L밴드 인공위성 SAR를 이용한 동해 연안 해상풍 산출 및 오차 특성

김태성 ( Tae Sung Kim ),박경애 ( Kyung Ae Park ),최원문 ( Won Moon Choi ),홍성욱 ( Sung Wook Hong ),최병철 ( Byoung Cheol Choi ),신인철 ( In Chul Shin ),김경렬 ( Kyung Ryul Kim ) 대한원격탐사학회 2012 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.28 No.5

L밴드 ALOS SAR 자료를 활용하여 우리나라 동해 연안해역의 해상풍을 산출하고 오차의 특성을 분석하였다. 그 동안 인공위성 산란계를 이용한 해상풍 산출이 본질적으로 불가능하였던 연안 해역에 대하여 SAR 자료로부터 고해상도 해상풍을 산출할 수 있었다. 산출된 SAR 바람을 해양 부이 자료와 비교한 결과 0.67 m/s의 작은 오차로 잘 일치함을 보여주었다. 서로 다른 L밴드 ALOS PALSAR GMF 2007 모델과 2009 모델로 산출된 해상풍을 인공위성 산란계 해상풍과 비교한 결과, 풍속과 풍향 각각 2.16 m/s와 19.24°, 3.62 m/s와 28.02°의 제곱평균근오차를 보이며, 인공위성 산란계의 기대 오차보다 다소 큰 경향을 나타냈다. 또한 산출된 L밴드 SAR 바람장은 풍향과 입사각에 대하여 특징적인 의존성을 보였다. L밴드 GMF 2007 모델은 21°보다 작은 입사각에 대하여 큰 오차를 보인 반면, L밴드 GMF 2009 모델은 입사각에 대한 효과를 선형함수가 아니라 이차함수로 고려하여 주었기 때문에 작은 입사각 범위에서 풍속 오차가 6.8 m/s에서 1.14 m/s로 크게 감소하는 결과를 보였다. 본 연구는 L밴드 SAR 바람장의 다양한 활용을 위해서는 풍향과 입사각 효과, 그리고 다른 잠재적인 오차의 요인을 집중적으로 연구하여야 함을 강조하였다. Sea surface winds in the sea off the east coast of Korea were derived from L-band ALOS (Advanced Land Observing Satellite) PALSAR (Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar) data and their characteristics of errors were analyzed. We could retrieve high-resolution wind vectors off the east coast of Korea including the coastal region, which has been substantially unavailable from satellite scatterometers. Retrieved SAR-wind speeds showed a good agreement with in-situ buoy measurement by showing relatively small an root-mean-square (RMS) error of 0.67 m/s. Comparisons of the wind vectors from SAR and scatterometer presented RMS errors of 2.16 m/s and 19.24˚, 3.62 m/s and 28.02˚ for Lband GMF (Geophysical Model Function) algorithm 2009 and 2007, respectively, which tended to be somewhat higher than the expected limit of satellite scatterometer winds errors. L-band SAR-derived wind field exhibited the characteristic dependence on wind direction and incidence angle. The previous version (L-band GMF 2007) revealed large errors at small incidence angles of less than 21˚. By contrast, the Lband GMF 2009, which improved the effect of incidence angle on the model function by considering a quadratic function instead of a linear relationship, greatly enhanced the quality of wind speed from 6.80 m/s to 1.14 m/s at small incident angles. This study addressed that the causes of wind retrieval errors should be intensively studied for diverse applications of L-band SAR-derived winds, especially in terms of the effects of wind direction and incidence angle, and other potential error sources.

편측신절제 흰쥐에서 Cyclosporin A- 유발 신독성에 대한 Verapamil 의 효과

강주섭(Ju Seop Kang),고현철(Hyun Chul Koh),이창호(Chang Ho Lee),신인철(In Chul Shin) 한국응용약물학회 1998 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.6 No.2

