『자에는 자로』에 나타난 관객 반응 연구

남현숙(Hyun Sook Nam) 한국셰익스피어학회 2008 셰익스피어 비평 Vol.44 No.4

This paper aims to study the audience's response in the problem play, Measure for Measure. It does not permit its audience to become emotionally involved to any extent. Characters' inconsistencies and contradictions prevent the audience from identifying with them. Instead, this play frequently reminds audience that he or she is the only observer of these perplexing characters. Likewise, the obvious display of thematic issues tends to de-emphasize emotional involvement. Measure for Measure initially draws the attention of the audience, but after the opening act of the play, the audience's relationship to the play begins to change. The audience's expectations, based on its assumption that this play is romance, are soon frustrated during the second or the third act. A new identity does not emerge to serve as a guideline for directing the audience's anticipations. The audience cannot reconcile the Duke's inclination for manipulation and his questionable morals with the role of the conventional Disguised Ruler of romance. The most distinctive form which distinguishes this play from other comedies is that the final scene of the play is open-ended. The play frustrates the audience's expectations by ending inconclusively. The audience leaves the theater without the comfort of a genuine resolution often because the seemingly happy endings seem to be only mechanical results of the plot. Marriage, for example, is usually the most satisfactory comic conclusion in romance. But the marriages at the end of Measure jar Measure produce the opposite effect on the audience. The ending of Measure for Measure leaves the audience disconnected, so the audience remains in a state of indecision. The audience leaves the theater unable to solve the dilemma of the play's ending. In a sense, the play continues to involve the audience with the play precisely because it lacks the solution. Shakespeare keeps the audience concerned with the dilemma which the play causes after the audience leaves the theater. Thus this play, Measure for Measure, is Shakespeare's highly experimental one.

관객반응을 위한 셰익스피어의 실험적 기법:「트로일러스와 크레시다」 를 중심으로

남현숙(Hyun Sook Nam) 한국영미어문학회 2015 영미어문학 Vol.- No.118

This study aims to show that the ambivalent response felt by the audience of the Troilus and Cressida was a purposeful effect achieved by Shakespeare’s dramatic technique. The play is a story interwoven with love and war plots which produces a continual alternation between narrative stasis and narrative movement. And the story consists of the contradictory behavior of the characters, a static narrative, anticlimax, and the unresolved ending. Shakespeare manipulates audience response to the various characters and events using the degenerative theory. The response of the audience is created by various dramatic techniques which create a movement in the play that alternately attracts and repels the audience. The playwright achieves a detachment by the technique of inflation and deflation. Expectations are aroused and lowered between scenes; expectations of character are inflated by descriptions by other characters and then deflated by actual portrayals. The play dose not permit its audience to become emotionally involved to any extent. Thus Shakespeare keeps the audience concerned with the puzzle which the play entails after the play ends. So this play may be called an aspect of life. It deals with two all important facets of civilization: love and war. The playwright may tell us that the play is not resolved because these problems are never resolved and human cruelty, self-deception and lust go on through the generations.

『여름과 연기』의 개성화를 통한 자아 완성

남현숙(Hyun Sook Nam) 한국영미어문학회 2010 영미어문학 Vol.- No.94

Tennessee williams gradually becomes more aware that there is something beyond attainment, as his dramatic craft develops from 1947 to 1961, from Summer and Smoke to The Night of the Iguana. Williams realizes that this "something," the comprehension of the "Self," is a dream, an unreachable ideal. Nevertheless, in Williams’spiritual reality, life has got to be allowed to continue even after the dream of life is over. As Esther Jackson points out, a study of Williams' symb이c structure shows more correspondences with the archetypal theories of C. G. Jung. Williams' thematic content is "human odyssey" or the journey toward human understanding derived from Jung's theory. Williams’plays contain numerous important affinities to Jung’s theories of Archetype. So Williams’play may be more clearly understood with the aid of Jungian archeηpes (persona, shadow, anima, animus) and Jungian concepts, that is neurosis, soul-image, individuation. This paper aims to analyze an explicit spiritual inclination in Williams' play, Summer and Smoke and fully understand the characters and their individuation with the aid of Jungian psychology. In the drama John and Alma are confronted with conflicts caused by psychological duality Their suffering facets are related to the process of individuation. John's persona is manifested in his sleazy relationship with Rosa, whereas his shadow is personified in Alma. Likewise, Alma’s persona is manifested in her goodness, grace, and gentility, whereas her shadow is personified in John. Each character encounters an objectification of his or her own shadow in the other. Although Alma finally recognizes the existence of another self, instead of realizing that this other person inside her exists simultaneously with her persona, she kills her persona. In other words, Alma deceives not only herself but also John by entirely replacing what is half of her personality with shadow inside her. SO the play ends with Alma’s negative transformation and John’s positive growth In conclusion, the spiritual realities projected by the characters correspond to the Jungian archetypal patterns of persona, shadow, anima-animus, and self. In the light of Jungian archetypal theory, we can clearly understand the individuation process of the characters｡

