In vivo Study on the Japanese Encephalitis

김인범(In-Beom Kim),채수림(Soo-Lim Chae),최우영(Woo-Young Choi),박찬(Chan Park),주영란(Young-Ran Joo),조해월(Hae-Wol Cho),박근용(Keun-Yong Park) 대한해부학회 2003 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.36 No.5

일본뇌염은 일본뇌염바이러스의 감염에 의해 야기되는 치명적인 중추신경 질환으로서, 동아시아 지역에서 발생하는 뇌 염 중 가장 흔한 형태이다. 본 연구는 일본뇌염의 in vivo 모델을 확립하고 이의 특성을 밝히고자 생후 4주된 생쥐에 일본뇌염바이러스를 복강 내 로 주사한 후 면역조직화학법으로 생쥐 뇌의 바이러스 분포를 조사하였고, 또한 조직병리양상을 관찰하였다. 일본뇌염바 이러스는 뇌의 특정 부분에 존재하는 신경세포에 위치하였고, 조직병리소견은 뇌실질 내에 염증세포침윤 및 단핵구의 혈 관주위 커프현상과 같은 전형적인 급성 바이러스성 뇌염의 양상을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 이 in vivo 모델이 일본뇌염바이러스의 뇌로의 유입기전, 특정세포친화성 및 일본뇌염의 병태생리를 연구하는데 유용하게 사용될 수 있음을 시사한다. Japanese encephalitis is a potentially lethal disease of the central nervous system caused by infection with Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). JEV is the most common cause of encephalitis over a large part of eastern Asia. To establish and characterize in vivo model to study the Japanese encephalitis, the immunohistochemical localization of JEV and the histopathological finding were investigated in the brains of young adult mice infected with JEV by intraperitoneal inoculation. JEV was localized to neurons in discrete regions of the brain. Histopathological finding showed typical pattern of acute viral encephalitis, such as inflammatory cell infiltration in brain parenchyme and perivascular cuffs of mononuclear cells. These results suggest that this in vivo system can be used to study the mechanism of virus entry into the brain, cell specific tropism, and pathophysiology in Japanese encephalitis.

Changes in Osteopontin Expression in the Rat Lumbar Spinal Cord Following the Avulsion of Lumbar Nerve Roots

전연수(Yeon-Su Jeon),김인범(In-Beom Kim),이은진(Eun-Jin Lee),문세호(Se-Ho Moon),임용걸(Yong-Gul Lim),천명훈(Myung-Hoon Chun) 대한해부학회 2004 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.37 No.1

이 연구는 흰쥐의 허리신경뿌리 찢김손상 후 허리척수에서 osteopontin (OPN)의 발현을 in situ hybridization 조직화학법, 면역세포화학법 및 western blot 분석법으로 조사하였다. 정상 동물에서 OPN을 발현하는 세포는 앞쪽뿔에 위치한 운동신경원과 사이신경원이었다. 찢김 손상 후 1일부터, OPN 발현세포 수는 앞뿔과 중간부위에서 증가하였고, 3일에는 비교적 강한 OPN이 손상 받은 쪽의 회색질 전 부위에 걸쳐 증가하였다. 7일에는 OPN 발현 양상이 3일의 것과 유사하였으나, 앞뿔과 중간부위에서 OPN 발현 세포수는 최고치를 나타내었다. 이들 발현세포는 신경세포였다. 찢김 손상후 14일에는 뒤뿔에 위치한 OPN 발현 세포는 거의 소실하였고, 발현 양상이 1일의 것과 유사하였다. 28일에는 OPN 발현 세포가 정상에서 보다 더 감소하였다. 이 결과로 찢김 손상 후 허리 척수에서 증가 발현된 OPN은 신경원의 손상과정에 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 생각된다. This study investigated the expression of osteopontin (OPN) in rat lumbar spinal cords after lumbar nerve root avulsion, using in situ hybridization histochemistry, immunocytochemistry and western blot analysis. Cells expressing OPN were motoneurons and interneurons in the ventral horn, but no signals were observed in neurons in the dorsal horn of the normal lumbar spinal cord. From day 1 after avulsion injury, OPN mRNA-labeled neurons increased in the ventral horn and the intermediate zone. By day 3, relatively strong OPN mRNA signals were found throughout the gray matter of the injured side of the spinal cord with OPN mRNA-labeled cells scattered in the superficial dorsal horn. By day 7, the labeling patterns for OPN mRNA were similar to those on day 3, but the numbers of OPN mRNA-labeled cells in the ventral horn and the intermediate zone peaked. At this point, these labeled cells were also more densely packed and the intensity of signals was stronger. Interestingly, these labeled cells were neurons, but not glial cells such as astrocytes or microglia. This OPN mRNA-labeled cell profile in the dorsal horn had nearly disappeared by day 14 after avulsion injury, and the labeling pattern became similar to that on day 1. By day 28, after avulsion injury, the numbers of OPN mRNA-labeled cells decreased further below control values. These results suggest that increased expression of OPN in the rat lumbar spinal cord after avulsion injury might play an important role in the pathogenesis of damaged neurons.