In this study, the effect of verapamil (VER) on cyclosporin A (CsA)-induced nephrotoxicity was investigated in uninephrectomized rats. Male Wistar rats were administered CsA (50 mg/kg/day, p.o.) or VER (0.5 mg/kg/day, i.p.) with CsA (50 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 20 days. The urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity along with BUN, serum creatinine, creatinine clearance (CLcr), body weight, and 24 hr-urine output were measured and histopathologic changes of kidney were evaluated by light and electron microscopy. The results obtained from this study can be summarized as follows: While NAG activity, BUN and serum creatinine was progressively increased and CLcr significantly decreased in CsA group, VER almost significantly (p<0.05) suppressed and normalized CsA-induced changes in VER+CsA group. While urine output increased until 12th days and thereafter progressively decreased in CsA group, it gradually increased in control and VER+CsA group. While body weight progressively made a gain in control and VER+CsA groups, it significantly (p<0.05) lost in CsA group. Qn light microscopy, the glomerular hyperemia and proximal convoluted tubular (PCT) dilatation, focal tubular cell vacuolation and necrosis were clearly evident in CsA group, but, were not seen in other groups. Ultrastructural studies revealed thickened glomerular endothelium and basal lamina of capillary, irregular shaped pedicels of podocytes, indistinct slit pores and narrowed bowman`s space. The large oval vacuoles with dense debris and phagosome were distributed in apical zone and deformed microvilli and mitochondria were seen in the PCT cell of CsA group. But, glomeruli and PCT cell were relatively preserved in normal apperance in other groups. In conclusion, it is suggested that verapamil has a protective effect on cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity in uninephrectomized rats.

1 형과 2 형 당뇨모델 흰쥐에서 Chromium Picolinate 의 당내성과 인슐린 감수성에 대한 영향

신현진(Hyun Jin Shin),홍정희(Jeong Hee Hong),고현철(Hyun Chul Koh),신인철(In Chul Chin),최호순(Ho Soon Choi),김태화(Tae Hwa Kim),김동선(Dong Sun Kim),엄애선(Ae Son Om),강주섭(Ju Seop Kang) 한국응용약물학회 2001 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.9 No.4

N/A Chromium is an essential nutrient and participates in glucose and lipid metabolism in human beings and animals. The present study was conducted to assess the effects of chromium picolinate (Cr-pic) on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in type Ⅰ and Ⅱ diabetic rats. The experimental groups were type Ⅰ diabetic (streptozotocin-induced: 40㎎/㎏, i.p.) and type Ⅱdiabetic (Goto-Kakizaki rats) models. Each group was subdivided into control, low-dose and high-dose of Cr-pic treated groups. The Cr-pic was orally administered with Cr-pic (100 mg/kg for low dose group and 200㎎/㎏ for high dose group) for 4 weeks. And then we performed intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) and insulin sensitivity test (ITT). The glucose tolerance test was carried out by injection of glucose (2 g/㎏, i.p.). The peripheral insulin sensitivity test was conducted by injection of insulin (5 units/㎏, s.c.) and glucose. We performed determining of blood glucose concentration at 0, 10, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min using automated glucose analyzer. The plasma insulin concentration was determined by rat insulin EIA kit. Administration of Cr-pic improved weight gain in all groups with higher significant in the low-dose group. There was no significance between the control and the Cr-pic treated groups in the area under the blood glucose curve and serum insulin concentration plots of IPGTT and peripheral ITT in type Ⅰ diabetic rats. But Cr-pic treated groups showed significantly lower levels of the area under the blood glucose curve during IPGTT and ITT and the high-dose group showed less effects compared with the low-dose group in the type Ⅱ diabetic rats. The plasma insulin concentration of both diabetic groups was not influenced by Cr-pic supplementation. We can conclude that chromium picolinate may improve the endogenous and exogenous insulin action and peripheral insulin sensitivity in type Ⅱ diabetic rats.

일산화탄소 폭로후 고압산소 투여가 흰쥐 심장에서의 malondialdehyde 함량과 산소유리기 반응에 미치는 영향

신인철(In Chul Shin),고현철(Hyun Chul Koh),하지희(Ji Hee Ha) 한국응용약물학회 1998 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.6 No.1

In an attempt to define the effects of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on the lipid peroxidation and oxygen free radical reactions in rats exposed to carbon monoxide, we studied malondialdehyde(MDA) level and activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase in the heart of the rats exposed to carbon monoxide. Male Sprague-Dawley albino rats weighing 240 to 260gm were used. Experimental groups consist of Control group (=breathing with air), HBO group(=exposed to hyperbaric oxygen[HBO, 3ATA, 100%] after air breath), CO group(=exposed to CO[3,970 ppm] after air breath), CO-Air group(=exposed to CO after air breath followed by air breath) and CO-HBO group(=exposed to CO after air breath followed HBO treatment). The CO group showed significantly higher MDA level, catalase activity and SOD activity as compared to that of control group. The CO-HBO group showed significantly lower MDA level as compared to that of CO group, and did not show significantly lower catalase activity and SOD activity as compared to that of CO group. These results suggest that the excessive oxygen free radicals is an important determinant in pathogenesis of CO-induced cardiotoxicity and HBO inhibits the lipid peroxidation caused by excessive oxygen free radicals in the heart of the rats exposed to carbon monoxide.