이중대표소송에 관한 델라웨어 최고법원 판결연구 - Lambrecht v. O'NEAL 3A.3d 277(Del.Supr.2010) -

남현숙(Nam, Hyun Sook),최준선(Choi, June Sun) 성균관대학교 법학연구소 2014 성균관법학 Vol.26 No.4

이중대표소송제도는 소수주주보호와 자회사 이사 등 경영진들의 통제 및 감시를 위하여 효과적이라는 주장이 꾸준히 제기되어 왔으나, 실제로 명문으로 입법이 된 것은 찾아보기 힘들다. 이중대표소송이 인정되고 있는 미국에서도 오랜 논의를 거쳐 형평법상 엄격한 요건 하에 인정하고 있는 것으로 명문화된 제도를 가지고 있는 것은 아니다. 본고에서 살피고자 하는 케이스는 대표소송이 제기되어 계속 중에 회사의 일방적인 조직개편이 개입이 된 경우에 원고적격 유지와 관련하여 델라웨어주 최고법원이 내린 판결이다. 델라웨어주 최고법원은 피인수회사의 주주였던 원고가 인수회사의 주식을 보유하게 되어 주주의 지위를 계속 유지하는 한 원고적격을 갖는다는 사실을 분명히 하여 합병 등 조직개편 이후의 이중대표소송이 계속될 수 있음을 밝혔다. 이는 국내 이중대표소송 및 다중대표소송과 관련한 논쟁에서 원고적격과 관련하여 합리적인 기준을 제시하는데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이라고 생각한다. 더불어 최근에 일본이 엄격한 요건 하에 다중대표소송을 인정하여 시행을 앞두고 있으므로 그 내용도 간략하게나마 살펴보고자 한다. A double derivative action is considered protection of minority shareholders and supervision or control of executives, office directors, etc. However, there is no enacting legislations even United States where has approved widely a double(multi) derivative action. It has been debated as to whether or not a double derivative action is accepted or not, even when it was approved in the courts, that basis was various. In Lambrecht, the Delaware Supreme Court clarified the standing requirements for maintaining a double derivative suit. Lambrecht effectively animated the double derivative remedy, especially following stock-for-stock mergers. Lambrecht would be the reading case for the “post-merger” parent company and shareholders, lawyers. In addition, Lambrecht will help to design the standard for standing to sue in the post-merger double derivative, in Korea.

