펄스고전압의 시비율과 주파수에 따른 비열플라즈마 발생특성

박승록,김진규,Park, Seung-Lok,Kim, Jin-Gyu 한국조명전기설비학회 2004 조명·전기설비학회논문지 Vol.18 No.5

고주파 고전압 펄스전원을 제작하고 발생되는 펄스고전압의 시비율과 주파수가 비열플라즈마 발생에 미치는 영향을 실험적으로 조사하였다. 실험에 사용된 비열플라즈마 발생장치는 그물형의 방전전극을 사용한 새로운 형태로써 연면방전과 유전체 장벽방전을 동시에 이용할 수 있는 구조로 제작하였다. 비열플라즈마의 발생에 영향을 주는 주요인자는 방전에 의해 발생된 전자로써 이들의 움직임을 효과적으로 제어하기 위한 주요변수로써 시비율과 주파수를 선택하였으며 이 두 가지 변수는 전원의 효율에 관계된 전력소비량과도 직접적인 연관이 있다. 비열플라즈마 발생특성은 전류-전압특성과 방전에 의해 발생된 오존발생량을 측정함으로써 간접적으로 조사되었다. 실험결과 제작된 고주파 고전압 펄스발생장치에 의해 가장 효과적인 비열플라즈마를 발생시키는 시비율과 주파수조건을 확인할 수 있었다. The effects on non-thermal plasma generation by duty Ratio and frequency of pulse voltage were investigated experimentally. For these, a new type of non-thermal plasma generator with mesh electrode was manufactured and it was possible to generate the surface and silent discharge simultaneously by new type of non-thermal plasma generator. Duty ratio and frequency were selected as main parameters to control the movement of electron which is mainly related to the non-thermal plasma generation. The characteristics of non-thermal plasma generation were investigated indirectly by measuring the I-V curve and quantity of ozone generation. The most effective condition of duty ratio and frequency to generate the non-thermal plasma was identified by experiments with manufactured non-thermal plasma generator.

공기업과 민간기업의 생산성 분석

박승록(Seung-Rok Park) 한국경제연구원 2002 규제연구 Vol.11 No.1

In this study, we looked at the trend of accounting productivity, absolute productivity levels measured by labor and capital productivity and technical efficiency, and total factor productivity change for about 2,000 firms including 55 public firms and 1,960 private firms of the Chaebol, non-Chaebol firms. To measure the level of technical efficiency m the production and total factor productivity change including technological change, technical efficiency improvement and economies of scale, we specified an econometric model that uses the stochastic frontier production function. Estimation of a translog function gives parameter estimates of the production function, the variance composition of the error term, the parameters necessary to measure technical efficiency, and the statistical distribution of the error term representing technical efficiency. Parameter estimates generally show good statistical properties. The main findings of this study can be summarized as follows: First, this study finds that public firms compared to private firms enjoy high net income and stability in their levels despite lower sales per person and fixed assets as well as lower labor, capital productivities and technical efficiency. Especially, the level of technical efficiency of public firms has remained lower than for private firms. Even though large public firms have a similar level of technical efficiency comparable to the top 30 Chaebol, small public have lower technical efficiency level than private firms. Second, the growth rate of total factor productivity of both private and public firm has decreased after the financial crisis. As one component of TFP growth, the technological change of individual firms show a similar trend and level of growth to the TFP growth rate, which has continued to fall ever since the financial crisis. Private firms have displayed higher technological change than public firms. Small among public firms, and non-Chaebol firms among private firms, have also achieved higher technological innovation. In terms of the scale economy, although all private firms have experienced diseconomies of scale after the financial crisis, they have begun to show signs of recovery. All private and public firms face similar changes in technical efficiency. Small public firms and non-Chaebols have achieved higher change m technical efficiency than large public firms and the top 30 Chaebols respectively. Third, our analysis on total factor productivity before and after the financial crisis reveals that the change of TFP mainly depends on technological change rather than scale economies or technical efficiency change. However, there is only a drastic change in the economies of scale change without any extreme change in the trend of technological change and technical efficiency change in the restructuring period, especially in 1998, Implying that there has been no sufficient effort to enhance firms future competitiveness. We also observed that, in corporate restructuring, labor productivity surged sharply mainly due to the layoff of employment rather than the sales of fixed asset, technological innovation and technical efficiency change. Therefore, the direction of restructuring of Korean firms, especially those that suffered from the financial crisis may be unappropriate and may not contribute to sustainable economic growth.

