국방획득관리규정 개정 소개(6차 개정, '03. 2)

김종천,Kim, Jong-Cheon 한국방위산업진흥회 2003 國防과 技術 Vol.- No.288

국방회기득관리규정의 주요 개정내용을 제시하였다. 국방획득관리제도가 기준면에서 아무리 합리적이고 절차면에서 구체화되었다고 하더라도 이해가 미흡하여 준수되지 않거나 또는 활용되지 않는다면 그 효용이 저하될 것이다. 무기체계 획득관련 기관.부서 담당자 및 방위산업에 종사하는 관계관들은 해당분야의 개정내용을 숙독해 주기를 바란다. 앞으로도 획득제도 시행상에 도출되는 문제점은 지속적으로 발굴하여 개선해 나갈 예정이다.

상수도 정책방향과 대책

김종천,Kim, Jong-Cheon 한국상하수도협회 1997 水道 Vol.24 No.2

정부의 ESS 보급정책과 ESS 융합솔루션 지원 사업 및 추진 방향

김종천,Kim, Jong-Cheon 대한전기협회 2014 전기저널 Vol.453 No.-

減水劑가 콘크리트에 미치는 影響

김종천,도덕현,Kim, Jong-Cheon,Doh, Duk-Hyun 한국농공학회 1982 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.24 No.2

A study on the effect of water reducing agent on the various characteristics of concrete has been conducted. The experimental results of the study are summarized as follows. 1. Slump test for the concrete added water reducing setretarding agent in proper quantity have been conducted. According to the test results, the decreasing rate of slump value become bigger than plain concrete with increase of the unit weight of cement and elapse of time 2. In case the proper quantity content of maximum compressive strength in Fig. 5 of water reducing set retarding agent is added, unit weight of water is decreased about 15% or so as compared with plain concrete. with the increase of water reducing set accelerating agent content unit weight of water is decreased much more, And other hand, amount of air entraining shows the increasing tendency with the increase of water reducing agent content. 3. The adding rate of water reducing agent which produce maximum strength shows that WR-CH and WR-SA which is water reducing set-starding agent is 0.2% and WR-CO is 0.5% and that WS-PO which is water reducing set accelerating agent is 0.5 4. compressive strength jof the concrete made of sulfate resistant cement shows less than the strength of normal portland cement at initial strength but the strength of both cement shows almost same at curing age of 28 days. 5. when proper quantity of water reducing set retarding agent is used, boned strength is increased about 15% at curing age of 28days. 6. According to the result of durability test, dynamic young's mudulus of elasticity at plain concrete is decreased about 50% as compared with initial step at 300 cycle of freezing and thawing after curing age of days. on the contarary the concrete used water reducing agent is decreased less than 7%.