All's Well That Ends WEll : 귀족의 진정한 명예

남현숙(Nam Hyun-Sook) 한국셰익스피어학회 1996 셰익스피어 비평 Vol.28 No.-

맥베스의 아크라시아

남현숙(Hyun-sook Nam) 한국셰익스피어학회 2020 셰익스피어 비평 Vol.56 No.3

“Why does Macbeth kill Duncan?” has been a dominant question of the readers of Macbeth, and traditionally the play has been read as a morality tale about the perils of ambition. But The aim of this paper is to shift the question to “Why Macbeth can not refrain from killing Duncan?” This article draws attention to the striking fact that, in killing king Duncan, Macbeth acts against the ethical and pragmatic considerations that constitute his decisive better judgment. This suggests the possibility that Macbeth’s much discussed ambition can be understood as a subset of the broader theme of akrasia. Acrasia is a kind of mental condition in which an agent is unable to perform an action he knows to be right. This study suggests two interrelated explanations of Macbeth’s akrasia. First, Macbeth’s connection to the motivational conditions of his knowledge is shallow, and he suffers from his weakness of will. Second, Macbeth’s incontinence is habitual because his weak connection to the conative dimension of his knowledge prohibits him from appealing to techniques of skilled resistance. Finally, his habitual lack of self-control renders him vulnerable to Lady Macbeth’s taunts, which not only depletes the motivation supporting his better judgment but also prevents him from giving full deliberative weight to his better judgment. In conclusion, while Macbeth, taken to his rational nature, knows well that he ought not to kill Duncan, he, led by his specific emotional tendencies, does not know that he ought not to kill Duncan. In the case of Macbeth, knowledge is not enough to prevent his murder.

항공사의 상용고객우대제도 변경에 관한 법적 고찰 -미국 연방대법원의 Northwest, Inc. v. Ginsberg사례를 중심으로-

남현숙 ( Hyun Sook Nam ),최준선 ( June Sun Choi ) 한국항공우주정책.법학회(구 한국항공우주법학회) 2015 한국항공우주정책·법학회지 Vol.30 No.1

무한경쟁시대를 맞이한 항공업계에서 고객의 충성도를 높이고 신규 고객을 유치하기 위하여 상용고객우대제도는 아주 기본적인 마케팅 툴로 이용되고 있다. 초기에는 단순히 탑승마일리지만을 적립해 주는 형태였지만, 최근에는 동종 유사 업체와의 제휴를 통하여 마일리지 적립 형태가 다양화 되었고 마일리지 이용하여 탑승권뿐만 아니라 물건을 구입하는 등 사용할 수 있는 곳 또한 많아졌다. 따라서 소비자는 항공 마일리지를 단순히 덤의 개념으로 인식하지 않고, 자신이 쌓은 일종의 재산으로 생각하고 있다. 그러나 항공 마일리지 적립 액이 많아지면서 항공사에 부담이 되기 시작하자 항공사가 일방적으로 상용고객우대제도의 변경으로 적립된 마일리지를 소진하려고 하면서 고객과의 분쟁 또한 증가하고 있다. 항공사의 마일리지 프로그램과 관련하여 2014년에는 미국 연방대법원에서 판결이 있었는데, 이 판결에서 미국 연방대법원은 항공규제완화법을 근거로 항공 마일리지 멤버쉽 변경 등을 합당하다고 주장한 항공사의 손을 들어준 바 있다. 반면 미국과 같이 항공사에게 ``운임, 항로, 서비스에 관한`` 자율성을 보장해 주는 실정법이 없는 국내에서는 항공사 약관의 불공정성 여부를 판단하여 분쟁을 해결하고 있다. 이러한 분쟁은 항공 마일리지를 일종의 재산이라고 인식하고 있는 소비자와 단순한 마케팅 수단이라고 인식하고 있는 항공사간의 기본적인 시각 차이에 있다고 할 것이다. 오늘날의 항공산업은 글로벌 경쟁이 특히나 치열한 분야중 하나이다. 아시아 지역의 항공수요가 점점 많아지고 있는데다 저가 항공사들의 신규 진입, 항공 시장의 지역별 통합 등 항공시장이 점차 다양한 구조적 변화를 보이고 있다. 이제는 항공시장에서 기본적인 프로그램인 상용고객우대제도의 운용에 있어서도 새로운 관점이 필요한 때다. Since American Airlines launched AAdvantage which was the first Frequent Flyer Program in 1981, many people has accumulated mileage credits, and now, frequent flyer program(FFP) is the universal marketing tool to the airlines. These days, airlines establish a strategic alliance with domestic and foreign companies of various fields ; other airlines, travel agencies, car hire firms, hotels, department stores, even credit card companies. However, more people want to use their mileage credits, more airlines reject to approve that or change frequent flyer program against their customers. Last year, Northwest, Inc. v. Ginsberg, the United State Supreme Court made a decision that the preemption provision of Airlines Deregulation Act(ADA) preempts state laws related to rates, routes and services for air carriers including implied covenant of good faith and fare dealing. Thus, the claim of Ginsberg was canceled, it means that Northwest Inc. could terminated one-sidedly his membership in the frequent flyer program. In the contrast, Korea does not have the statute like ADA. If customers file a claim on FFP like Ginsberg, the courts of Korea judge whether the clauses of standard form contract are unfair or not. Therefore, in this article, Ginsberg would be checked on legal issues and be compared briefly with the courts`` ruling in Korea.

