돼지의 단백질과 에너지 요구량결정에 관한 연구 3 . 비육돈의 단백질과 에너지 요구량에 관한 연구

유문일,한인규 ( Moon I . Yoo,In K . Han ) 한국축산학회 1982 한국축산학회지 Vol.24 No.2

This experiments were conducted to investigate the dietary protein and energy requirements of finishing swine (60-100㎏). The experimental groups were divided into 9 groups combining three levels of dietary protein (High, Medium, and Low level) and three levels of digestible energy (High, Medium, and Low level) based on the nutrient requirements of swine in NRC (1973). The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Although there were significant differences in daily gain and feed efficiency (P $lt; 0.01), the optimum levels of dietary protein and digestible energy were 12% and 3,300㎉/㎏, respectively. Daily gain was decreased and feed efficiency was depressed as the levels of dietary protein and energy were decreased. Feed intake was also decreased as the level of dietary protein was decreased from 14 to 10% but did not show any consistent tendency by the level of dietary energy. 2. The digestibility for crude protein, crude fat and crude fiber of experimental diets fed during phase 5 tended to decreased as the level of dietary protein was decreased. But the digestibility of crude protein, crude fat and crude fiber were not affected by the levels of dietary energy 3. Dressing percentage, carcass length, lean-meat percentage and back fat thickness were not significantly different among groups, but there was significant difference in loin eye area among groups (P $lt; 0.05). Dressing percentage, carcass length and lean-meat percentage were not affected by the levels of dietary protein and energy, but back fat thickness tended to be decreased as the levels of dietary protein and energy were decreased. Back fat thickness was greatly affected by the level of dietary protein than that of energy. Loin eye area was enlarged as the level of dietary protein was increased and as the level of dietary energy was decreased. 4. The linear regression equations were derived from the data of feeding trials. The proper linear regression equations obtained from the present studies to calculate the protein and energy requirements are as follows: Y = 528.10 + 0.68X (Y = daily gain, X = protein intake) Y = 4.02 + 0.073X (Y =daily gain, AX = DE intake) The calculated daily protein and DE intake obtained from the equation were as follows: CP intake; 400g, DE intake; 10,904㎉, daily gain; 800g

육성비육돈에 대한 Virginiamycin 의 성장촉진효과

유문일,한인규,권관,손광수,강세원 ( M . I . Yoo,I . K . Han,K . Kwon,K . S . Sohn,S . W . Kang ) 한국축산학회 1985 한국축산학회지 Vol.27 No.5

This experiment was conducted to compare the growth promoting effect of virginiamycin with some other antibiotics available in Korea for growing-finishing swine. A total of 288 three way crossed hogs (LW × L × D or H) weighing an average 16 ㎏ were used in six treatments, consisting of control, virginiamycin (40ppm), flavomycin(10ppm), bacitracin(100 ppm), virginiamycin(20ppm) + colistine(4ppm) and Bacitracin(20ppm) + colistin(4ppm) groups, for a period of 114 days. Daily weight gain of virginiamycin fed group was considerably (p$lt;0.05) better than that of control group. However, there were no statistical differences among hogs fed different antibiotics. Feed intake as not affected by the addition of antibiotics. Feed efficiency of virginiamycin group was superior to that or control group, although no statistical differences were found among treatments. It seemed that hogs fed antibiotics utilized the dry matter, crude protein and crude fiber more efficiently than those fed control diet, without any significant differences among antibiotics fed groups. Digestible energy values and energy utilizability of antibiotics fed groups were better than those of control group.