상하수도 정책 - 우리나라 수도사업 체질개선이 시급하다

김종천,Kim, Jong-Cheon 한국상하수도협회 2008 한국상하수도협회지 Vol.23 No.-

대규모 정전사태 방지를 위한 에너지수요관리 법제도 개선 방안

김종천 ( Jong Cheon Kim ) 홍익대학교 법학연구소 2014 홍익법학 Vol.15 No.1

The September 15, 2011 blackout incident proves the fact that Korea`s electricity demand overweighs electricity supply during every year`s winter and summer festivals. Thus, public demands the government (Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy) to come up with more effective energy saving measures. The distorted price structure system that does not reflect current production price is highly criticized as being obstacles for energy-saving efforts. Wolsong nuclear power generator no.1 in Gyeongju has stopped due to malfunctioning in October and November of 2012. Also Yeonggwang Nuclear Power generator no.5 and no.6 in 1,000,000-kW class will be stop by the end of this year. During intensively cold period in this winter, Korea possibly will face a major blackout. In this respect, we must say that there is a limitation because existing regulation-oriented energy policy system cannot manage energy demand effectively. There are no applicable provisions regarding status of “public interest,” legal principles on the efficiency of Administrative law, and demand management, as constitutional basis and limit for energy demand management. Nevertheless, as constitutional basis and limit for energy demand management, policies regarding energy development can be derived (the Mining Law and Submarine Mineral Resources Development Act), energy demand management can be based on the Constitutional Law Article 37 Section 2. Since such legislation related to energy demand management policy may fall under restriction of fundamental rights, it should be consistent with principle of proportionality. However, regulating energy saving policy to energy consumer for energy demand management may constitutionally violate the individual freedom. For example, Rational Energy Utilization Act enforcement regulations Article 31 Section 2 requires that “standard for thermal limits of air conditioning and heating under Article 36 Section 2 Subsection 1(the “thermal limits”) are as follows: air conditioning: above 2 6℃ and heating: below 20 ℃, except for sales facilities and airport where air conditioning thermal limit shall be above 25℃.” In addition, requiring energy supplier to improve energy efficiency for energy demand management means limiting business occupation and therefore we should check whether it violates the principle of proportionality. It should be regarded as not conforming with principle of proportionality. As main content of Low Carbon Green Growth Act, there are fundamental principles such as energy policies (Article 39 Section 2), energy basic planning, and greenhouse gas energy target system. Building Act, for the purpose of energy demand management, legalized Green Building Certification Program, Intelligent Building Certification Program, vitalization of building environment friendly buildings and efficient energy usage of buildings, and Building Energy Efficiency Rating System (Energy Consumption Certification for real estate transactions). However, it was criticized for being under control of Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs. This can be seen as the basis law for demand management program according to Rational Energy Utilization Act. In such law, there are many demand management systems such as energy use efficiency measure for national and provincial organizations and demand management investment plans of energy supplier, efficient energy consumption managing equipment labeling system, average energy consumption efficiency system and improvement order, standby power reduction product endorsing system, standby power reduction excellent product labelling system and preferential purchasing system, high efficiency energy equipment certifying system and preferential purchasing system, support system for energy service company, support system of companies which entered into agreements voluntarily, support system of energy management system, reporting system of energy glutton business and mandatory system of energy diagnosis, notification system of target energy consumption rate setting, utilization of waste heat, heat using machinery management - registration of certain heat using machinery, examination of machinery subject to inspection, appointment of operators for machinery subject to inspection, etc. Recently, developed countries have adopted several programs to strengthen energy demand management and they include: USA`s EERS, England`s EEC and CERT, EU`s efficiency management program for energy using machinery, Germany`s 2000 National Climate Protection Program enacted in 2005, Co2-building improvement and maintenance program enacted in 2001, Renewable Energy Law enacted in 2004, German Greenhouse Gas Emission Allowance Trading Act (TEHG) enacted in 2007 and Energy Saving Regulation (EnEV) enactment, quota law, and Japan`s “Top-Runner System” for energy use rationalization. These programs have been adopted for the purpose of energy saving and thus provide many implications to Korean legislation. Therefore, for energy demand management, “improvement on energy efficiency obligation” system was included to Rational Energy Usage Law Article 9 Section 2. Also, following improvement plans were suggested: Top-Runner System adoption plan, “energy conservation stickers on electronics” adoption plan (Section 65 Subsection 2), and “Energy Storage System (ESS) and smart grid (intelligence power grid) construction scheme” for Building and Promoting Smart Grid Act, enacted on May 24, 2011.