Apoptotic Neuronal Death in the Mouse Brain Induced by Experimental Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection

강태훈(Tae-Hoon Kang),채수림(Soo-Lim Chae),최우영(Woo-Young Choi) , 박찬(Chan Park),남재환(Jae-Hwan Nam),주영란(Young-Ran Joo),박근영(Keun-Yong Park),조해월(Hae-Wol Cho),김인범(In-Beom Kim) 대한해부학회 2005 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.38 No.3

일본뇌염바이러스 (JEV)는 사람에 있어서는 급성뇌염을 유발하고, 다양한 배양세포에 있어서는 해로운 영향을 줄 것이라고 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 일본뇌염바이러스 (JEV)에 감염된 생쥐의 뇌에서 세포자멸사가 발생하는지를 알아보고자 하였다. JEV에 감염된 생쥐 뇌의 특정부위에서의 DNA파쇄는 DNA oligonucleosomal laddering을 관찰함으로써 확인하였고, 진행중인 세포자멸사는 in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) 기법으로 관찰하였다. TUNEL 염색과 JEV 항원에 대한 염색법을 이용하여 이중면역염색법을 시행한 결과, 감염된 많은 신경세포들이 TUNEL 면역염색성을 나타내었다. 이와 같은 결과는 생쥐 뇌에서 JEV 감염에 의해 유도된 세포사멸은 세포자멸사성 기작과 연관이 있으며, 따라서 이러한 세포자멸사는 일본뇌염에 따른 병 발생에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 보인다. Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) may cause acute encephalitis in humans and induce severe cytopathic effects in various types of cultured cells. To investigate whether JEV infection induces apoptosis, we examined DNA fragmentation and apoptosis in the specific region of the JEV infected mouse brain by DNA oligonucleosomal laddering and in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) technique and immunohistochemical study. JEV infections in the mouse brain were detected in the telencephalon, the diencephalons, and the brain stem, but not in the cerebellum and the hippocampus. Fragmentation of cellular DNA into oligonucleosome-length ladders was only observed in tissue samples prepared from the cerebral cortex. In addition, the large number of TUNEL-positive cells was observed in the cerebral cortex. Double-labeling experiment with TUNEL staining and immunostaining for the JEV showed that TUNEL-positive neurons containing JEV immunoreactivity. These results suggest that JEV infection may evoke apoptotic neuronal death in the mouse brain, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Japanese encephalitis.

12주간 복합운동이 여고생의 건강관련체력, 부신피질 자극 호르몬과 코티졸 농도에 미치는 영향

김인범(Kim, In-Beom),김민교(Kim, Min-Kyo),오덕자(Oh, Deuk-Ja) 한국체육과학회 2018 한국체육과학회지 Vol.27 No.3

This study composed exercise group and control group each with 10 highschool girls living in B city, conducted 12-week exercise combining aerobic and muscle exercise to examine its influence on ACTH and cortisol which is known as health –related fitness and stress index, and physiological factor. The study conclusions are as below. As for the body composition, exercise group showed significant decrease in %BF and BMI, while LBM showed significant increase. The control group did not show significant difference. The two groups did not show significant difference. As for the fitness, the exercise group showed significant increase in muscular endurance and cardiovascular endurance and control group showed no significant difference. Two groups showed significant difference in cardiovascular endurance. As for the muscular endurance and flexibility, there was no significant difference within group or between two groups. ACTH did not show significant difference within group or between two groups, Cortisol showed significant decrease in exercise group, but did not show significant difference in control group or between two groups. Therefore, the study concluded that the continuous combined exercise is beneficial to physical health by bringing positive effect on health-related fitness and stress relaxation.

