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- 저자 : 김종승(Kim Jong-Soong) (검색결과 2 건)
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키이츠의 정치적 로망스 : 『엔디미언』(Endymion)
김종승(Kim Jong-Soong) 신영어영문학회 2000 신영어영문학 Vol.15 No.-
The aim of this study is to examine Keats's engagement with the events and ideas of his day. While Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron and Shelley have all been studied in relation to contemporary affairs, Keats's poetry, up to the present, has too often been held apart as secluded bower of imagination. This is partly due to the fact that Keats's political and ideological comments are not announced, but are encoded figuratively and symbolically. That's why Keats is stigmatized as an apostle of beauty. Keats would not have cared for this reputation, nor does his work substantiate it. He thought deeply about the role of poetry and the poet in Regency culture, and his poems give evidence of that concern. It was traditional to read Endymion as a deliberate allegory, conceived more or less upon Platonic lines, of the poet's longing for and eventual union with the spirit of ideal beauty. But I view Endymion as a political romance rather than as an allegory, although Endymion from the beginning is given absolutely to a quest for love and finds it. On this basis, the study investigates Keats's attempts to show his political beliefs openly in the opening lines of Book III of Endymion. In these lines, we can see his political view of the oppressive ruling class and the politics of his contemporary England. Keats uses Romantic myth as a way to be freed from the ruling ideology, because Romantic myth has to do with the possible fulfillment of humanity's potential, a potential denied by the dominant political and religious ideology of the day. Keats uses Greek mythology to question Christianity's claims to unique truth. This is shown most clearly in the Glaucus and Scylla episode in Book III. I conclude that Endymion is not a allegory of ideal beauty but a political romance, and that Keats's technique of political romance can be examined through Endymion. Therefore, if we understand Keat's work in context of the historical and ideological conditions of his day, Keats would be seem to be as politically involved as any other Romantic poet.
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키이츠의 상상력과 역사의식 : 「고대 그리스 항아리에 부치는 송시」("Ode on a Grecian Urn")
김종승 한국현대영어영문학회 2000 현대영어영문학 Vol.44 No.2
"Ode on a Grecian Urn" is a short poem, one of Keats's great odes. The urn described in this poem is of marble, and we may infer that the scenes on it are carved in relief. These scenes are two and separate. The one described in the first three stanzas is of "mad pursuit," in which a youth pipes under a tree while another youth pursues a maiden. The other scene is of a sacrificial procession, in which a priest leads a garlanded heifer to a "green altar" and is followed by a company of pious worshippers. But no matter how critics and scholars have described the urn, it is a funeral urn which contains the ashes of the dead, of a civilization that is past. Up to the present, critics and scholars have studied this poem on a basis of the meaning of the last two lines and how they should be interpreted. T. S. Eliot, for example, regarded them as a blemish. This kind of approach does not seem to be a useful interpretation, because Eliot does not consider the historical and ideological context of the poem as New Critics do and the urn's concluding remarks about `beauty' and `truth' might appear to be apt and interchangeable, furthermore the idea of beauty and truth is related to the oppressive political conditions of Keats's day. I treat "Ode on a Grecian Urn" in relation to the imagination and historical consciousness. In Keats's early poetry, his imagination has an aesthetic tendency, later tends to be not only sympathetic imagination, but also political and historical consciousness as expressions of desire for human and society betterment. Despite this poem's expressed and laudable desire to find sexuality and beauty behind the turmoil and mutability of everyday life, it betrays ideologically a form of oppression that Keats and his age never escaped, even when they situated themselves knowingly and firmly against political and ideological tyranny. In other words, the desire of sexuality in the first three stanzas and the love of beauty and truth in the last two lines are the keys to understanding the historical dimension of "Ode on a Grecian Urn", because they display that utopian longing with which emerge from within a context of historical contradiction and hardship in his day. In conclusion, this poem demonstrates the powers of Keats's sympathetic imagination and historical consciousness.
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