“책임 및 구제에 관한 추가의정서” 국내 이행 법률(안)에 대한 평가와 전망

김종천 ( Jong Cheon Kim ) 홍익대학교 법학연구소 2015 홍익법학 Vol.16 No.1

The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) went into effect in December 1993 with the safety of biological engineering and LMOs (Living Modified Organism) included. The inclusion of the biological engineering and LMOs laid the foundation of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (CPB). Following the move, the second Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the CBD in Jakarta, Indonesia in 1995 established the Open-ended Ad Hoc Working Group on Biosafety and the extraordinary meeting of the COP to the CBD in Montreal on January 29, 2000 adopted ‘Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety’. The ‘Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety’ of the CBD was finally concluded on January 29, 2000 after five years of discussion. The CPB aims to prevent any hazard occurring from the transboundary movements of LMOs and its possible hazard to the environment and humans. The main features of CPB include AIA (Advanced Informed Agreement), precautionary principle, hazard assessment and management, transport and use, storage, and the operation of biosafety information centre. The CPB sets forth on Article 27 that ‘the COP should adopt a process with respect to the appropriate international rules and procedures in the field of liability and redress for damage resulting from transboudary movements of living modified organisms, and should endeavour to complete this process within four years.’ However, the specific details of such liability and redress with respect to the damage resulting from living modified organisms have not been established. The 5th Conference of the Parties to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety on October 2010 adopted Nagoya-Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress. As of June 2014, total 25 states including the EU have entrusted the statement of ratification, acceptance, endorsement or join and up to 40 states are likely to rectify the Supplementary Protocol by October 2014. There are voices demanding the joining of the Supplementary Protocol as the future hosting country of the Cartagena Protocol whereas the opposite side demands that the signing the Supplementary Protocol should be cautious. Those who take the cautious position say that Korea, as the importer of GMOs, should establish the appropriate laws and closely follow the international move before signing in order to conserve biodiversity and to promote public health. This paper has come to the conclusion that we need to establish the legislative bill to implement the ‘Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress’ domestically as one of the parties which has been making good practice on the international biosafety. There may be controversy over the bill in terms of whether it should be an independent law or a part of the Act on Transboundary Movements of Living Modified Organisms and Other Related Matters (the LMO Act). The bill should be included in the parent law, the LMO Act, with a provision on definition. Provisions that will be included in the legislative model are the concept on ‘the damage resulting from the living modified organisms (LMO)’, the concept on ‘the victim of the LMOs’, the concept on ‘the person who handles the LMOs (business = operator)’, the provision on ‘the liability in regard of the LMOs’, ‘immunities’, ‘assumption of a causal relationship’, ‘the limit of compensation for the damage caused by the LMOs and the compensation process’, ‘the provision on information’, ‘insurance policy’, and ‘statute of limitations.’ Finally, the proposed bill for the domestic implementation on ‘the Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress’ may be not the optimal bill but the starting point of active discussion on the damage caused by the LMOs and the related compensation, which may contribute to the advancement of bioengineering technology, the conservation of biodiversity, and the sustainable use of biodiversity.

