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이스마엘의 진리 탐색: Moby-Dick의 고래학장들을 중심으로
노동욱 ( Noh¸ Dong Wook ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2012 영어권문화연구 Vol.5 No.2
One of the most important interests of Herman Melville was the discovery of truth and the issue of its representation. This dissertation attempts to read Moby-Dick as a novel that embodies Melville's discovery of truth and its issue of representation. As it is well known, Moby-Dick is an experiment of several different formats and a mix that includes the travelogue, the sermon, the tragedy, and the epic. The heterogeneous experiment and mix of such formats seem to be inevitable in a novel like Moby-Dick, which deals with the discovery of unobtainable truth and the issue of its representation, and this may even be regarded as the result of the author's great efforts. One of the aspects that distinguished Moby-Dick from the existing traditional novel format was the side branch stories including the “Cetology” chapter. By going beyond the level of defending or justifying the formal characteristics of the cetological chapters, this dissertation attempts to apply analysis focusing on how these cetological chapters actually add thematic meaning to Moby-Dick, what role they play, and what effect they possess. In short, the side branch stories do not stop at being simply digressions that suggest ancillary narration or introduction of the subject matter of whales and whaling from both the aspects of quantity as well as content, but also are considered important parts that endow pursuit of truth and the meaning of representation to the main story of the tracking of the whale. Therefore, this dissertation, by analyzing in detail the side branch stories including Chapter 32 “Cetology,” looks into the role of these chapters, especially, what role these chapters perform in relation to the inquiry into truth and its representation. The first chapter of the main body of this dissertation looks into how the cetological chapters emphasize the difficulty of grasping the truth of the whale, and by extension, the search for truth and the difficulty of its representation. The difficulty of grasping the truth of the whale interflows with the sublimity of the whale, which emphasizes this sublimity with the obscurity of the search for truth. The second chapter of the main body attempts to examine how the cetological chapters imply the attitude whalers/artists must adopt in pursuing and searching for the whale/truth. This, in other words, involves suggesting the limits of scientific methodology and implies the courage to directly see, feel and ‘experience’ the ‘living’ whale. Lastly, the final third chapter of the main body attempts to examine how the cetological chapters emphasize the importance of the ‘relativity’ of truth, and ‘the interpretive act’ of truth itself, which is realized by Ishmael in the process of his search for truth. This is clearly revealed through the comparison between Ahab and Ishmael.
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『멋진 신세계』에 나타난 진보된 과학과 인간의 자유의 문제
노동욱 ( Dong Wook Noh ) 21세기영어영문학회 2012 영어영문학21 Vol.25 No.3
Scientistic utopian novels originating from the idea of “New Atlantis” in the 17th century have expressed the desire to change people`s lives into a more developed and advanced state by borrowing the power of science as the 18th and 19th centuries progressed. However, it is notable that Aldous Huxley`s novel Brave New World (1932) started off from a totally different context than prior utopian novels. Unlike writers such as Francs Bacon who dreamt of realizing a utopia, Huxley considered the problems that could occur when the utopia they dreamt of became reality, and planned his novel Brave New World with the aim of guarding against the realization of a utopia. In other words, the fantasy dreamt up by Bacon, that is, the fabrication of science against human life and nature was a nightmare to the 20th-century Huxley, and the great pains of dreaming up a scientific utopia was ironically reversed into the toil of preventing the utopia from happening and returning to a non-utopian society. In his foreword of 1946, Huxley established the nightmare he depicted in Brave New World as occurring 600 years later, but he predicted that the horror of this nightmare would actually be realized within a hundred years while warning against the rapid advance of scientific technology and its side effects. We who are living in the modern day of the 21st century are witnessing a much more rapid advance in scientific technology than what Huxley had experienced in the 20th century, and therefore, we need to pay attention to the voice warning against its side effects. Huxley`s novel Brave New World contains the humanistic self-examination that questions whether the ideal we aspired to is heading in the right direction and is significant in that it involves the serious introspection reflecting on how the human race may be in the state of heaven or hell due to the power of science. The epigraph of Brave New World hints at Huxley`s desire to return to a world less perfect but more free, while the foreword to Brave New World Revisited (1958) explores what he terms “the subject of freedom and its enemies.” This paper addresses this problem of human freedom in a scientifically advanced society. In Brave New World, Huxley is in a certain way projecting the side effects that occur when science is combined with totalitarianism while pointing out the prices paid for the advance in science and the gains made within society, or in other words, the individuality, freedom, independence, humanity, and various human emotions lost in the name of advancement and security. By contrasting the ideological language of Brave New World with Shakespearean language, this paper reveals that Huxley cautions against the disciplinary power of language that is concomitant with scientific advancement. The paper also examines in Brave New World the process in which human beings are denied free will and existential worth as a result of the sole pursuit of security in a society and community through advanced scientific technology.
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