돼지의 단백질과 에너지 요구량 결정에 관한 연구 2 . 육성돈의 단백질과 에너지 요구량에 관한 연구

유문일,한인규 ( Moon I . Yoo,In K . Han ) 한국축산학회 1982 한국축산학회지 Vol.24 No.2

A series of experiments were conducted to investigate the dietary protein and energy requirements of weanling pig and growing-finishing swine. Feeding periods were devided to three phases according to body weight (10 to 20㎏, 20 to 35㎏, 35 to 60㎏). The experimental groups were devided into 9 groups combining three levels of dietary protein (High, Medium, and Low level) and three levels of digestible energy (High, Medium, and Low level) based on the nutrient requirements of swine in NRC (1973). The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. In phase 2, the optimum levels of dietary and digestible energy in view of daily gain and feed efficiency were 18% and 3,300㎉/㎏, respectively. There were significant differences in the feed efficiency among groups (P $lt; 0.01) and tended to be improved with increasing levels of protein, where as energy level had no effect on feed efficiency. 2. In phase 3, the optimum levels of dietary protein and digestible energy were 16% and 3,100㎉/㎏ or above, respectively. There were highly significant differences in daily gain and feed efficiency among groups (P $lt; 0.01). Daily gain was gradually decreased as the levels of dietary protein was decreased from 18 to 14%, but was not affected by the level of dietary energy. Although there were significant differences among groups (P $lt; 0.05), no consistent tendency was found in feed intake by the levels of dietary protein and energy. Feed efficiency was depressed as the levels of dietary protein and energy were decreased. 3. In phase 4, the optimum levels of dietary protein and digestible energy were 14% and 3,300㎉/㎏, respectively. Feed intake was slightly increased as the Level of dietary protein was decreased but was not affected by the levels of dietary energy. There were significant differences in feed efficiency among groups, which was depressed as the levels of protein and energy were decreased. Requirements are as follows: 1) Linear regression equations between daily gain (Y) and protein intake (X) Phase 2 : Y = 388.32 + 0.89 X Phase 3 : Y = 4.28 + 2.55 X Phase 4 : Y = 197.83 + 1.73X 2) Linear regression equations between daily gain (Y) and DE intake (X) Phase 2 : Y = 377.39 + 0.053 X Phase 3 : Y = 58.90 + 0.120 X Phase 4 : Y = 269.71 + 0.070 X The calculated daily protein and energy intake obtained from the present studies were as follows: Phase 2 : CP intake ; 1598, DE intake ; 2,800㎉, daily gain ; 530g Phase 3 : CP intake ; 234g, DE intake ; 4,509㎉, daily gain ; 600g Phase 4 : CP intake ; 319g, DE intake ; 6,861㎉, daily gain ; 750g 4. The linear regression equations were derived from the data of feeding trials. The proper linear regressopms obtained from the present studies to calculated the protein and energy requirements are as follows:

가축분의 사료화를 위한 연구 5 . 산란계에 대한 건조계분 및 돈분의 사료가치 시험

유문일,정천용,한인규 ( Moon l . Yoo,Chon Y . Chung,In K . Han ) 한국축산학회 1977 한국축산학회지 Vol.19 No.5

This experiment was conducted to study the nutritive values of dried hen manure and pig manure in laying hen rations. Wheat bran and corn were partially replaced by the .dried animal wastes mentioned above in the rations of laying hens of Shaver strain and 336 hens were received the experimental diets for 12 weeks. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Feeding dried poultry waste and pig manure upto 15% had no effect on the egg production rate, average daily feed intake and feed efficiency. 2. Inclusion of dried hen manure and pig manure at the level of 10 percent did not influence egg weight. However, inclusion of 15 percent of animal wastes slightly reduced egg weight. 3. There were no significant differences between treatments in the shell thickness and Haugh units. The color of egg yolk was significantly(P$lt;0.05) affected only by the inclusion of 15 percent pig manure in the lay ing rations. 4. Utilizability of dry matter of hens fed 15% pig manure was slightly lower than other groups. Data revealed that utilizability of crude fat was highly improved when animal fat (tallow) was included. Based upon the above results, it may be concluded that the inclusion of dried hen manure and pig manure upto 15% in the rations of layer would have no adverse, effects on the laying performance and the egg qualities.