Morphology and Distribution of the Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP)-Immunoreactive Amacrine Cells in the Mouse Retina

강태훈(Tae-Hoon Kang),이은진(Eun-Jin Lee),김인범(In-Beom Kim) 대한해부학회 2003 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.36 No.4

VIP는 신경활성물질로서 포유류 및 비포유동물의 망막에 널리 분포한다. 본 연구는 유전자조작에 널리 이용되며 그 이 용이 비교적 용이하여, 최근 포유동물의 망막의 구조와 기능연구의 중요성이 높아지고 있는 생쥐의 망막에서, VIP를 함유하는 신경원을 면역세포화학법으로 동정하고 이들의 특징을 밝히고자 수행되었다. VIP 면역반응성은 속핵층에 위치한 무축삭세포의 세포체와 속얼기층의 층판 1과 3에 분지하는 돌기에서 관찰되었고, VIP 면역반응성 무축삭세포는 망막의 중심부에서 430 cells/mm2의 최고 밀도로 분포하였으며 주변부로 갈수록 그 밀도가 낮아져 50 cells/mm2의 수치로 최저밀도를 나타내었다. 또한 이중면역염색법을 시행한 결과, 모든 VIP 면역반응성 무축삭세포는 GABA 면역반응성을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과는 생쥐 망막의 VIP 면역반응성 무축삭세포는 신경화학적으로 그리고 형태학적으로 구별되는 GABA성 무축삭세포의 한 아형임을 의미한다. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) is a neuroactive substance that is widely expressed in both non-mammalian and mammalian retinas. In this study, we immunocytochemically identified and investigated the VIP-containing neurons in the mouse retina, which has become an important model for the study of the structure and function of the mammalian retina, mainly because of the wide availability of transgenic animals. VIP immunoreactivity was observed in the somata of the amacrine cells in the inner nuclear layer (INL) and their varicose processes ramifying in strata 1 and 3 of the inner plexifrom layer (IPL). The distribution of VIP-immunoreactive (IR) amacrine cells showed a peak of 430 cells/mm2 in the central retina and minimum values of 50 cells/mm2 in the peripheral one. Double-label experiments demonstrated that all VIP-IR amacrine cells possessed GABA immunoreactivity. These results demonstrate that VIP-IR amacrine cells of the mouse retina make up a neurochemically and morphologically distinct subpopulation of the GABAergic amacrine cell population.

위험물 취급 항만의 소방시설 및 안전관리자 교육현황에 관한 연구

김인범(In Beom, Kim),현성호(Seong Ho, Hyun),이용재(Yong Jae, Lee),차정민(Jeong Min, Cha) 한국위험물학회 2015 한국위험물학회지 Vol.3 No.2

This study examined the educational situation of fire protection and safety manager of the harbours and docks loading and unloading dangerous goods in liquid which are frequent around Ulsan Port. There was no law directly about the safety of the harbour wharf and was found to be insufficient or no standard on fire protection facility applicable to the field. Additionally, the safety training and education were found to be only a basic level. In order to prevent accident by hazardous goods in the port docks, it should be considered to improve education contents against specific fire for the port facility workers.

현행 위험물사고 발생보고서에 대한 분석 및 제언

김인범(In-Beom Kim),현성호(Seong-Ho Hyun),이용재(Yong-Jae Lee),차정민(Jung-Min Cha) 한국위험물학회 2018 한국위험물학회지 Vol.6 No.1

The current hazardous material accident report is to be prepared by a form based on Article 15 of the 「Rules for handling hazardous goods regulation(National Fire Agency Instructions No. 2)」 and the chief of fire department is required to report to the chief of National Fire Agency. However, the present report autonomously describes the accident process and causes of accidents, the status of accident objects and pre-accident actions, violations of the 「Hazardous Materials Safety Management Law」, and action plans, problems and remedial countermeasures. It has been found that there are limitations in understanding the causes and problems of fundamental accidents. Therefore, It is necessary to classify the accident summary of the current Hazardous materials accident report into detailed items so that it can be described in more detail. And It is necessary to describe the measures and notifications made by the workplace and persons involved in the accident at the scene of the accident, and to improve the forms such as attaching photos of the site so that the situation at the site where the accident occurred can be understood.

MDF합판의 방염 및 연소특성에 관한 연구

김인범 ( In Beom Kim ) 한국화학공학회 2014 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.52 No.2

건축물 내부의 장식을 위해 사용되는 MDF합판은 화염의 착화를 지연시키기 위해 방염처리하도록 규정하고 있어일반적으로 방염도료나 방염액 또는 방염필름 등을 적용하여 착화를 지연시키는데 이 때 적용하는 시료에 따라 방염성능과 연소 시 발생되는 가스의 유독성의 차이가 발생할 수 있어 본 연구에서는 MDF에 적용된 방염시료들의 방염성능 및 연소특성에 대해 비교분석하였으며 그 결과 방염성능에 부합하는 제품이 확인되었으나 방염처리방법에 따라방염성능의 차이가 존재함을 확인할 수 있었으며 연소과정에서 발생되어지는 여러 종류의 유독가스의 영향도 함께 고려해야 할 요소임을 확인할 수 있었다. Interior of the building is used as a MDF plywood if there is a fire in order to delay the ignition, flame retardant paint, flame retardant solution and flame retardant film are being handled by the flame retardant. Combustion characteristics anf flame retardant performance results can be summarized as follows: General film with a sample showed that short of the criteria in terms of carbonation area, and the results of flame retardant paint, flame retardant solution and flame retardant film products satisfied the criteria. Toxic gases generated in the combustion process resultsin a film samples using a high incidence of carbon monoxide and the creation of a smoke could be seen. This confirm that is estimated that result from incomplete combustion of PVC film that attach, and displays high toxicity index and hazard class relatively.

