Optimal Determination of the Fabrication Parameters in Focused Ion Beam for Milling Gold Nano Hole Array

조은별,권희민,이희선,여종석,Cho, Eun Byurl,Kwon, Hee Min,Lee, Hee Sun,Yeo, Jong-Souk The Korean Vacuum Society 2013 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.22 No.5

집속 이온빔 장비는 나노크기의 패턴을 제작하는 한 방법이지만, 정밀한 제작은 쉽지 않다. 그러므로 집속 이온빔 장비로 샘플을 제작할 때 고려해야 하는 공정 조건을 정리하여 초보자도 샘플제작이 가능하도록 도움을 주고자 한다. 본 장비로 원하는 나노크기의 패턴을 제작하기 위해서 집속 이온빔 장비의 공정변수들을 최적화 하는 과정이 중요하다. 가공할 때 고려해야 하는 변수에는 빔 전류량(빔 크기)과 도즈(빔 지속시간)가 있다. 도즈를 결정한 후에 패턴을 제작하는데 걸리는 시간과 패턴의 크기를 고려하여 빔 전류량을 선택하면 된다. 여기서 도즈는 제작하려는 나노크기의 패턴의 금속 두께에 따라 결정이 된다. 이 논문에서 최적화한 1 pA의 빔 전류와 $0.1nC/{\mu}m^2$의 도즈의 공정조건에서 100 nm 두께의 금 박막 위에 타원형의 구멍을 정밀하게 제작할 수 있다. Though focused ion beam (FIB) is one of the candidates to fabricate the nanoscale patterns, precision milling of nanoscale structures is not straightforward. Thus this poses challenges for novice FIB users. Optimal determination in FIB parameters is a crucial step to fabricate a desired nanoscale pattern. There are two main FIB parameters to consider, beam current (beam size) and dose (beam duration) for optimizing the milling condition. After fixing the dose, the proper beam current can be chosen considering both total milling time and resolution of the pattern. Then, using the chosen beam current, the metal nano hole structure can be perforated to the required depth by varying the dose. In this experiment, we found the adequate condition of $0.1nC/{\mu}m^2$ dose at 1 pA Ga ion beam current for 100 nm thickness perforation. With this condition, we perforated the periodic square array of elliptical nano holes.

경혈학실습 체제적 교수설계를 위한 RPISD 모형 적용 연구

조은별,김재효,홍지성,Cho, Eunbyul,Kim, Jae-Hyo,Hong, Jiseong 경락경혈학회 2022 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.39 No.3

Objectives : Instructional design is the systematic approach to the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation of learning materials and activities. We aimed to apply the rapid prototyping to instructional systems design (RPISD) in meridianology laboratory, a subject in which students train acupuncture to develop lesson plan. Methods : The needs of the stakeholders including client, subject matter expert and students were analyzed using the performance needs analysis model. Task analysis was implemented by observation and interview. First prototype was drafted and implemented in meridianology laboratory class once. The second prototype was modified from the first, by usability evaluation of the stakeholders. Results : The client requested an electronically documented manual to improve the quality of acupuncture training. The learner requested an extension of practice time and detailed practice guidelines. The main problems of students' performance were some cases of violation of clean needle technique, the lack of communication between the operator and recipient in direct, and lack of confidence in their own performance. Stakeholders were generally satisfied with the proposed first prototype. Second prototype of lesson plan was produced by modifying some contents. Conclusions : A lesson plan was developed by applying the systematic RPISD model. It is expected that the developed instructional design may contribute to the quality improvement of meridianology laboratory education.

골절에 한약을 적용한 한의학 증례보고 문헌고찰

조은별(Eun-Byul Cho),심상송(Sang-Song Shim),한용민(Young-Min Han),안재윤(Jae-Yoon Ahn) 대한모유수유한의학회 2020 nipple confusion,breastfeeding consultation,IBCLC, Vol.1 No.1

Objectives: The purpose of this literature review was to research fracture cases treated with herbal medicine in Korea. The analysis was focused on the fracture site, outcome measure, herbal medicine decoction and medicinal herbs. Methods: We searched case reports of fractures treated with Korean medicine, published since 2011 until 2020 November, in five Korean databases. The key words Fracture (in Korean and English) and Case (in Korean) were used to obtain the data. Studies that did not use herbal medicine and studies that did not indicate medicinal herbs were excluded. Results: Numeric rating scale or visual analog scale were used in 34 cases. Among the 35 case reports, the most used herbal medicine, Dangguisu-san was reported in 8 cases. Sipjeondaebo-tang, Bojungikgi-tang, Samul-tang were used in 3 cases. Common reasons for using the herbal medicine were pain and swelling control (20 cases), bones and muscles strengthening ( 17 cases), blood circulation (15 cases), and bone healing ( 6 cases). Conclusion: In Korean medical case reports, imaging tests and various evaluation methods are used to diagnose fractures. Appropriate treatment methods and herbal medicine prescriptions are used according to the patient s symptoms and the stage of fracture healing. Various case reports of fractures and additional experimental, clinical studies on the specific effects of herbal medicines on the bone fusion process are needed in the future.

