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이주령(Lee Joo-ryung) 한국어문교육학회 2005 어문학교육 Vol.30 No.-
The purpose of this Study is to find the aspects of communication in the classroom through analysis on linguistic interaction of introductory conversations between teacher and students. I divided the part of introductive conversations into a general process of class, the function of language, the analysis on conversation, and so on, then I interpreted their meanings. First, I classified the proceeded aspects of introductory conversations into greeting each other, reviewing things that students learned before, checking the state of preparation for the lesson, motivating students to participate in the class work actively, and showing the object of study. There was 'Showing the Object of Study' in every class, but the other process was often omitted. In general, a teacher asks students, and then students answer to the question in the classroom. This was the difference between conversations in the classroom and general conversations that most of attendees participated in on an equal footing. The second, I investigated the function of language and the structure of sentences, and I classified them into the function of transmitting information, ordering, expression, and showing intimacy The function of ordering that a teacher had students read or present something in most cases was used in class. The next function used much in the classroom was the function of expression and showing intimacy in order to explain contents to students or make the students understand those, to generate active attendance and pleasure, to make them remind something that the teacher spoke or taught and to emphasize something. Interrogative and imperative sentences in the view of the structure of sentences were mainly used. Conversations in the classroom had specialties that were colloquial and literary simultaneously. I found the sign of changing a subject much when a teacher proceeded the next step in class. The last, I classified introductive conversations in the view of analysis on conversation into Act, Move, Exchange, Topic and so on. Frequency of Act with teacher was Motivating, Ordering and Informing in order, but Act with students were mainly response. Because teacher first asked pupils a question in introductive conversations in most occasions and then the pupils responded to the question, Starting Move was found to teacher, and Responding Move was mostly found to Pupils. Teacher's ordering, motivating, confirming, restarting, and summing in the aspects of Exchange was found in most cases but the aspects were often a little different. When I summed up the three aspects above mentioned, the process of class and the aspects of analysis on conversations were similar. When I investigated the aspects of the function of language and procedure in class, the aspects of the function of language in the process of class were almost similar. I also found Act depending on the function of language was nearly similar. I tried to reveal the shape of introductive conversations in real Korean language class and analyze using language between teacher and students. I also tried to reveal the function and structure of which language was used in class, then analyze conversations through the revealed function and structure and describe that. I expect that this study would help teachers to understand the linguistic aspects of conversations in class that teachers couldn't correctly understand before, objectively and systematically, especially about introductive conversations, although teachers always do in the classroom.
