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나채근 신영어영문학회 2001 신영어영문학 Vol.19 No.-
One of the most important phases in American literary history is roughly the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Theodore Dreiser considered this period as one of socioeconomic, political, and cultural upheavals, which transformed the lives of the American peoply. For the people at large, the whole scale of values underwent a trasformation, and an entire nation danced to the tunes of the pied pipers of financial and political success. In the face both of these socio-economic upheavals and of the subsequent threat to American ideals, Dreiser directed his attention increasingly to the changing situation. Dreiser showed the limitations of individuals affected by the distorted values of society in seral of his works, most notably in An American Tragedy (1925). Clyde Griffiths in An American Tragedy lives a passive life restrained by social conventions and institutions. Dreiser considered that such a society exerted its inexorable influence on helpless individual. However, a society which destroys individuals can also be destroyed in the end. That is because such a society has its unavoidable faults. To explain these social faults, Dreiser introduces the theory of entropy. Theodore Dreiser's novel, An American Tragedy, has the property of Entropy. Entropy says that the energy of the universe at all times moves toward maximum heat dissipation. Just as heat moves by itself from hotter to colder bodies, so all forms of energy move in a unque direction, from a higher to a lower level. That is, it serves as a measure of irreversibility in the process of change. The last phase of Entropy is that of dissipation of heat energy. Because the action of heat being dissipated can't be reversed, the result will be what we call "heat-death" in which the activity of molecules that causes heat stops. Owing to this property of irreversibility in entropy, energy which is useful must change into energy which is useless; life must change into death; order must change into disorder; and the new must change into the old. Social phenomena can also be explained by entropy. An open society which can comprehend various and contradictiory opinions can create harmony in a chaotic situation which seems to be confused. A closed socity, however, which is dishones and standardized is destined to collapse even though this uniform society seem to be organized efficiently and orderly. In An American Tragedy, social forces represent themselves through caste, law, and religion. Clyde dies because he never fully understands the immoral and hypocritical social trap in America. Dreiser frankly shows Clyde was sacrificed to an American society filled with vulgar material values, unreasonable class consciousness, and conventional morality. Dreiser signifies that the society in An American Tragedy must transfer form an open society, which has a harmonious and natural life to a closed society which is stricken by bad customs, institutions, dishonesty, and disorder.
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