A Study on Shakespeare's Problem Plays

Nam Hyun-Sook(남현숙) 새한영어영문학회 1990 새한영어영문학 Vol.24 No.-

한국 유아원 아동 어머니의 놀이와 일의 개념 - 질적인 접근

남현숙(Hyun Sook Nam) 한국아동학회 1992 아동학회지 Vol.13 No.2

Although play is a key element in child development, little research has been done on how play is conceptualized by adults directly involved with children on a daily basis. The purpose of the study was to determine meanings of the concept play held by mothers of preschool children in Korea. Specifically, the study sought to determine Korean mothers` conceptions of the nature and functions of play, and their conceptions of play in contrast to work. An open-ended/semi-structured interview instrument was constructed to generate research data. Interview questions focused on three content categories: (1) the nature of play, (2) the functions of play, and (3) conceptions of work. Questions in each content category consisted of four distinct types: (1) experience/behavioral, (2) opinion/value, (3) feeling, and (4) knowledge. The instrument was pilot-tested with two subjects, revised, and administered to eleven mothers of preschool children. Interview data were subjected to domain and taxonomic analyses. Analyses yielded two principal themes: (1) Play is viewed as an intrinsically motivated and pleasurable activity; (2) while play and work could be consonant, the values inherent in play and work are generally in opposition.

이사의 적극적 감시활동 : Marchand v. Barnhill - 212 A.3d 805 (Del. 2019)을 중심으로 Directors active oversight role

남현숙(Nam, Hyun Sook),신용훈(Shin, Yong Hoon) 성균관대학교 법학연구원 2021 성균관법학 Vol.33 No.4

이사는 이사회의 구성원으로서 회사의 업무집행에 관한 것을 결의하고 직무권한을 행사함에 있어서 선량한 관리자로서의 역할을 다하여야 한다. 또한 이사는 이사회의 일원으로 대표이사와 이사의 직무집행을 감시할 수 있다. 이사의 감시의무는 실정법상 개념은 아니나, 판례는 이사의 감시의무를 인정하고, 이를 위반할 경우 회사에 대한 손해배상책임까지 인정하고 있다. 최근 미국 델라웨어주 대법원에서는 이사의 감시, 감독 기능과 관련하여 눈에 띄는 판결을 내놓았다. 이는 이후 판결에도 영향을 주어 강화된 이사의 감시의무의 기준점이 되고 있다. 최근 국내 법원에서 담합사건과 관련하여 이사의 감시의무에 대하여 기존보다 강한 책임을 요구하는 판결이 나왔고, 이 또한 일련의 델라웨어주 판결 흐름과 무관하지 않아 보인다. 본고에서는 대상 델라웨어주 판결을 비롯하여 이후의 판결에 대하여 살피고자 한다. 이는 국내에서도 이사의 감시 의무 및 책임과 관련하여 중요한 지침이 될 수 있을 것이라고 생각한다. As members of the board of directors, the corporate directors have to fulfil their roles with good faith in making decisions, execution of the company s duties and exercising their authorities. They can also monitor the CEO s and other directors performances. The oversight duty in the U.S. corporate law comes from a fiduciary duty. About 25 years ago, Delaware supreme court imposed a fiduciary duty on a board of directors to supervise or oversee a company s compliance systems. Recently, Delaware supreme court developed directors oversight duty through Marchand v. Barnhill. This case s standards maintained in Clovis case(In re Clovis Oncology, Inc. Derivative Litigation), and it will be expected to develop consistently in the future. In Korea, Supreme Court and Seoul High Court ruled against directors for their oversight duties(Supreme Court Decision 2017Da222368, Seoul High Court Decision 2020Na2034989). They also seem to reflect Delaware cases, so the analysis for related cases in this article will be able to give some help for establishing guidelines or standards of companies compliance systems and directors duty of oversight.