자기반응성물질의 성상판정방법에 대한 국내‧외 기준의 비교 연구

김인범(In-Beom Kim),현성호(Seong-Ho Hyun),이용재(Yong-Jae Lee) 한국위험물학회 2021 한국위험물학회지 Vol.9 No.2

This study compares the class-5 hazardous substances characteristics assessment method, domestically enforced according to the Safety Control of Dangerous Substances Act, with that of Japanese method, using categorization system of dangerous substances similar to domestic method, and assessment method mentioned in UN RTDG(Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods) to examine the difference in the assessment method and to reconsider points of improvements for domestic hazardous substances characteristics assessment method. As a result, domestic pressure vessel tests were conducted on three types of orifices of 0.6mm, 1.0mm, and 9.0mm. However, in Japan, test on 0.6mm orifices included in Korea is not included, and the designated quantity was determined to be 10kg and 100kg. In the case of UN RTDG, the diameter of the orifice used ranges from 1.0 mm to 24.0 mm, and the risk of substances was classified according to the experiment results based on the damage on the disk. Therefore, there is a possibility that substances determined as non-risk substances may be defined as dangerous substances by a 0.6mm domestic test, so it is necessary to review international standards more closely and apply them domestically.

토끼 망막 수평세포의 교통연접 형태 및 분포

차지욱(Jiook Cha),김인범(In-Beom Kim) 대한해부학회 2008 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.41 No.4

포유동물 망막의 수평세포는 첫번째 연접이 이루어지는 바깥얼기층에서 광수용세포로 억제성되먹임 신호를 제공하는 사이신경원으로 망막의 많은 종류의 신경세포에서 관찰되는 수용야 성질 가운데 중심-주변부억제현상에 기여한다. 수평세포의 이러한 기능들은 이들 세포에 발달된 교통연접에 의한 커플링망에 기인하는 것으로 생각되고 있다. 현재까지 두 종류의 코넥신 단백질인 Cx50과 Cx57이 수평세포의 교통연접을 형성하는 것으로 알려져 있으나, 수평세포내에서 이들 교통연접이 정확히 어디에 형성되어 있는지는 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 따라서 본 연구는 수평세포의 교통연접의 정확한 위치를 전자현미경 수준에서 관찰하고자 기획되었다. 토끼 망막의 초박수직절편에서 Cx50와 Cx57로 구성된 교통연접은 전자밀도가 높은 반응산물의 형태로 바깥얼기층에서 관찰되었다. 수평세포돌기 위에 위치할 것으로 추정되는 Cx50과 Cx57 교통연접은 각각 독특한 특징을 나타내었다. Cx50 교통연접은 Cx57 교통연접에 비하여 크기가 더 크고 수평세포 가지돌기의 몸쪽에 위치하였다. 또한 Cx57 교통연접은 독특한 형태를 취하였다. 즉 관찰된 Cx57 교통연접의 반 정도는 함입 또는 섭취된 형태로 나타났다. 이러한 Cx50과 Cx57 교통반점의 모양, 크기, 세포 내 위치에 있어서의 차이점들은 다른 형태의 수평세포들의 각각 다른 특성을 이해하는데 통찰을 제공해 준다. Horizontal cells (HCs) of the mammalian retina are interneurons that provide negative feedback to photoreceptors in the outer plexiform layer (OPL) where the first synapse occurs and contribute to the center surround antagonism that underlies the receptive field properties of many retinal neurons. These functions of HCs are thought to be attributed to their coupled network via gap junctions. Two kinds of connexin (Cx) proteins, Cx50 and 57 are known to form gap junctions of HCs. However, little is known about precise localization of gap junctions within HCs. Thus, this study was designed to determine the localization of HC gap junctions at subcellular level. In vertical ultrathin sections of the rabbit retina, gap junctions composed of Cx50 and 57 were identified in the OPL by the electron-dense reaction products. Each Cx50 and 57 gap junction on putative HC processes showed its own distinct features. Cx50 gap junction was bigger in size and localized more proximally than Cx57. In addition, Cx57 gap junctions had distinct shape. That is, about a half of them appeared to be invaginated or endocytosed in shape. The differences in shape, size and subcellular localization between Cx50 and 57 gap junctions may provide the insights into the function of different types of horizontal cell.