Biphenyldimethyl dicarboxylate ( DDB ) 가 염화 제 2 수은 - 유발 간독성 흰쥐에서의 지질 과산화와 Oxygen Free Radical 제거효소 활성도에 미치는 영향

신인철(In Chul Shin),고현철(Hyun Chul Koh) 한국응용약물학회 1995 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.3 No.3

In an attempt to define the effects of biphenyldimethyl dicarboxylate (DDB) on the lipid peroxidation and oxygen free radical scavenging enzymes activities in mercuric chloride-induced hepatotoxic rats, we studied malondialdehyde (MDA) level and the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in liver of the rats at 24 hr after the injection of mercuric chloride. Sprague-Dalwey albino rats were injected subcutaneously with mercuric chloride (5 ㎎/㎏) only and mercuric chloride (5 ㎎/㎏) plus. DDB (200 ㎎/㎏/day, p.o) is administered for 4 days prior to 3 days from the injection of mercuric chloride. The group treated with mercuric chloride showed significantly higher MDA level and lower catalase and SOD activities as compared with that of control group. The group treated with mercuric chloride plus DDB showed significantly lower MDA level and catalase activity and higher SOD activity as compared with that of mercuric chloride-treated group. These results suggest that the excessive oxygen free radicals resulting from the depression of superoxide dismutase activity is an important determinant in the pathogenesis of mercuric chloride-induced hepatotoxicity and DDB has antioxidant effects.

Glycerol 이 흰쥐 신피질에서의 산소유리기반응과 신기능에 미치는 영향

신인철(In Chul Shin),고현철(Hyun Chul Koh) 한국응용약물학회 1995 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.3 No.4

In an attempt to define the early biochemical determinants that participate in the pathogenesis of glycerol-induced nephrotoxicity, especially focusing on oxygen free radicals, we studied malondialdehyde (MDA) level and the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase in the renal cortex of rats, and the concentrations of blood urea nitrogen(BUN) and serum creatinine of rats at 24hr after the injection of a 50% solution of glycerol. Sprague-Dawley albino rats weighing 240 to 260 mg were injected intramuscularly with a 50% solution of glycerol(2 ㎖/㎏, 4 ㎖/㎏ and 8 ㎖/㎏). The group treated with glycerol showed significantly higher MDA level and eatalase activity, lower SOD activity and higher BUN and serum creatinine concentrations at 24 hr after the injection as compared to those of control group. These results suggest that the excessive oxygen free radicals resulting from the depression of SOD activity is an important determinant in the pathogenesis of glycerol-induced nephrotoxicity.

Glycerol이 흰쥐 신장에서의 Malondialdehyde 함량과 Superoxide Dismutase 활성도 및 요중 단백질 배설량과 N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase 활성도에 미치는 영향

신인철(In Chul Shin),고현철(Hyun Chul Koh) 대한약리학회 1996 대한약리학잡지 Vol.32 No.2

In an attempt to dofine the early biochemical determinants that participate in the pathogenesis of glycerol-induced nephrotoxicity, especially focusing on oxygen free radicals and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase(NAG) activity, we studied 24-hours urine outflow, 24-hours urinary protein excretion and urinary NAG activity after the injection of glycerol and also we studied malondialdehyde(MDA) level and superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity in the kidney of rats at 24hr after the injection of glycerol. Sprague-Dawley albino rats weighing 240 to 260 gm were injected intramuscularly with a 50% solution of glycerol(2ml/kg, 4ml/kg and 8ml/kg). The group treated with glycerol showed significantly lower urine outflow level and urinary protein excretion level and higher urinary NAG activity after the injection as compared to those of control group. Also the group treated with glycerol showed significantly higher MDA level and lower SOD activity at 24hr after the injection as compared to those of control group. These results suggest that the excessive oxygen free radicals resulting from the depression of SOD activity is an important determinant in the pathogenesis of glycerol-induced nephrotoxicity and higher urinary NAG activity is an index of renal tubular cell damage in the glycerol-induced nephrotoxicity.