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이주령,안병철,정신영,이재태,이규보 대한핵의학회 2003 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.37 No.2
목적 : 갑상선 절제술을 받은 분화 갑상선암 환자의 경우 잔여 갑상선 조직이나 전이 병소를 찾기 위해서는 진단적 I-131 스캔이 주로 사용되고 있으나, I-131 스캔은 갑상선 호르몬 중지가 필요하고, 방사성 옥소 투여후 2~3일에 영상을 얻어야 하며, 기절 현상이 발생할 수 있다는 점 등의 단점이 있다. 이에 비하여 Tc-99m 스캔은 검사가 용이하고 영상의 질이 좋아 진단적 I-131 스캔을 대체할 수 있을 지에 대한 논란이 있다. 이에 저자들은 고용량 방사성옥소 치료 후 시행한 I-131 스캔을 기준으로 하여 치료전 시행한 Tc-99m 스캔의 진단성능을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 갑상선 절제술을 받은 분화 갑상선암 환자 135명을 대상 (여: 114, 연령: 45±15.3세)으로 하였고, 방사성옥소 치료 병력이 있는 환자는 23명 (1회 16명, 2회 4명, 3회 3명)이었다. 갑상선 호르몬 복용을 4주간 중단한 후 370 MBq의 Tc-99m pertechnetate를 정맥주사 한 20분 후에 전경부의 평면 및 바늘구멍 Tc-99m 스캔 영상을 얻었고, 3.7~7.4 GBq의 I-131 옥소를 경구 복용한 3일 후 전경부 평면 및 바늘구멍 I-131 스캔 영상을 얻었다. Tc-99m 스캔과 I-131 스캔은 최대 7일 간격이내에 시행되었다. 영상의 판독은 두명의 핵의학 전문의가 함께 합의에 의하여 시간적으로 섭취여부 및 섭취부위의 개수를 구하였다. 결과 : 대상 환자 모두는 혈청 TSH는 30㎖U/L 이상으로, 갑상선 기능저하증 상태에 있었다. 전체 환자 135명 가운데 65명 (48.1%)에서 Tc-99m 스캔과 I-131 스캔이 불일치 소견을 보였다. 두 스캔사이에 불일치를 보인 환자 가운데 23명 (35.4%)은 Tc-99m 스캔에서는 전경부 방사능 섭취부위가 발견되지 않았으나 I-131 스캔에서 옥소 섭취부위가 발견된 경우이며, 42명 (64.6%)은 Tc-99m 스캔보다 I-131 스캔에서 전경부옥소 섭취부위가 더 많이 발견되었다. 방사성 옥소치료병력이 없는 환자 112명 가운데 51명 (45.5%)은 Tc-99m 스캔과 I-131 스캔이 불일치 소견을 보였다. 이들 가운데 Tc-99m 스캔에서 전경부 방사능 섭취부위가 발견되지 않았던 11명 가운데 9명 (81.8%)은 I-131 스캔에서 옥소 섭취부위가 발견되었다. 수술후 방사성옥소 치료를 받은 병력이 있는 전체 23명은 Tc-99m 스캔상 전경부 섭취부위가 발견되지 않았으나, 이들 중 14명 (60.9%)은 I-131 스캔에서 전경부의 옥소 섭취부위가 나타났었다. 결론 : 이상의 결과로 보아 분화 갑상선암 환자의 수술후 잔여 갑상선조직이나 전이병소를 평가시 Tc-99m 스캔은 고용량의 방사성 옥소 치료후 얻은 I-131 스캔을 기준으로 볼때 진단적 예민도가 낮았으며, 특히, 방사성 옥소 치료병력을 가진 환자의 경우, 진단적 유용성이 없는 것으로 생각된다. Purpose : To evaluate diagnostic sensitivity of nuclear imaging in the detection of residual thyroid tissue and metastatic lesion, we have compared neck scintigrams with Tc-99m pertechnetate (Tc-99m scan) and high dose I-131 iodide (I-131 scan) in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Subjects and Methods : One hundred thirty-five thyroidectomized patients for differentiated thyroid cancer were enrolled in this study. Twenty-three had a previous history of radioiodine Therapy. Planar and pin-hole images of anterior neck with Tc-99m were acquired at 20 minutes after injection, followed by I-131 scan three days after high-dose radioiodine therapy within 7 days interval. Patients were asked to discontinue thyroid hormone replacement more than 4 weeks. Results : All subjects were in hypothyroid state. Seventy out of 135 patients (51.9%) showed concordant findings between Tc-99m and I-131 scans. I-131 scan showed higher number of uptake foci in all of 65 patients showing discordant finding. Tc-99m scan showed no thyroid bed uptake in 34 patients, whereas 23 of them (67.6%) showed bed uptake in I-131 scan. Tc-99m scan did not show any uptake in thyroid bed in 11 or 112 patients without previous history of radioiodine therapy, but 9 of them showed bed uptake in I-131 scan. Tc-99m scan showed no bed uptake in all of the 23 patients with previous history of radioiodine therapy, in contrast 14 of them (60.9%) showed bed uptake in I-131 scan. Conclusion : These results suggest that Tc-99m scan has poor detectability for residual thyroid tissue or metastatic lesion in thyroidectomized differentiated thyroid cancer patients, compared to high dose I-131 therapy scan. Tc-99m scan could not detect any remnant tissue or metastatic lesion in patients with previous history of radioiodine treatment, especially.
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