우리나라 일반은행의 생산효율성 분석과 정책적 의미

박승록(Seung-Rok Park),이인실(Insill Yi) 한국경제연구원 2001 한국경제연구원 연구보고서 Vol.2001 No.-

Korean commemal banks are now beginning to show some signs of progress followmg the massive restructuring efforts as evident by the recent addition of 40 million Won over and above the 100 million Won of public money already spent. Problematic banks such as the Hanvit Bank are currently undergoing restructuring and have made a new start under the umbrella of a bank holding company. The relatively healthier banks such as Kookmin Bank and Housing and Commercial Bank have also announced a merger schedule with further steps to establish the next succeedmg arrangement. In general, restructuring among the remaining banks is currently under regular discussion. There have been only a few empirical studies, many of which touch on a narrow range of issues, which investigate into the efficiency of Korean commercial banks. Nevertheless, these have not been used to suggest plausible directions to restructuring the bankinng sector, particularly emphasizing, in general, ways to compete agamst internatlonal banks and to improve international competitiveness. However, without a comprehensive analysis of the existence of economices of scale, the mergers and acquisition activities, among banks as a viable form of restructuring to be promoted by the government cannot be justified. In this paper, we measure the production efficiencies of Korean commercial banks and compare them to each other. The DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) method is applied in our analysis. We find that although it may be more difficult to find a merging partner, M&A among banks with similar production technologies would push the economy closer to the socially attainable production frontier. The production efficiency of Korean banks will be improved for those banks wilshing to merge, as well as other banks, if there is a reduction in bank personnel and the number of branches, and if there is further disposal of bank assets. In this paper, we suggest the size of reduction of personnel and bank branches as well as the disposal of assets for each bank by looking into various scenarios. We conclude that without the necessary reduction and belt-tightening, the current M&As among Korean commercial banks is bound to result in continued mefficiency. Putting 40 million won in addition to the 100 million won of public money, the additional restructuring in the banking sector is makmg some progress. Problem banks including Hanvlt Bank are restrucutred and made a new start under the umbrella of the bank holding company. Healthy banks, such as Kookmin Bank and Housing and Commercial Bank, also announced the merger schedule and made further steps into the next succeeding arrangement The restructuring among remaining banks is still under discussion.Not many researches have been discussed empirically about the efficiency of the Korean commercial banks and suggested the desirable direction of the restructuring in bankibg sector to compete against the foremost international banks and to improve its lnternational competitiveness. Without proving the existence of the economy of scale, however, It can not be justified the Korean government policy to encourage the mergers and acquisitions among banks as a way of restructuring. In this paper, we measure the production efficiencies of the Korean commercial banks and compare them each other, using the DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) method Analysis shows that the mergers and acquisitions among the banks which have similar production techniques can make the economy close further to the socially attainable production frontier, although it may not be easy to find the partners to merge After measuring the production efficiency of Korean banks, we find that further reduction in bank personnel and branches and further disposal of bank assets are definitely needed to improve the efficiency of the banks to be merged as well as the remaining banks. By scenario, we suggest the size of the reduction in personnel and branches as well as disposal of

중국의 세계기업 인수·합병 현황과 시사점

박승록(Seung Rok Park),정군오(Kun Oh Jung),임응순(Eung Soon Lim) 한국아시아학회 2008 아시아연구 Vol.11 No.1

최근 중국은 외환보유고 증가를 억제하기 위한 하나의 방편으로 중국기업의 해외 직접투자를 장려하고 있는데, 이러한 해외투자의 많은 부분이 중국기업의 해외기업에 대한 인수·합병 형태로 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 중국기업의 해외투자에 대한 선례를 분석함으로써 한국기업에 대한 시사점을 찾고자 한다. 특히, 본 연구는 중국기업의 해외기업에 대한 인수·합병의 추세, 산업별·국가별 특징, 인수·합병 형태, 자금조달방법과 대금지급방법 등에 초점을 두고 진행되었다. 본 연구의 분석결과는 해외투자를 계획하고 있는 많은 한국기업에게 유리한 시사점을 제공해 줄 수 있을 것이다. 또한 기업의 대외진출 촉진과 해외투자 확대 방안을 위한 정부정책의 개선에 있어서도 좋은 참고자료가 될 것으로 판단된다. Recently, Chinese firms are actively undertaking M&A of foreign enterprises as a measure of foreign direct investment. This increasing M&A is a line in the chain of the Chinese government policy managing of its level of foreign reserves. Considering this features, this paper tries to find some implications for the Korean firms via the M&A experiences of Chinese firms. To this end, the present paper investigates the cases of Chinese M&A against foreign firms, focusing the trend, industrial and regional features, form, the way of funding and paying. The findings of this paper gives an important strategic means to the Korean firms that try to invest abroad. Furthermore, this paper would provide some policy implications for the Korean government which is promoting the foreign investment by Korean firms.

