“好V”的不對稱現象與標記模式考察

焦彭琰(Jiao Pengyan) 중국어문학연구회 2021 중국어문학논집 Vol.0 No.126

This study focuses on the polysemous structure of “Hao V” and describes the asymmetrical phenomena of its members in syntax, frequency, affirmation and negation. We find that the “good V” structure expressing intuitive evaluation or empirical evaluation is the typical category of the polysemous structure, while the “good V” structure expressing moderate reasoning and matching estimation is the atypical category of the polysemous structure. The opposition between the two is also reflected in the opposition of whether there is a mark or not. At the same time, we can also find the reasons from the cognitive and pragmatic perspectives.

성별 어휘 ‘男X/女X’에 대한 의미 연구

焦彭琰(Jiao Pengyan) 중국어문학연구회 2017 중국어문학논집 Vol.0 No.104

This article examined the lexical combination uses in actual language to search for semantic differences between gender words, ‘男人/女人’, ‘男性/女性’and ‘男子/女子’. It also noted that there is a difference in the degree of spatial variability between each gender words and that such spatial differences indicate the differences in referentiality in the discourse.

다의어 동사 ‘吃’와 ‘먹다’에 대한 의미 대조 분석

초팽염 ( Jiao Pengyan ) 한국중국언어학회 2020 중국언어연구 Vol.0 No.89

Eating is the most basic action of human survival. This paper makes a contrastive study of the polysemy of the basic verbs expressing this action in Korean and Chinese. It is found that the two verbs derive some similar semantics based on the common cognitive style of human beings, but also because of the differences in the interpretation of the conceptualization process of the action, they produce some different derived semantics. Through comparative analysis, we find that the conceptual schema of Chinese verb “eat” is composed of the elements of “enter-chew- swallow”, which highlights the chewing action in the mouth, and its derivative meaning also shows the characteristics of experience and process. The conceptual schema of Korean verb “먹다” is composed of some elements as “enter-swallow- conserve”, which highlights the preservation state in the abdominal cavity, and its derived meaning also shows the characteristics of experience and result.

“(在)+时间成分”中“在”的隐现考察

초팽염(Jiao, Peng-yan) 한국중어중문학회 2021 中語中文學 Vol.- No.85

본고는 중국어 "(在)+시간성분" 구조중의 "在"의 출현과 생략 현상에 대한 연구이다. 전치사인 "在"는 시간을 나타낼 때 꼭 사용해야할 때가 있는 반면에 사용하면 안 될 경우도 있으며 사용유무와 상관없는 경우도 있다. 시간성분 앞에서 "在"의 사용에 어떤 제약조건이 있는지, 이런 제약 조건들이 "在"의 개념구조와 어떤 관련이 있는지를 고찰하기 위해 먼저 중국 중편소설 하나를 선정하고 택스트로 삼았다. 먼저 텍스트 안에 나온 "(在)+시간성분"을 모두 찾아내어 의미적 분류와 통사적인 분포를 고찰하였다. 살펴본 결과 시간 성분 앞에 "在"의 사용 제약조건을 통사,의미,화용 등 3가지 측면에서 찾을 수 있었다. 첫째, "(在)+시간성분"앞에 부사나 능원동사 같은 성분이 있으면 "在"는 일반적으로 생략할 수 없다. 둘째, 명확하거나 구체적인 시간성분, 특히 숫자가 들어간 시간 성분 앞에는 "在"을 일반적으로 사용하지 않는다. 반면 복잡한 동사구와 방위사와 같이 사용한 경우나 지시대명사의 수식을 받은 복잡한 명사구조가 시간을 나타낼 때는 일반적으로 "在"를 사용한다. 이런 언어현상은 "在"의 개념구조와 긴밀한 관계가 있다. "在"를 사용하면 그가 포함한 개념요소들이 복잡하거나 모호한 의미와 매칭을 시켜 시간축에 있는 위치를 정하게 할 수 있기 때문이다. 이미 시간축에서 명확한 위치를 나타낼 수 있는 성분이면 "在"를 사용할 필요가 없다. 셋째, "在"의 사용이 임의적인 경우에 사용하면 화자가 그 시간성분을 강조하는 의미를 나타낼 수 있다. "在"의 개념구조중에 사물이나 사건이 시간축과 접촉하는 위치를 나타내기 때문에 그 위치가 일정하므로 시간축에서 부각시킬 수 있는 것이다. This paper focuses on the occurance of "Zai" in the structure of "(Zai) + Time element ". Through the quantitative analysis of the given text, it is found that when the structure of "(Zai) + Time element" expresses the meaning of time, there are three types of "inclusive relationship", "contact relationship" and "segregation relationship" between the time of events and reference time. From the syntactic distribution, it mainly be located in front of the subject at the beginning of the sentence or in front of the predicate after the subject in the sentence. No matter in front of the subject at the beginning of the sentence or behind the subject in the sentence, the structure of "(Zai) +Time element" shows a higher rate of not using "Zai". However, if there are adverbs such as "jiu" and "Zheng" or verbs such as "Hui" and "NENG" before "(Zai) + Time element", the appearance of "Zai" is a kind of syntactic coercion. In "(Zai) + time", if the temporal meaning of the temporal component is not very clear, or it is strongly referential or accessible, and the modifier is more complex, then "Zai" will be used to highlight its temporal meaning, or "Zai" will be used to make it retreat into the background component, so as to highlight the subject component of some events. At the same time, we also find that whether the time element after the subject in the sentence uses "Zai" has a certain relationship with the subject. In other words, in addition to syntactic constraints, "Zai" used in "(Zai) + Time element" sometimes highlights the position of the reference object on the time axis, and sometimes highlights the position of the target object on the time axis. In the final analysis, it is the economic principle of human language that plays a role and is dominated by the economic principle of language.

