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Orthopantomogram을 이용한 하악공 및 하악관에 관한 연구
김희상,Kim Hee-Sang 대한영상치의학회 1983 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.13 No.1
The mandibular canal must be considered carefully during surgical treatment, especially surgical extraction of the impacted tooth and intraosseous implant because it contains the important inferior alveolar nerve and vessels. The author investigated the curvatUre of the mandibular canal, the positional frequency of mandibular foramen to the occlusal plane and gonial angle and the positional frequency of the mental foramen to the tooth site using orthopantomograms. The materials consisted of 295 orthopantomograms divided into seven groups ranging from the first decade to 6th. decade. The results were as follows: 1. The position of mandibular foramen was most frequently below occlusal plane in Group Ⅰ (78.6%) and Group Ⅱ (71.2%), above occlusal plane in Group Ⅲ (63.0%), Group IV (71.1%), Group V (57.6%), Group (76.7%) and Group VII (70.0%). 2. The curvature of mandibular canal was 142.8° in Group Ⅰ, 142.09° in Group Ⅱ, 139.34° in Group Ⅲ, 141.48° in Group Ⅳ, 138.45° in Group Ⅴ, 140.77° in Group Ⅵ and 143.89° in Group Ⅶ. 3. The gonial angie was 125.82° in Group Ⅰ, 123.18° in Group Ⅱ, 124.06° in Group Ⅲ, 120.45° in Group Ⅳ, 121.12° in Group Ⅴ, 121.63° in Group Ⅵ and 121.24° in Group Ⅶ. 4. The position of the menta] foramen was most frequently below the apex of mandibular first premolar in Group Ⅰ (57.2%), between the apex of mandibular first and second premolar in Group Ⅱ (59.6%) and Group Ⅲ (48.9%), and below the apex of mandibular second premolar in Group Ⅳ (39.2%), Group Ⅴ (48.5%) Group Ⅵ(46.6%) and Group Ⅶ(56.4%)
중앙아시아의 거점, 대우즈베키스탄 외교의 현황과 향후 과제
김희상 ( Kim Hee-sang ) 한국외교협회 2022 외교 Vol.142 No.0
우즈베키스탄은 아시아와 유럽을 연결하는 유라시아 대륙의 한복판, 중앙아시아의 한 가운데 위치한 나라이다. 우즈베키스탄의 인구는 3천4백만 명으로 중앙아 5개국 전체 인구의 45%를 차지하고 있다. 이러한 지정학적 위치로 고대로부터 실크로드의 길목이기도 했고 19세기 영국과 러시아 간 Great Game의 무대이기도 했다. 1991년 소련에서 독립한 우즈베키스탄은 2016년 집권한 미르지요예프 대통령의 개혁 기조하에 외환 자유화를 포함한 개혁개방 정책을 착실히 진행하고 있다. 우즈베키스탄에 거주하는 18만 고려인과 1992년 독립 직후 대우자동차를 비롯한 한국 기업들의 대규모 투자진출로 한국은 그동안 우즈베키스탄과의 관계에서 특별한 지위를 누려왔다. 그러나 양국 수교 30주년을 기념하고 있는 지금 중국의 부상에 따른 미·중 간 경쟁과 우크라이나 사태를 계기로 한 러시아와 서방 간 갈등으로 중앙아시아를 둘러싼 국제정세가 더욱 복잡해지면서 양국은 기존에 합의된 특별 전략적 동반자 관계를 기반으로 앞으로 중앙아시아 지역에 맞는 지역 협력 네트워크 구축을 위한 새로운 방안들을 모색해야 할 시점에 이르렀다. 현지 정치 시스템을 고려한 실용주의 기반 정상외교 추진, 한국의 국가발전 경험을 공유할 수 있는 ODA 지원 정책, 지구촌 한민족 공동체 구축을 위한 중요한 파트너인 18만 고려인들과 한국 문화를 사랑하는 젊은이들을 대상으로 한 적극적인 문화·공공외교를 통해 한국과 우즈베키스탄은 경제안보 시대 더욱 든든한 파트너로 발전할 수 있을 것이다. Uzbekistan is located in the center of the Central Asia and its population is over 45% of that of all Central Asian countries. Due to its location and population, Uzbekistan has been a hub of Central Asia since ancient times. Since 1992 when Korea and Uzbekistan made diplomatic relationship, Korea has enjoyed special welcome from Uzbek people due to the existence of 180,000 Korean diaspora and large scale investment from Korean companies such as Daewoo automobile in early 90’s. Currently Korea and Uzbekistan are celebrating their 30th anniversary of diplomatic relations, and it is time to consider possible ways to further enhance strategic cooperation for the future. Continuing summit diplomacy, ODA based on Korea’s own experience of economic growth, and active cultural and public diplomacy toward Korean diaspora and young Uzbek people who love Korean culture such as K-pop and Korean soap opera could be such an example.
독자적 억제전략이 해답 : 북한 3차 핵실험에 대한 10문 10답
김희상(KIM Hee-Sang) 신아시아연구소(구 신아세아질서연구회) 2013 신아세아 Vol.20 No.1
To United States. China or other nations in the world, North Korea nuclear issue might be regarded as one of mere international security problems. somewhat headachy one. but to us. it is just the issue of life or death. Moreover there seems to be no perfect countermeasure to solve NK's nuclear threat to us in fact. excepting its dismantlement. If the day comes when NK is recognized as one of the nuclear powers in the international community, our preponderant national power over NK today would be useless. and Republic of Korea would become a strategic pigmy all of a sudden. therefore the possibility of being dragged gradually and pushed to cross the threshold of communization seems high. Though the peace maintains. the peace would be no more than a slavery one. However the dismantlement of NK nuclear appears far from easy. NK's enforcement of third nuclear test amongst strong international sanctions proves that NK's will to posses nuclear is strong enough for international community to crush down. It seems doubtful whether recent UNSCR 2094, which contains unprecedented high level sanctions. would work feasibly to dismantle NK nuclear. Russia and Japan. member states of so-called six party talks seem to have little interest and no influence. and US tries to solve through China who pays more attention to protect NK regime rather than to dismantle NK nuclear. It means that if we go along the way like this, then NK nuclear would eventually become a fail accompli. If so. what should we do now? The only way for us to take is 'free unification of Korean Peninsula', as pointed out by the former Deputy Secretary of State Armitage on his '2nd Report' dated February 2007, and as widely shared by many experts. For us today whether willing or not. there is no other way but to suspend 'the deactivation of CFC ' firstly, set the national prepared posture against NK's various complex provocations. deter and respond to them properly, and move up the free unification to our best. For this end, above all. we need to encompass neighboring Big Fours. especially 'ROK-US alliance ' and "ROK-China relationship" together. Fortunately when we see the recent situations in China and US. it seems to be viable. Even NK's playing the reckless 'nuclear game', according as we handle it. is likely to work and help the viability raised up. Moreover it is said that today's NK in fact is reaching at the limit point of regime existence. /ls we see through the realities in NK, lead the South-North relationship, get the mind of North populace. and make every effort for the goal of 'free unification', then the chance will surely come before long. So far. at least it seems clear that the future of Korean peninsula depends on our will and vision.