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金恩卿,申定湜,朴榮悳,金瞳一,李泰均 대한한의학회 부인과학회 2001 大韓韓方婦人科學會誌 Vol.14 No.1
During the Cho-Sun(朝鮮) Dynasty, gynecology developed independently from the rest of medical science through its pursuit of practical treatments while during the late Ming (明)) and Qing(淸) Dynasty, an accumulation of clinical experience and of the classification of diseases led to the publication of many books on the field. It is therefore expected that a comparison of each nation's different approach to gynecology would help to develop modern gynecology. To compare the presentations of gynecology, our Korean sources were 『Un-hae-tae-san jip-yo』 (諺解胎産集要), 『Dong-yi-bo-gam』 (東醫寶鑑), 『Yi-mun-bo-gamy gam』(醫門寶鑑), 『Je-Jung-sin-pyen』(濟衆新編), 『Yi-jong-son-yik』 (醫宗損益) and our information from China was found in 『Ji-yin-gang-mu』(濟陰綱目), 『Jing-yue-guan-shu·Fu-ren-gui』(景岳全書·婦人規), 『Da-sheng-bian』(達生編), 『Tai-char-xin-fa』(胎産心法) 『Yi-zong-ji-jian·fu-ke-xin fa-yao jue』(醫宗金監·婦科心法要訣). Summarizing our results, for irregular menstruation, amenorrhea, mass in the abdomen, treatment of infertility, morning sickness, vaginal bleeding during pregnancy, quickening of the womb, miscarriage, labor stimulation, retention of placenta, their opinions are relatively consistent. It is considered that metrorrhagia and metrostaxis results mostly from damp-heat drop-down and depression of stomach-qi. The book 『Ji-yin-gang-mu』(濟陰綱目) proposes the method of medical treatment by stages. In this method, they begin with the treatment of staunch blood, they then remove pathogenic heat from blood, and then in the last stage they enrich the blood. Leukorrhea was distinguished from excess-syndrome, which is caused by a concentration of damp-heat, and from the deficiency-syndrome which originates from weakness of Ming-men(命門). For leukorrhea and morning sickness, the medical prescription in the Cho-Sun Dynasty depended on the weight of the patient. In ancient times, there were two important methods of treating women immediately after pregnancy: enriching qi and blood and getting rid of blood stasis. Besides, various methods of medical treatment based on differentiation of diseases were also introduced. The most common prescription during the Cho-Sun Dynasty was "Bo-heo-tang" (補虛湯) while in the late Ming and Qing Dynasty, "Sheng-hua-tang"(生化湯) was preferred. Stomach pains after birth were generally regarded as blood stasis while in some cases, they were diagnosed as an injury of viginal neck. The medical documents indicate that women's diseases were often attributed to nervousness and stress and therefore, were often very difficult to diagnose and cure. In addition, this leads to an important distinction between the medical histories of each nation. In the diagnosis of women's diseases, the books 『Yi-zong-ji-jian·fu-ke-xin-fa-yao-jue』(醫宗金監·婦科心法要訣) particularily emphasize the examination of the menses and of the symptoms of pregnancy. The Korean text 『Yi-zong-son-yik』(醫宗損益) mentions two important methods, the first of which is called removing stagnated fire and which tries to relieve only the symptoms. The second technique attempts to treat the primary cause of the disease by nourishing the blood and invigorating the spleen.