여부를 판단하였다. 또한 발효 후 남는 잔사에 대한 조사료로서 이용 가능성 여부를 타진하기 위하여 영양성 평가 및 소화율을 분석하였다.<br/> The essential oil free needles, which were left after distillation of essential oil from various coniferous needles, were fermented with food waste organics in order to use as compost and roughage. Microorganisms for the fermentation were selected from domestic sources such as swine compost, bark compost, and kimchi, etc, and consisted of aerothermophilic bacteria and actinomycetes. The weight reduction ratio of food waste organics treated with the microorganisms was 90% after 30 days treatment, and the fermentation temperature was kept at approximately 45℃. The compost process was really slow due to chemical compounds derived from needles, and it finally took 60 days for complete compost. When 10% of needle compost was mixed with soil for radish growth, the growth indicators such as leaf length and root weight were increased compared with control, while root weight, root width, and root length were inhibited on the addition of 20% needle compost.<br/>