가축분의 사료화를 위한 연구 1 . Broiler 사료에 있어서 건조계분·조사료분석말혼합 사료에 의한 강부류 대치시험

유문일,한인규,백인기 ( Moon I . Yoo,In K . Han,In K . Paik ) 한국축산학회 1975 한국축산학회지 Vol.17 No.5

가축분의 사료화를 위한 연구 2 . 육성돈사료에 있어서 건조계분과 조사료 분말 혼합사료에 의한 강부류 대치시험

유문일,한인규,정천용 ( Moon I . Yoo,In K . Han,Cheon Y . Chung ) 한국축산학회 1975 한국축산학회지 Vol.17 No.5

In order to evaluate the feeding value of mixture of DPW and roughage for growing-fattening pigs a feeding experiment was conducted employing 30 barrows of Landrace x Yorkshire crossbred weighing an average of 22.8㎏. Experimental pigs were distributed to 5 experimental treatments replacing wheat bran at the level of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40% by mixture of DPW and roughage meal (orchard grass hay). Results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. Daily gains of the treatments that used 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% of mixture of DPW and roughage meal were 629, 633, 596, 522, and 489 gm, respectively. Daily gains were depressed by increasing the level of mixed meal used. There was significant difference at 5% levels between the treatments fed 0, 10, and 20% mixed meal and the treatments fed 40 and 50% mixed meal. 2. Daily feed intake fed 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40% of mixed meal were 2,409, 2,552, 2,554, 2,525, and 2,604 gm, respectively and the differences were significant at 5% level. 3. The pigs fed 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40% mixed meal required 3.83, 4.03, 4.28, 4.84, and 5.20㎏ of feed per kilogram of gain, respectively. It was found that the feed efficiency was depressed as the level of mixed meal increased in the rations. 4. Carcass evaluation showed no definite difference among the treatments. Based on the above results, it may be concluded that substitution of mixture of DPW and roughage meal for wheat bran could be recommendable up to 10% in the feed of growing-fattening pigs.

돼지의 단백질과 에너지 요구량 결정에 관한 연구 4. 사료의 단백질과 에너지 수준이 임신돈의 번식능력에 미치는 영향

유문일,한인규 ( Moon I . Yoo,In K . Han ) 한국축산학회 1982 한국축산학회지 Vol.24 No.2

This experiment was conducted to investgate the effect of dietary protein and energy levels during gestation and lactating period on the reproductive performances of gravid swine. Fifty-four crossed sows (Landrace × Large White) which were about at 28 days in pregnancy were used in the feeding trials for a period of 17 weeks. The experimental treatment was divided into 9 groups combining 3 levels of dietary protein (CP 15-16%, 13-14%, 11-12%) and energy level (DE 3.6000kal/kg, 3,400kcal/kg, 3,200kcal/kg) during gestation and lactation periods. During 80 days after mating all sows received their own experimental diet 2.0kg per head daily, and during 5 weeks of late period of gestation received 2.3kg per daily and all sows were fed ad libitum during lactation period the same diets supplied during late pregnant period. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Body weight of sows increased during gestation and decreased during lactation period, but there were no significant effects on the protein and energy fed during gestation and lactation period. The rebreeding rate for sows fed a low protein and energy diets during gestation and lactation period was lower than for sows fed high and medium level of dietary protein and energy. 2. There were no differences in digestibilities of dry matter and total carbohydrate, but the digestibility of crude protein decreased as protein level during gestation period

돼지의 단백질과 에너지 요구량 결정에 관한 연구 1 . 이유자돈 ( 離乳子豚 )의 단백질과 에너지 요구량에 관한 연구

유문일,한인규 ( M . I . Yoo,I . K . Han ) 한국축산학회 1982 한국축산학회지 Vol.24 No.2

This experiment was conducted to investigate the dietary protein and energy requirements of weanling pig. The experimental groups were divided into 9 groups combining three levels of dietary protein (High, Medium, and Low level) and three levels of digestible energy (High, Medium, and Low level) based on the nutrient requirements of swine in NRC (1973). The feeding trials were conducted from July 14, 1979 during 22 days with a total 457 heads of crossbred. The result obtained are summarized as follows: According to the results of feeding trials during phase 1, daily gain, feed intake and feed efficiency were not significant among all groups. Daily gain, feed intake and feed efficiency were not affected by the levels of protein and energy, but feed efficiency was slightly improved as the levels of protein increased. Daily gain and feed intake were somewhat inferier to those of NRC feeding standard (1979), but feed efficiency was much superior to that of NRC (1979). The linear regression equations were derived from the data of feeding trials. The proper linear regression equations obtained from the present studies to calculated the protein and energy requirements are as follows: Y = -10.64 + 3.07 X (Y = daily gain, X = protein intake) Y = 13.03 + 0.18 X (Y = daily gain, X = DE intake) The calculated daily protein and DE intake obtained from the present studies are as follows: CP intake ; 100g, DE intake ; 1594㎉, daily gain ; 300g.