일산화탄소 폭로후 고압산소 투여가 흰쥐 신장에서의 malondialdehyde 함량과 catalase 및 superoxide dismutase 활성에 미치는 영향

신인철(In Chul Shin),강주섭(Ju Seop Kang),고현철(Hyun Chul Koh),하지희(Ji Hee Ha) 한국응용약물학회 1999 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.7 No.2

In an attempt to define the effects of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on the lipid peroxidation and oxygen free radical reactions in rats exposed to carbon monoxide, we studied malondialdehyde (MDA) level and activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase in the kidney of the rats exposed to carbon monoxide. Male Sprague-Dawley albino rats weighing 240 to 260 gm were used. Experimental groups consist of Control group (=breathing with air), HBO group (=exposed to hyperbaric oxygen [HBO, 3ATA, 100%] after air breath), CO group (=exposed to CO[3,970 ppm] after air breath), CO-Air group (=exposed to CO after air breath followed by air breath) and CO-HBO group (=exposed to CO after air breath followed HBO treatment). The CO group showed significantly higher MDA level, catalase activity and SOD activity as compared to that of control group. The CO-HBO group showed significantly lower MDA level as compared to that of CO group, and did not show significantly lower catalase activity and SOD activity as compared to that of CO group. These results suggest that the excessive oxygen free radicals is an important determinant in pathogenesis of CO-induced nephrotoxicity and HBO inhibits the lipid peroxidation caused by excessive oxygen free radicals in the kidney of the rats exposed to carbon monoxide.

염화 제 2 수은이 흰쥐 간장에서의 지질 과산화와 Oxygen Free Radical 제거 효소 활성도에 미치는 영향

신인철(In Chul Shin),고현철(Hyun Chul Koh) 한국응용약물학회 1994 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.2 No.3

Wistar albino rats were injected subcutaneously with mercuric chloride (5mg/kg) to define the early biochemical determinants that participate in the pathogenesis of mercuric chloride-induced hepatotoxicity, especially focusing on oxygen free radicals, we studied malondialdehyde(MDA) level and the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase in the liver of rats at 24, 48 and 72 hr after the injection of mercuric chloride. MDA levels at 24, 48 and 72 hr after the injection of mercuric chloride increased as compared with that of control group. The activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase at 24, 48 and 72hr after the injection of mercuric chloride decreased as compared with that of control group. These results suggest that the depression of the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase resulting from excessive oxygen free radicals is an important determinant in pathogenesis of mercuric chloride-induced hepatotoxicity.

알루미늄을 투여한 흰쥐의 해마와 대뇌피질에서 Reactive Oxygen Species 생성으로 인한 생체거대분자의 산화적 손상

문철진(Chul-Jin Moon),고현철(Hyun-Chul Koh),신인철(In-Chul Shin),이은희(Eun-Hee Lee),문해란(Hae-Ran Moon) 한국독성학회 2004 Toxicological Research Vol.20 No.3

This work aimed to study the effectiveness of cellular oxidative parameter (malondialdehyde,<br/> protein carbonyl, and 8-hydroxy-2'deoxyguanosine). The experimental groups were aluminum<br/> treated rats and control rats. Aluminum treatd rats were given intraperitoneally aluminum nitrate<br/> nonahydrate (Al3+, 0.2 mmol/kg) daily for 30 days except Sunday. Control rats were injected 1 ml of<br/> saline. After the dose, rats were decapitated and hippocampus and cerebral cortex were removed.<br/> The measured parameters were tissue malondialdehyde (MDA, index of lipid peroxidation), protein<br/> carbonyl (index of protein oxidation), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxy-guanosine (8-OHdG, index of DNA oxidation),<br/> reduced glutathione (GSH) levels as well as glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase. Al concentrations<br/> in the tissues were also measured. All results were corrected by tissue protein levels. The<br/> results were as followed; 1. The concentrations of Al in the cortex and hippocampus were significantly<br/> higher in the Al-treated rats than in the control rats. 2. Antioxidative enzyme's activity, catalase<br/> and GR, were significantly higher in the Al-treated rats than the control rats. GSH levels were also<br/> higher in the Al-treated rats. 3. MDA, protein carbonyl, and 8-OHdG concentration of Al-treated rats<br/> were significantly higher than those of control rats. 4. The concentrations of antioxidants, and oxidative<br/> stress parameter were correlated with the concentrations of Al in hippocampus and cerebral cortex.<br/> Catalase and GR activity were also correlated with the concentration of Al. Based on these<br/> results, it can be suggested that intraperitoneally injected Al was accumulated in the brain and<br/> induced the increase of antioxidant levels and antioxidatve enzyme activity. Also, the oxidative products<br/> of cellular macromolecules are significantly related to tissue Al concentration. Therefore MDA,<br/> protein carbonyl, and 8-OHdG are useful markers for oxidative stress on cellular macromolecules.