군집은 어떻게 동기화를 통해 창발성을 발현하는가?

심형보 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2024 제어·로봇·시스템학회 논문지 Vol.30 No.4

. A swarm of individuals often exhibits behaviors that are not possible for each individual. This phenomenon is called emergence, and this paper mathematically demonstrates that new dynamics can arise in swarm behavior that cannot be explained by the dynamics of individuals. In particular, we argue that emergence occurs when heterogeneity is coupled with synchronization. These two concepts may seem conflicting, as heterogeneity is the tendency to differ whereas synchronization is the tendency toward sameness. However, we show that emergent behavior arises from the interplay between the two.

Sampling Zero란 무엇인가?

심형보 제어로봇시스템학회 2019 제어로봇시스템학회지 Vol.25 No.1

박리없는 복부성형술의 경험

심형보,윤상엽 대한성형외과학회 2006 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.33 No.3

No one technique provides an optimal outcome for all body contouring patients. There are many surgical options for abdominoplasty. Among these, this abdominoplasty without undermining consists of liposuction around abdominal subcutaneous fatty tissue, excision of lower abdominal flap. The procedure allows aggressive thinning and sculpting of abdominal flap. This operation minimizes the dead space, which often leads to postoperative complications, and preserves neurovascular supply to the abdominal skin. From 1999 to 2004, 18 patients underwent the abdominoplasty without undermining, resulting in high satisfaction rates with no significant complications, such as, pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis. Patients could return to normal activity within a week. This abdominoplasty without undermining is an effective and safe alternative with low complication rate and enhances aesthetic results compared to traditional abdominal surgery.

유륜절개 근막밑 유방확대술: 근육밑 및 이중평면 유방확대술과 비교

심형보,윤상엽 대한성형외과학회 2007 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.34 No.1

Purpose: Subfascial augmentation mammaplasty was introduced by Dr. Graf in 2000. Subfascial placement of breast implants for augmentation was advocated as an option that has some of the advantages of both the subpectoral and subglandular placement while minimizing the disadvantages of each. The clinical experiences of 23 breast augmentations in the subfascial placement are reported. The indications for this technique are proposed. The incidence of complications is described from clinical experiences and compared with that of other methods.Methods: From January of 2004 through December of 2005, 23 patients underwent periareolar subfascial augmentation mammaplasty. The mean postoperative follow-up time was 8 months. Results: In comparing the results of the subpectoral augmentation group(57 patients) with those of the dual plane(124 patients) and subfascial groups(23 patients), the total rate of complications didn't represented the significant difference. The benefits of this technique include avoiding hematoma(as seen in the dual plane) and muscle action(in the subpectoral), and minimizing postoperative chest pain(inherent to subpectoral), and the ability to correct ptosis. And also this subfascial technique can be used for changing the plane from submuscular to subfascial in case of the reoperations. Conclusion: We're thinking that the periareolar subfascial augmentation mammaplasty would be the very useful tool for the primary and secondary breast augmentations.

유륜절개 이중평면 유방확대술

심형보,윤상엽 대한성형외과학회 2006 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.33 No.2

Although several reports have been introduced about dual plane augmentation mammaplasty, the description of periareolar approach dual plane augmentation mammaplasty was few. This article describes specific characteristics, and different classification and techniques for the periareolar dual plane breast augmentation while postoperative scars resulted from inframammary crease approach caused complaints. A total of 124 patients(248 breasts) had periareolar dual plane augmentation surgery from 1998 to 2004. Anatomic implants were used in 43 cases. Most of the patients were satisfied with the outcomes of periareolar dual plane augmentation. Periareolar dual plane augmentation mammaplasty adjusts implant and tissue relationships to ensure adequate soft- tissue coverage while optimizing implant-breast parenchymal dynamics to offer increased benefits and fewer faults compared to a single pocket location in a wide range of breast types with minimal scars. Two types of dual plane classifications are discussed in this study for the periareolar approach exclusively. The boundaries of retroglandular dissection remain constant, as the costal origin of pectoralis major are divided. Type A dual plane implies that the inferior edge of pectoralis muscle lies below the inferior areolar border, and type B dual plane implies that the inferior edge lies above the superior areolar border.