공중보건분야 치과위생사의 직무교육 인식도

조은별 ( Eun Pyol Cho ),황윤숙 ( Yoon Sook Hwang ),김영남 ( Young Nam Kim ),박덕영 ( Deok Young Park ) 한국치위생학회 2009 한국치위생학회지 Vol.9 No.1

『땃뜨바쌍그라하』 1213-1217에서 분별(kalpanā)의 의미

조은별(Cho, Eunbyeol) 불교학연구회 2019 불교학연구 Vol.61 No.-

디그나가(Dignāga, ca. 480-540) 이후 불교도들은 지각(現量, pratyakṣa)을 정의할 때, ‘분별을 배제한 것’(kalpanāpoḍha)이라는 견해를 기본적으로 유지한다. 이후 다르마끼르띠(Dharmakīrti, ca. 600-660)는 지각이 분별을 배제한 것일 뿐만 아니라 ‘착오가 아닌 것’(abhrānta)이라고 덧붙이며, 또한 분별에 대해서는 ‘언어표현을 가진 인식’이라고 설명한다. 지각과 분별에 대한 다르마끼르띠의 부가적 정의는 이후 다양한 해석학적 논의를 발생시킨다. 샨따락쉬따(Śāntarakṣita, ca. 725-788)의 『땃뜨바쌍그라하』(Tattvasaṃgraha)와 그에 대한 까말라쉴라(Kamalaśīla, ca. 740-795)의 주석에서는 ‘언어표현을 가진 인식’이라는 정의를 해명하는 데 상당한 노력을 기울이고 있다. 특히 이들은 문법학자 바르뜨르하리(Bhartṛhari, ca. 450-510)의 『바꺄빠디야』(Vākyapadīya)에 나타난 견해를 차용하여, 언어표현을 직접적으로 동반하지 않더라도 분별이 작동하고 있다는 사실을 다음 세 가지 근거를 통해 확립한다. (1) 말을 배우지 않은 아기들도 분별을 통한 활동방식(itikartavyatā)에 익숙하다. (2) 생각하고 상상하는 등의 분별은 언어에 의해 꿰뚫린 것처럼 그 필연적인 관계가 부정될 수 없다. (3) 분별에 의해서 언어와 지시대상이 고정적 관계를 맺고 있는 것처럼 보이는 언어사용(vyavahāra)이 발생한다. 이를 통해 그들은 언어표현이 실제적으로 나타나지 않는 영역까지 분별의 외연을 더욱 폭넓게 설정하고 있으며, 궁극적으로는 언어와 지시대상의 관계가 착오(bhrānta)에 기반하고 있다는 점을 밝힌다. 이러한 접근은 디그나가가 불교 인식논리학을 체계화한 이후로 발생한 불교 안팎의 쟁점들을 수렴하여 통합적인 이론적 틀을 제시하려는 시도로 볼 수 있다. The perception (pratyakṣa) is generally considered to be a means of valid cognition (pramāṇa) but its definition (lakṣaṇa) varies across Indian intellectual traditions. After Dignāga (ca. 480-540), Buddhists basically accepted the definition of perception that it is free from conceptualization (kalpanāpoḍha; Pramāṇasamuccaya 1.3c). Dharmakīrti (ca. 600-660) follows Dignāga s definition in his Pramāṇavārttika 3; however, in the Nyāyabindu 1.4-5 and the Pramāṇaviniścaya 1.4a-c, he states perception is not only free from conceptualization but also non-erroneous (abhrānta). In addition, Dharmakīrti defines conceptualization (kalpanā) as cognition with verbal expression (abhilāpinī pratītiḥ). The Tattvasaṃgraha (TS) of Śāntarakṣita (ca. 725-788) and its commentary, the Tattvasaṃgrahapañjikā (TSP) of Kamalaśīla (ca. 740-795) made significant efforts to explain Dharmakīrti s definition of conceptualization. In particular, they explained that conceptualization functions even in cognition without verbal contents by borrowing the views expressed Vākyapadīya chapter 1 Brahmakāṇḍa of Bhartṛhari (ca. 450-510). In TS 1214-1217, Śāntarakṣita establishes that conceptualization is directly or indirectly related to verbal expression on the following three points: (1) Even an infant who has not learned to speak is accustomed to the behavior pattern (itikartavyatā). (2) The linguistic nature of conceptual activities such as thinking and imagining cannot be denied. (3) The use of language (vyavahāra) in which word and its referent seems to have a fixed relationship is caused by conceptualization. In this manner, Śāntarakṣita extended the scope of conceptualization. According to him, conceptualization is not just cognition with verbal expression, but it encompasses speechless cognition since conceptualization occurs as if having verbal expression (sābhilāpeva; TS 1214).