기업집단의 내부거래와 효율성에 대한 연구

박승록(Seung-Rok Park) 한국경제연구원 2002 규제연구 Vol.11 No.1

In this paper, we model the relationship between technical efficiency measures and internal trade, debt guarantee and mortgage to better understand the role of internal business transactions to the technical efficiency of Korean firms. Difference in technical efficiency due to firm characteristics such as its size, its inclusion as part of the 30 largest business groups, and the type of opening to public of the firm is examined. Furthermore, this study also investigates input-output data such as gross output, labor input, capital input, intermediate input, and internal transaction data among affiliates or more specifically internal trade, debt guarantee and mortgage for the period 1992 to 1998 for 1,640 firms included in the business groups. The stochastic frontier production function applied in this study have parameter estimates for labor, intermediate input, capital input and time trend that are not only statistically significant but reliable m their economic interpretation. The decomposition. of variance of error terms shows that 65 percent of variance may be assumed as constituting the random part, while the remainder may be linked to technical inefficiency. This suggests that the stochastic production function as specified m this study is correctly chosen and specified. The coefficients of 6 variables used to explain the technical efficiency are also tested and found to be statistically significant The role of internal sales and purchases among affiliates on the technical inefficiency of firms that are include in a business group is negative, which implies that the transaction cost hypothesis is appropriate to explain the business behavior of Korean firms that belong to business groups. Debt guarantees and mortgage from affiliates also contributed to the increase of technical efficiency by way of providing easy bank loans. However providing mortgage to affiliates tends to lower technical efficiency. Further research is needed to explain the differences in the effects of the provision of debt guarantees and mortgage to affiliates. This study also examines the relationship between technical efficiency and type of firm Firms included in the 30 largest business group have enjoyed higher technical efficiency by way of internal transactions. However the type of opening to public and size of firm do not affect the technical efficiency of the firm engaged in internal transactions. The effect of an increase of technical efficiency from internal transactions in the 30 largest business groups do not adversely affect other firms included in the smaller business groups.

세계 기업 생산성의 추격-피추격에 관한 연구: 총자산 매출 생산성을 기준으로

박승록 ( Seung Rok Park ),최두열 ( Doo Yull Choi ) 한국생산성학회 2013 生産性論集 Vol.27 No.3

This study looks into the long run behavior of the productivity of world firms, measured by sales to asset ratios. By comparing the initial and ergodic distribution of the productivity distribution of the traditional industries(manufacturing of iron, electronic parts, and ship building etc.), we find that the productivity of world firms converges toward the world medium level, which means productivity gap among the world enterprises shrinks. This result implies that Korea`s traditional industries, which are still enjoying the edge over other competitors, will face the possibility of falling behind by the catching up of competitors of the world. By looking at the change of individual firm`s productivity to the average level of the same industry of the world, we also find that among the three countries(China, Japan, Korea), Korea has the highest ratio of falling behind and also it has even higher rate of falling behind compared to OECD and G20 countries. This means that the relative competitiveness of Korean firms are falling behind to its competitors of the world during the sample period.