“很”的语法化过程及认知机制

초팽염(JIAO, PENGYAN) 한국중어중문학회 2014 중어중문학 Vol.59 No.-

This paper that examines the degree adverb ? is showing how to evolute from a notional word to a degree adverb. First we analysis the internal semantic feature of the ?, then analysis the motivation of grammaticalization according to the characteristics of the syntactic position. We found that the structure of 形+ ? can be reanalysis into the structure of 形+?. In this process, the notional word semantic of ? is gradually weakened, indicates the degree of semantic gradually increased.

“很”類程度副詞語源義跨語言考察

焦彭琰(Jiao Pengyan) 중국어문학연구회 2018 중국어문학논집 Vol.0 No.111

In this paper, we considered the etymological meaning of the ‘很’ type adverbs of degree, and found the common semantic features of these kinds of vocabularies. Through cross-language research, we found that these similarities are based on the common cognitive mechanism of human beings. And with the cognitive mechanism of metonymy, the ‘很’ type adverbs of degree have completed the grammatical evolution from etymological meaning to degree meaning.

漢韓表“穿戴義”動詞語義演變特徵小考 - 以“穿”和“입다”爲中心

焦彭琰(Jiao Pengyan) 중국어문학연구회 2019 중국어문학논집 Vol.0 No.119

This thesis uses the Chinese verb “穿” and the Korean verb “입다” as the research object, and analyzes the etymology and derivation of the two verbs in the two languages. Based on the etymology of the Chinese verb “穿”, we construct a “crossing” motion event-frame. And according to the etymology of the Korean verb “입다”, the motion event-frame of “coverage” is constructed. Due to the difference between the conceptual framework and the cognitive focus, the derived semantics are also very different.

“X比Y<SUB>N</SUB>还W<SUB>N</SUB>”的句法、语义及语用特征小考

焦彭琰(Jiao, Pengyan) 한국중어중문학회 2019 中語中文學 Vol.- No.76

This paper investigates the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic features of the ‘X比YN还WN’ structure. We find that the ‘YN’ in ‘X比YN还WN’ uses a non-referential component to compare with X, and then expresses the characteristics of X on W. Moreover, because 还 has the characteristics of activating an expected sequence, the ‘YN’ must have highly identifiable characteristics and occupy an extreme position on the level of degree. The reduplication of nouns in this structure is to express more complex semantics, which accords with the cognitive motivation of quantitative iconicity.

현대 중국어 ‘別+VP+了+NP’ 구문 연구

焦彭琰(Jiao Pengyan),尹愛庚(Yoon, Ae-kyoung) 중국어문학연구회 2016 중국어문학논집 Vol.0 No.97

This paper explains the structure of ‘別+VP+了+NP’ in the modern Chinese. First we analysis the semantic feature of the ‘VP’ and semantic function of the ‘了’. By comparing with the structure of ‘別+VP+NP+了’, we can draw a meaning of the structure of ‘別+VP+了+NP’. And to conclude, the ‘VP’ in the structure of ‘別+VP+了+NP’ was restricted by the meaning of the structure of ‘別+VP+了+NP’. And more verbs can obtain the corresponding sentence semantics when they get into the structure of ‘別+VP+了+NP’.

頻度副詞與動態助詞“了”共現現象小考 - 以“x常+VP+了”爲中心

焦彭琰(Jiao Pengyan) 중국어문학연구회 2024 중국어문학논집 Vol.- No.147

In this paper, we systematically reviewed the co-occurrence phenomenon of ‘x常’ frequency adverbs and ‘le’ in modern Chinese, and explored methods for providing reasonable explanations. After investigation, we found that the co-occurrence types of ‘x常’ frequency adverbs and ‘le’ can mainly be divided into two types: ‘loose co-occurrence’ and ‘tight co-occurrence’. Among them, ‘loose co-occurrence’ and ‘le’ are not at the same syntactic level as frequency adverbs, and the verbs in this type are used more freely and almost unrestricted. ‘Tight co-occurrence’ is the main type discussed in this article. In this co-occurrence mode, verb structures mostly have semantic features of [- autonomy] and [-action], and the proportion of objects with semantic features of [- physical object] is also high. After analysis, we believe that there are two reasons for the co-occurrence of ‘le’ and ‘x常’ frequency adverbs: 1) Verb structures are mostly state type event types. Only by changing the character of ‘quantity’ through ‘le’ and making it a ‘discrete quantity’ with [+endpoint] characteristics can we achieve commonality with frequency adverbs. 2) In the ‘tight co-occurrence’ type, some frequency adverbs of the ‘x chang’ class also have a higher semantic expression of ‘relative frequency’, which means that the ‘le’ at this time is related to the preset condition, expressing the realization of a certain result under that condition, and the frequency adverb expresses the probability frequency of the fruit appearing.