방사선 투시검사로 인한 만성 방사선 피부염

조은별 ( Eun Byul Cho ),송병한 ( Byong Han Song ),박은주 ( Eun Joo Park ),권인호 ( In Ho Kwon ),김광호 ( Kwang Ho Kim ),김광중 ( Kwang Joong Kim ) 대한피부과학회 2012 대한피부과학회지 Vol.50 No.7

Fluoroscopy-induced chronic radiation dermatitis (FICRD) is a cutaneous disorder that results from prolonged exposure to ionizing radiation during interventional procedures. With the expanded use of interventional procedures, there is increased fluoroscopic exposure. However, diagnosis and treatment of such disorder remain difficult. Herein, we report on a case of FICRD that occurred in the right subscapular area. (Korean J Dermatol 2012;50(7):614∼ 617)

구강편평태선을 동반한 천공성 광택태선

조은별 ( Eun Byul Cho ),이영숙 ( Young Wook Lee ),박은주 ( Eun Joo Park ),권인호 ( In Ho Kwon ),조희진 ( Hee Jin Cho ),감광호 ( Kwang Ho Kim ),김광중 ( Kwang Joong Kim ) 대한피부과학회 2010 대한피부과학회지 Vol.48 No.11

Lichen planus is an unique, common inflammatory disorder that affects the skin, mucous membranes, nails and hair. Oral lichen planus is among the more common mucosal conditions with an unknown etiology. Lichen nitidus is an uncommon, usually asymptomatic cutaneous eruption that is characterized by the presence of multiple, small, flesh colored papules. Perforation in lichen nitidus is a rare phenomenon. Lichen nitidus is distinguished from lichen planus on both clinical and histologic grounds. However, the possibility that lichen nitidus represents a micropapular variant of lichen planus has never been definitively excluded. Herein, we report on a case of perforating lichen nitidus associated with oral lichen planus. (Korean J Dermatol 2010;48(11):1012∼1015)

부모의 코칭리더십이 고등학생 자녀의 그릿에 미치는 영향: 심리적 임파워먼트의 매개효과

조은별 ( Eun-byul Cho ),탁진국 ( Jin-kook Tak ) 한국청소년학회 2022 청소년학연구 Vol.29 No.11

The purpose of this study is to elucidate the causal mechanism that parental coaching leadership leads to children's grit through psychological empowerment for high school students, and the mediating effect of psychological empowerment in the relationship between parental coaching leadership and grit was investigated. For this purpose, parental coaching leadership, psychological empowerment, and grit were measured for 313 high school students across the country. For data analysis, mediating effects were verified using SPSS 25.0 SPSS Macro Process 4.1. As a result of the study, it was found that psychological empowerment had a mediating effect on the relationship between parental coaching leadership and grit. This study is the first study on parental coaching leadership, and it is meaningful in that it is the first study to reveal that coaching leadership mediates psychological empowerment and affects grit even in the relationship between parents and children, not at work. The results of this study suggest that education and experience should be provided to improve the psychological empowerment of high school children along with the development of programs to improve parents' coaching leadership and the spread of coaching culture in the home.

Sauve-Kapandji 수술 후 한방재활치료에 대한 증례보고

조은별(Eun-Byul Cho),금지혜(Ji-Hye Geum),백동기(Dong-Gi Baek),이정한(Jung-Han Lee) 척추신경추나의학회 2019 척추신경추나의학회지 Vol.14 No.1

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to report the clinical progress of a patient exposed to a Sauve-Kapandji procedure after being diagnosed with dislocation of distal radioulnar joint and was treated using Korean medicine rehabilitation treatment. Methods : During the admission period, the patient was treated with acupuncture, cupping, herbal medicine, and Chuna therapy. The clinical progress was assessed by using range of motion(ROM), manual muscle test(MMT), numeric rating scale(NRS), and pain disability index(PDI). Results : After receiving the above treatments, the active ROM and motor grade of the elbow, wrist, and finger joints were improved; the NRS and PDI were decreased. Conclusions : Although this is a single case report, Korean medicine rehabilitation treatment, including Chuna manual therapy, might be an effective intervention for a patient after being exposed to a Sauve-Kapandji procedure.