HVDC 케이블의 임펄스 중첩 시험회로 구성과 해석

박승록(S. L. Park),김정년(J. N. Kim),전승익(S. I. Jeon),안용호(Y. H. Ahn) 대한전기학회 2005 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2005 No.7

기업집단의 내부거래와 효율성에 대한 연구

박승록(Seung-Rok Park) 한국경제연구원 2001 한국경제연구원 연구보고서 Vol.2001 No.-

In this paper, we model the relationship between technical efficiency measures and internal trade, debt guarantee and mortgage to better understand the role of internal business transactions to the technical efficiency of Korean firms. Difference in technical efficiency due to firm characteristics such as its size, its inclusion as part of the 30 largest business groups, and the type of opening to public of the firm is examined. Furthermore, this study also investigates input-output data such as gross output, laborinput, capital input, intermediate input, and internal transaction data among affiliates or more specifically internal trade, debt guarantee and mortgage for the period 1992 to 1998 for 1,640 firms included in the business groups. The stochastic frontier production function applied in this study have parameter estimates for labor, intermediate input, capital input and time trend that are not only statistically significant but reliable in their economic interpretation. The decomposition. of variance of error terms shows that 65 percent of variance may be assumed as constituting the random part, while the remainder may be linked to technical inefficiency. This suggests that the stochastic production function as specified in this study is correctly chosen and specified. The coefficients of 6 variables used to explain the technical inefficiency are also tested and found to be statistically significant. The role of internal sales and purchases among affiliates on the technical inefficiency of firms that are included in a business group is negalive, which implies that the transaction cost hypothesis is appropnate to explain the business behavior of Korean firms that belong to business groups. Debt guarantees and mortgage from affiliates also contributed to the increase of technical efficiency by way of providing easy bank loans. However providing mortgage to affiliates tends to lower technical efficiency. Further research is needed to explain the differences in the effects of the provision of debt guarantees and mortgage to affiliates. This study also examines the relationship between technical efficiency and type of firm. Firms included in the 30 largest business group have enjoyed higher technical efficiency by way of internal transactions. However the type of opening to public and size of firm do not affect the technical efficiency of the firm engaged in internal transactions. The effect of an increase of technical efficiency from internal transactions in the 30 largest business groups do not adversely affect other firms included in the smaller business groups.

기업집단의 내부거래와 효율성에 대한 연구

박승록(Seung-Rok Park) 한국경제연구원 2002 규제연구 Vol.11 No.2

In this paper, we model the relationship between technical efficiency measures and internal trade, debt guarantee and mortgage to better understand the role of internal business transactions to the technical efficiency of Korean firms. Difference in technical efficiency due to firm characteristics such as its size, its inclusion as part of the 30 largest business groups, and the type of opening to public of the firm is examined. Furthermore, this study also investigates input-output data such as gross output, labor input, capital input, intermediate input, and internal transaction data among affiliates or more specifically internal trade, debt guarantee and mortgage for the period 1992 to 1998 for 1,640 firms included in the business groups. The stochastic frontier production function applied in this study have parameter estimates for labor, intermediate input, capital input and time trend that are not only statistically significant but reliable m their economic interpretation. The decomposition. of variance of error terms shows that 65 percent of variance may be assumed as constituting the random part, while the remainder may be linked to technical inefficiency. This suggests that the stochastic production function as specified m this study is correctly chosen and specified. The coefficients of 6 variables used to explain the technical efficiency are also tested and found to be statistically significant The role of internal sales and purchases among affiliates on the technical inefficiency of firms that are include in a business group is negative, which implies that the transaction cost hypothesis is appropriate to explain the business behavior of Korean firms that belong to business groups. Debt guarantees and mortgage from affiliates also contributed to the increase of technical efficiency by way of providing easy bank loans. However providing mortgage to affiliates tends to lower technical efficiency. Further research is needed to explain the differences in the effects of the provision of debt guarantees and mortgage to affiliates. This study also examines the relationship between technical efficiency and type of firm Firms included in the 30 largest business group have enjoyed higher technical efficiency by way of internal transactions. However the type of opening to public and size of firm do not affect the technical efficiency of the firm engaged in internal transactions. The effect of an increase of technical efficiency from internal transactions in the 30 largest business groups do not adversely affect other firms included in the smaller business groups.

대중국 해외투자의 국내고용 및 투자에 대한 효과분석

박승록(Seung Rok Park) 한국경제연구원 2005 한국경제연구원 연구보고서 Vol.2005-20 No.-

This study examines the effects of Korea's outward foreign direct investment to China in view of the domestic employment and investment. Main findings are that job of about 134,000 was disappeared and domestic investment of 50 billion won was reduced in Korea during 1993~2003 by Korea's outward foreign direct investment to China. These effects are growing more rapidly as Korea's investment to China increases.