高齡者の觀光に關連した地域活動への參加の意義に關する硏究 : Research for effects of the participation of the older Japanese to social activity related tourism

이걸재 立敎大學 2002 해외박사

The purpose of this research is to identify the significance of effects of the participation of the old Japanese to social activity related tourism. This study is developed to consider both the position of local community administration which provides the old with the opportunities to play a role and the position of the old as participants. The following summaries are based on each chapter of this research. Chapter 1 This chapter is about backgrounds and purpose of the study. And also clarify the position of this research by analyzing the research trend about the old related to the tourism. At the end of this chapter, the operational definition of terminology used in this research is introduced. Chapter 2 This chapter identify the academic position of this study. First of all, the significance of the old is investigated based on the relationship between the old and the society and therefore, the old can be classified as main actors or objects of the society depend on times and society circumstances. Especially, in tourism, the old is considered as main actors in society regardless of whether they are `Guest olds' as tourists or `Host olds' who welcome tourists in sightseeing places. The study of the old in the existing tourism study is focused on the old who usually travel. However recently the study of the old Japanese who participate in social activity related tourism is more emphasized, considering the increased number of the old who participate in the local tourist programs and the recent urgent need of social participation by the old Japanese. In the study of the old Japanese, the field of social psychology is generally divided into two field, finding out reasons o! f the happy old and developing the barometer to measure the happy old. Especially in this field, there are lots of investigation about the relation between the participation of the old and the happy period of the old. However, they are more focusing on developing the barometer to measure the happy old than on the conditions of the happy old. This main features of this research are; firstly, suggesting the new direction about the study of the old in tourism, secondly, reemphasize the old as main actors in the society, and thirdly, clearly shows that the participation of the old Japanese to the local community related tourism is the definite condition of the happy old. Chapter 3 This chapter shows the research on the actual condition about participating in the social activity related tourism by the old Japanese. This actual condition is based on the macro-position, covering the each area of Japan. Especially, the survey includes a questionnaire focusing on the areas awarded 'MACHITUKURI' executed by the Japanese government. As the result, eighty per! cent of the area answered that the old participated in the program, MACHITUKURI. The program is mainly consist of historical and traditional culture and executed by the method of preservation and restoration. Most areas shows high level of an advanced age. Besides, people use arts, the examples of modified programs, and related events to influence on the 'MACHITUKURI'. Chapter 4 To participate in the social activity by the old Japanese, the host who provide those opportunities is necessary. Therefore, more detailed feature of those opportunities are reconsidered based on the viewpoint of the host. This chapter is a case study which contains examples of activities of fifty eight old people in the 22nd area. They found the following characteristics. 1. The activities of the old: 1) Guide type 2) Performance type 3) Sales type 4) Maintenance type 5) Administrator type 6) Merchandise making type 2. The position of the host: 1) Using the talents of the old 2) Providing the finance source to the old 3) Helping the organizing the community of the old 4) Providing the opportunities of participation to the old to the public activities in the local area. 3. Methods to provide the old with participating in the local community activities: 1) By the local union 2) By the local administration 3) By the cooperation between the local union and administration. Based on the above characteristics, the participating program by the old Japanese can be divided into four types: 1) Duty type (8 cases) 2) The old club type (20 cases) 3) Cultivating the sales route type (10 cases) 4) Human resource center type (10 cases). Chapter 5 This chapter is the first stage which identify the significance of the participation of the old Japanese to the social activity related tourism and investigated the effects of 'MACHI TUKURI', which includes the participating activity by the old Japanese. Those effects are measured by twenty three contents. As the result, 1) In historical type of 'MACHI TUKURI', there is relation between the effects of local culture preservation and the effects of participation to the social activity by the people 2) In art type of 'MACH TUKURI', there is relation between the effects of participation to the social activity by the people and the effects of the local environment! preservation. 