디지털 증거에 있어 ‘동일성’·‘무결성’의 증거법적 검토

조은별(Cho, Eun-Byul) 한국형사법학회 2021 刑事法硏究 Vol.33 No.4

판례는 디지털증거의 증거능력 요건으로 ‘동일성’과 ‘무결성’을 언급한다. 그런데 동일성과 무결성에 대한 학계 논의를 살펴보면 ‘동일성’을 진정성이라는 용어로 나타내기도 하고, 또는 ‘무결성’을 진정성이라고 하기도 하며, ‘동일성’을 무결성으로 표현하기도 한다. 디지털 증거에 있어 ‘동일성’과 ‘무결성’을 요구하는 법적 근거가 뚜렷하지 않다 보니, 법을 근거로 해석론을 전개하는 것이 아니라 용어를 중심으로 해석론을 전개함으로써 야기되는 문제라고 보여진다. 또한 이미 체계적인 입론을 구축하고 있는 미연방증거규칙 제901조를 전제로 해석하는 경우가 많은데, 이 때 제901조에 등장하는 ‘Authentication’ 및 ‘Identification’에 대한 제대로 된 이해 없이 번역된 용어를 통해 논의를 진행하는 것 역시 이유 중 하나이다. 이와 같이 사용하는 용어와 개념 자체가 통일되어 있지 않다보니 디지털 증거의 증거능력에 대한 올바른 고찰을 제시하지 못하고 오히려 혼동을 야기하는 경우도 발생한다. 따라서 ‘동일성’과 ‘무결성’에 관한 논의를 전개하고자 한다면, 일단 미국에서의 ‘Authentication’과 ‘Identification’의 개념을 정립하고 우리나라에서 쓰이는 용어와의 얽힌 타래를 풀어내는 일이 선행되어야 한다. 그 이후에는 ‘동일성’과 ‘무결성’이 디지털 증거에 있어 증거능력 요건으로 요구되는 이유 및 우리 법체계를 살펴 그에 부합하는 정의를 내려야 할 것이다. 그리고 이를 증거능력 요건으로 포섭시킬 수 있는 법적 근거를 밝혀 우리 증거법 내에서 ‘동일성’과 ‘무결성’이 차지하는 위치를 명확히 할 필요가 있다. 그런데 판례는 주로 동일성 및 무결성의 구체적인 입증방법에 그 논의가 집중되어 있으며, 그 외의 부분에 있어 법원의 태도를 체계화시켜 이해할 수 있을만한 사례가 충분히 누적되어 있지 않다. 따라서 현재로서는 형사정책적 판단을 전제로 하는 한편 관련 사례가 충분히 누적되어 있는 미국에서의 논의를 참고로 할 수밖에 없는데, 이 때 무조건적으로 미국의 논의를 받아들일 것이 아니라 우리 법제와도 조화될 수 있는 것인지 여부를 살펴 신중하게 살펴보는 태도가 필요할 것이다. Courts refer to ‘Authentication’ and ‘Integrity’ as the admissibility requirements of digital evidence. However, if we look at the academic discussions on these, scholars mix these words with each other or with other concepts. This is a problem caused by the fact that the legal basis for demanding ‘Authentication’ and ‘Integrity’ in digital evidence is not clear, so theory is not developed based on the law, but centered on terms. In addition, scholars often proceed the discussion citing Rule 901 of the Federal Rules of Evidence which is acknowledged establishing solid view on this topic, without much accurate understanding about it. As such, since the terms and concepts used are not unified, it becomes impossible to provide a correct insight into the admissibility of evidence of digital evidence, but rather causes confusion. Therefore, in order to develop a discussion on Authentication and Integrity , it must be preferentially preceded by establishing the concept of terms used in Article 901 of the Federal Rules of Evidence and unraveling the entanglement with terms used in Korea. After that, a definition of ‘Authentication’ and ‘Integrity’ should be made by looking at the both the reasons why these are required as requirements for admissibility of evidence in digital evidence and the structure of our legal system. And it is necessary to clarify the position of Authentication’ and Integrity in our Evidence Law by finding the legal basis that can embrace these. However, the issues of legal cases are mainly focused on how to satisfy the requirements of Authentication’ or Integrity , and there are not enough cases to analyze and understand the court s attitude in other areas. Therefore, at the present time, it’s inevitable to refer to the discussion in the United States, where related cases have been sufficiently accumulated. However, we should keep in mind that rather than unconditionally accepting the US discussion, it will be necessary to carefully examine whether it can be harmonized with our legal system.