그린에너지 원자력발전소의 안전성 확보를 위한 공법적 연구

김종천 ( Jong Cheon Kim ) 홍익대학교 법학연구소 2011 홍익법학 Vol.12 No.3

항공배상책임보험에 관한 고찰

김종천 ( Jong Cheon Kim ) 한국항공우주정책·법학회 1990 한국항공우주정책·법학회지 Vol.2 No.-

어린이 미니컵 젤리 窒息死亡事件에 대한 國家賠償法理 考察

김종천(Kim, Jong-Cheon) 중앙대학교 법학연구원 2011 法學論文集 Vol.35 No.2

In September and December 2010 the Supreme Court decided that the nation could not be held responsible for the compensation in relation to the case of the children's death from suffocation by jelly mini cups. However, the nation has an obligation to scrutinize and test whether there is any risk and danger in connection with food safety regulations to protect people's lives and the bodies. In other words, the nation should be responsible for the compensation if it neglects duties for food safety inspection. In the finial judgement (Ⅰ) and the finial judgement (Ⅱ) of the deaths caused by suffocation from mini-cup jelly, protecting the private interest is required in order to demand that legal profits of the families of the deceased were violated but existence of the illegality is determined depending on how the aim of the norm and the regulations are interpreted and apply on the basis of the former Food Sanitation Act while the KFDA chief and the officials are performing their duties. Therefore the Supreme Court should set up the standard of judgement whether the duties of the KFDA chief and the officials in the former Food Sanitation Act are general public interest or to protect the personal safety and benefit. In conclusion, if the Supreme Court determined the official criteria of officials according to the teleological interpretation methodology, as a result of analysis of the concept-centric methodology in favor of the plaintiff than against the plaintiff may have been ruled. And this is the legal interpretation which is consistent with legal common sense and legal emotion of public. 대법원은 2010년 9월과 12월에 어린이 미니 컵 젤리 질식사건과 관련해서 “국가에 배상책임을 물을 수 없다”라고 하는 두 번의 판결을 선고했다. 하지만 국가가 존재하는 목적은 국민의 생명과 신체 등에 대한 식품안전규제와 관련해서 어떠한 리스크와 위험이 존재하는 지에 대하여 항상 조사하고 검사하여야 할 의무가 있다고 하겠다. 즉 국가는 식품안전에 대한 검사 등의 의무를 소홀히 한 점이 있다고 한다면 배상책임을 져야 한다고 판단된다. 대상판결(Ⅰ)과 대상판결(Ⅱ)에서 미니 컵 젤리로 인하여 窒息死亡한 사건에서, 유가족들이 법률상 이익을 침해당했다고 요구하기 위해서는 “사익보호성”이 요구되는데, 식약청장 및 공무원이 직무를 수행하면서 그 근거가 되는 (구)｢식품위생법｣상의 규범목적과 관련규정을 어떻게 구체화 시켜서 해석 및 적용하느냐에 따라 위법성 존부가 판단된다고 할 것이다. 실제 대상판결(Ⅰ)･(Ⅱ)는 사익보호성과 관련하여, 대상판결(Ⅰ)의 1심법원인 서울중앙지방법원 2006. 8. 17. 선고 2005가합32369 판결과 2심법원인 서울고등법원 2008. 8. 26. 선고 2006다92129 판결 그리고 대상판결(Ⅱ)의 1심법원인 서울중앙지방법원 2006. 12. 8. 선고 2005가합57993 판결 은 “사익보호성”에 대한 별다른 논의 없이 곧바로 배상책임을 인정하였다. 하지만 대상판결(Ⅱ)의 2심법원인 서울고법 2008. 9. 11. 선고 2007나7074 판결에서는 직무행위의 제3자성, 즉 직무행위의 관련규정의 사익보호성 물음을 제기하여 -가정적인 인정의 가능성을 첨언하였지만-, 부정적으로 판단하였다. 하지만 대상판결(Ⅰ)∶大法院 2010. 11. 25. 宣告 2008다67828 判決, 대상판결(Ⅱ)∶大法院 2010. 9. 9. 宣告 2008다77795 판결은“(구)｢식품위생법｣은 국민의 일반의 건강에 위험이 될 식품의 제조, 판매, 수입 등을 규제하고, 국민의 생명과 신체 및 재산상의 안전에 위해를 끼칠 물품이나 용역을 규제함으로써 국민의 전체의 보건을 증진한다고 하는 공공일반의 이익만을 위한 것이 아니라, 그와 함께 사회구성원인 개개인의 건강상의 위해를 방지하는 등의 개별적인 안전과 이익을 직접적으로 보호하는 규정”으로 “사익보호성”을 판단하고 있다. 따라서 대법원은 (구)｢식품위생법｣상 식약청장 및 공무원의 직무상 의무의 내용이 공공 일반의 이익인지, 개인의 안전과 이익을 보호하는 것인지에 대한 판단기준을 마련하여 논증을 하여야 한다고 하겠다. 결론적으론 대법원이 공무원의 직무상 판단 기준을 목적론적 해석방법론에 의거해 판단을 했다면, 개념 중심적 해석방법의 결과인 “원고패소” 판결보다는 “원고승소” 판결이라고 하는 일반인이 생각하는 법 상식 및 법 감정에 합치하는 법해석을 했다고 판단을 할 것이다.