3) In natural type of 'MACHI TUKURI', there is relation between the effects of improvement on social basis, the effects of development on tourism business, and the effects of the local environment preservation. Especially, the level of those effects turn out bigger with the participation of the old Japanese than without the participation of the old one. Therefore, the participation of the old Japanese improve the effects of the 'MACHI TUKURI'. Chapter 6 In the previous chapters, most details were focused on the significance from the viewpoint of the local area and the host regarding the significance of participation of the old Japanese to the social activity related tourism. In this chapter, the significance of the participation to the social activity is considered from the viewpoint of the old Japanese as participants. Surveys are conducted to the old club as a questionnaire about the consciousness related participation to the social activity and characteristics of participating to the social activity. As a result, the highest level of feature is supportive attitude and the second one is interchange attitude, last one is self-development attitude. Among them attitude for economic activity shows a little. Then, thirty three kinds of social activities in which the old Japanese participate are classified as four contents: 1) how frequently they participate in 2) how far they live from the social activity area 3) do they need special skills to participate in? 4) do they work together with someone? As a consequence, those are divided into four different activities: 1) ordinary type activity 2) event type activity 3) LIKE type activity 4) business trip type activity. Among them, especially social activity related tourism is mostly founded in event! type and ordinary type activity. Activities related social welfare are mainly founded in business trip type activity. Chapter 7 This chapter is analyzed the effects of the significance on the participation to social activity related tourism by the old Japanese from the viewpoint of the old Japanese as participants. Surveys are mainly conducted as a questionnaire and interview to the old Japanese who do social activities in IWATE Ken TOHNO City. Analysis was focusing on the participating attitude to the social activity in sightseeing area by the old Japanese, evaluation on the satisfaction level about participating activities, and feedback of effects to successful aging by the satisfaction of participation activities. During analysis, factor analysis and multiple regression analysis are adapted to analyze those contents. First of all, as a result of analyzing factors on participating consciousness to social activity in sightseeing area, there are such four different participating consciousness as interchange-activity type, leisure-activity type, economic activity type, and social-contribution activity type. Especially, interchange-activity type are founded in facility maintenance group or the group participating with the old farmers group at least more than ten times per month, young-old group who are under seventy years old. Leisure-activity type are mainly founded in the group which participate in more than ten times per month and the group without occupation. Economic activity type is prominent in the group with occupation. Lastly, social-contribution activity type is mostly founded in facility maintenance group or the group participating with the old farmers group at least more than ten times per month, old-old group who are over seventy years old, male group. Satisfaction evaluation about participating activity are done, such as leisure satisfaction, recreation satisfaction, interchange satisfaction, service satisfaction, and economic satisfaction. As a consequence, leisure satisfaction are mostly founded in male group, the old Japanese group over seventy years old, and the group which participate many times in social activities in sightseeing area. Recreation satisfaction is prominent in the group which participate many times in social activities in sightseeing area. Interchange satisfaction is mainly founded in the old Japanese group under seventy years old, and the group which participate many times in social activities in sightseeing area. Service satisfaction is founded in the group which participate many times in social activities in sightseeing area and the group without occupation. Economic satisfaction is prominent in t! he group with occupation and the group which play or instruct the culture. There is result which shows that the evaluation on the satisfaction about participating activity to sightseeing area has a great influence on the successful aging of the old Japanese. Above all, interchange satisfaction is the most influential factor to the successful aging to the old Japanese. Another results shows that leisure satisfaction, recreation satisfaction, interchange satisfaction, and service satisfaction are basic conditions of the successful aging and otherwise, economic satisfaction is the expected condition of the successful aging of the old Japanese. Chapter 8 As the result of the above, this research contribute to open the new concept in tourism for the study of the old Japanese. Furthermore, as far as the significance of participating to social activity related tourism by the old Japanese concerned, this research deals synthetically with the local area related social activity, the host, and the participants. Especially, this research shows: 1) there are various social activities in which the old Japanese can participate among the local activities in areas related tourism 2) interchange with people is one of the important factors which enable the old Japanese to participate in social activity. Conclusively, tourism which provide meeting with new people, interchange within the same group, and meeting with the other generation is the most meaningful one and let the old Japanese lead their life happily.