유륜둘레 절개식 유방축소수술

심형보 대한미용성형외과학회 1996 Archives of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Vol.2 No.1

Breast reduction surgery has been used for the purpose of obtaining a natural cone shape for the breast, minimizing scars, and maintaining breast physiology. An important factor influencing the selection of the type of procedure was the ease of predicting the eventual size of the breast mound and the final location of the nipple-areolar complex. Several variations of the Round Block periareolar mammaplasty (Benelli) were described, but not enough to solve the problems of mound flattening and early ptosis. The thesis is set forth that: (1) use a circumareolar incision to minimize the scar, (2) adopt the central breast pedicle to preserve the physiology and make significant resection, and (3) introduce the self-implant concept to produce conical shape and prevent early ptosis, also predict the eventual size of breast easily. A personal series of 44 consecutive cases (88 breasts) operated on from 1994 through 1996 is reviewed. The amount excised ranged from 150 g - 1200 g per breast (mean 423 g). The majority of patients were pleased with their breast size, shape and especially scars. There were few complications; one skin flap necrosis (1/88), one partial nipple-areolar necrosis (1/88) and 12 sensory disturbances of nipple-areolar complex (12/88). This series proves that sircumareolar reduction mammaplasty with self-implant technique can be used safely in significant resections for breast hypertrophy, respecting both aesthetic and functional aspects.

함몰유두의 치료방침

심형보 大韓成形外科學會誌 2000 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.27 No.1

A number of techniques have been introduced for the correction of inverted nipples, many of which are time-consuming, involve extensive incision and dissection around the nipple, or result in undesirable outcomes. Only two surgical methods were performed depending upon the patient's demand for nursing. When a patient desired breast-feeding the modified Teimourian method with pursestring was executed to preserve lactiferous ducts while the modified Hartampf method with purse-string severing the ducts was performed on a patient who did not want breast-feeding. These two methods were both simple and non-invasive. The reinversion rates were compared and analyzed for 73 nipples followed up for between 3 months and 2 years. Eversion was maintained in 89% of nipples. Invaginated nipples showed an increased tendency to reinvert postoperatively compared to umbilicated types(13.6% vs 6.9%). The duct-preserving method also tended to reinvert 3 times more than the duct-dividing method(14.3% vs. 4.2%).

동시 유륜절개 유방하수교정술 및 확대술: 이중평면 대 근막밑평면

심형보,윤상엽 대한성형외과학회 2007 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.34 No.1

Purpose: The major drawback of submuscular augmentation of the ptotic breast is a "double-bubble" deformity. If a traditional mastopexy is added to correct the ptosis, there would be additional scars. This article describes simultaneous periareolar mastopexy with dual plane or subfascial breast augmentations.Methods: A series of 81 patients with grade I or II ptosis underwent the procedure from 1999 to 2005. Out of these, dual plane augmentation was done in 71 cases and subfascial plane in 10. After periareolar skin excision, an incision is made perpendicularly down to the fascia of pectoralis. At the lower pole, all breast implants are inserted into the subfascial plane. In case of upper pole thickness of above 20mm, we inserted the implant into the subfascial plane, whereas below 20mm, we inserted that into the submuscular plane. Results: No major complications were noted and patients' satisfactory score was high. This technique avoids the "double-bubble" deformity and leaves a minimal periareolar scar. Conclusion: Simultaneous periareolar mastopexy/ breast augmentation is useful for correction of the ptotic breast, increasing the volume of breast and providing the natural breast shape with minimal scars. We consider that subfascial plane augmentation with periareolar mastopexy to be an alternative for cases with breast upper pole thickness of at least above 20mm.

수직절개식 유방축소수술의 새 도안

심형보,남상재 대한성형외과학회 2005 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.32 No.2

Although the technique of vertical reduction mammaplasty has gained major popularity, it is difficult to perform and has the steep learning curve. The authors present a modification of the standard Lejour vertical mammaplasty that simplify the design and make it more reliable and easy to perform. We simplified the design by discarding the Mosque dome. From March 2000 to March 2004, we performed this technique for 40 patients with breast hypertrophy. The apex of the design was marked at the anterior projection of the inframammary fold. After resection of the breast tissue, the medial and lateral pillars were approximated. Then a new nipple- areola position was determined at 4.0-5.0cm from a new inframammary fold. The range of resection amount of breast tissues was from 150 to 750 gram. Most of the patients were satisfied with the results. There was no permanent sensory loss and nipple areola skin necrosis. But there was 1 case of hematoma on the first day after the operation. This technique presents several advantages. It allows shaping and projection without compromising the future nipple position and makes it easier to remove an excessive skin around the areolae. And it may be comfortable to adjust the position of the nipple at the end of the procedure. We believe that this modification helps to improve the results of the vertical reduction mammaplasty.

Zero dynamics를 이용하여 제어시스템을 몰래 공격하는 방법

심형보 제어로봇시스템학회 2019 제어로봇시스템학회지 Vol.25 No.3