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        Neural Substrates of Hanja (Logogram) and Hangul (Phonogram) Character Readings by Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

        조장희,김남범,배성봉,지제근,오가와세이지,박찬웅,김영보 대한의학회 2014 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.29 No.10

        The two basic scripts of the Korean writing system, Hanja (the logography of the traditionalKorean character) and Hangul (the more newer Korean alphabet), have been used togethersince the 14th century. While Hanja character has its own morphemic base, Hangul beingpurely phonemic without morphemic base. These two, therefore, have substantiallydifferent outcomes as a language as well as different neural responses. Based on theselinguistic differences between Hanja and Hangul, we have launched two studies; first wasto find differences in cortical activation when it is stimulated by Hanja and Hangul readingto support the much discussed dual-route hypothesis of logographic and phonologicalroutes in the brain by fMRI (Experiment 1). The second objective was to evaluate howHanja and Hangul affect comprehension, therefore, recognition memory, specifically theeffects of semantic transparency and morphemic clarity on memory consolidation andthen related cortical activations, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)(Experiment 2). The first fMRI experiment indicated relatively large areas of the brain areactivated by Hanja reading compared to Hangul reading. The second experiment, therecognition memory study, revealed two findings, that is there is only a small difference inrecognition memory for semantic transparency, while for the morphemic clarity was muchlarger between Hanja and Hangul. That is the morphemic clarity has significantly moreeffect than semantic transparency on recognition memory when studies by fMRI incorrelation with behavioral study.

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