가축분의 사료화를 위한 연구 8 . 한우에 대한 건조계분의 사료가치시험

육종융,유문일,정천용,한인규 ( Chong Y . Yuk,Moon I . Yoo,Chun Y . Chung,In K . Han ) 한국축산학회 1978 한국축산학회지 Vol.20 No.5

This experiment was conducted to determine the substitution level of dried hens manure (DPM) for wheat bran in fattening ration for Korean native steer. Twenty yearling steers, weighing on average of 245 ㎏ were randomly alloted to four treatment groups according to the level of DHM. Treatments consisted of four rations constraining 0, 10, and 20% DHM substituted for wheat bran and 30% DHM substitute for wheat bran (20%), corn (6%) and soybean oil meal (4%). The results obtained are summarized as follows : 1. Average daily gains of DHM 0, 10, 20 and 30% fed groups were 0.95, 0.90, 0.89 and 0.88 ㎏, respectively. There was no significant difference among treatments. Data revealed that the average daily gain decreased slightly as the level of DHM substituted increased. Dressing percentage was not affected by the different level of DHM feeding. 2. Dry matter intakes of DHM 1, 10, 20 and 30% groups were 7.15, 7.21, 7.41, and 7.63, respectively. Daily dry matter intake increased as the substituted level of DHM in ration increased. 3. When DHM cost was considered, to be zero won per ㎏ feed cost required per ㎏ of body weight gain was decreased as the level of DHM in ration increase. When DHM cost was estimated to be 30 won per ㎏, feed cost required per ㎏ of weight gain was similar for DHM 0 and 30%, and slightly higher for DHM 10 and 20% groups than for DHM 0 and 30% groups Based upon the dats concerning body weight gain and economic analysis, it is concluded that inclusion of DHM may be practiced upto 30% in fattening ration for Korean native steer and the price of DHM per ㎏ should be less than 30 won in any case.

피혁분의 사료화에 관한 연구 3 . 육성비육돈에 대한 피혁분의 적정급여수준 결정을 위한 연구

한인규,유문일,권관,박홍석 ( In K . Han,Moon I . Yoo,K . Kwan,Hon S . Park ) 한국축산학회 1980 한국축산학회지 Vol.22 No.4

A total of 200 three-way crossbreds (Landrace × Duroc × Large White) were employed to investigate the feeding effect of different level (0%, 1%, 2%., 3%) of hydrolyzed leather meal (HLM) and 2% of fortified leather meal (FLM: as shown in Table 3) to growing-finishing swine for a period of 15 weeks. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Nutrients content of HLM was varied by different sources (makers) of HLM. It was found that the HLM used in feeding experiment contained 75. 21% crude protein, 2.72% chromium and 57.86% pepsin digestibility. Analytical data revealed that HLM contained fairly large amount of glycine, proline, alanine, arginine and contained small amount of other essential amino acids such as methionine and lysine. 2. Experimental results on weight Rain and feed efficiency indicated that optimum using level of HLM in swine rations was 1 %, and 2 % in case of FLM. 3. Digestibility and digestible nutrients content of experimental rations were not affected by the levels of HLM used 4. Carcass data showed that thinner backfat and larger loin eye muscle area were obtained by supplement of 1 % HLM. 5. Chromium retention in kidney was the highest among the tissues, and was higher as the level of HLM in swine ration increased. Accumulation of chromium in bone was the lowest. But it seemed that chromium content of tissues and organs except kidney had little connection with feeding levels of HLM. The results from this experiment indicate that HLM can be used as a protein source in properly balanced swine ration at level of 1 %, and 2% in case of FLM.