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수확시기 및 저장온도에 따른 돼지감자 괴경의 가용성당 조성변화
강수일(Su Il Kang),한종인(Jong In Han),김경연(Kyoung Youn Kim),오선진(Sun Jin Oh),김수일(Su Il Kim) 한국응용생명화학회 1993 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.36 No.4
The composition of soluble neutral carbohydrates in Jerusalem artichoke tubers was measured and compared according to harvest dates and storage temperatures using HPLC. The breakdown of inulin (≥GF8) into sucrose and fructo-oligosaccharides (GF2-GF7) was highest on November just after cold-shock. The composition of sucrose and fructo-oligosaccharides on March was much higher than that on September of previous year. Inulin (≥GFB) proportion decreased from 66.4% to 33.1% but the proportion of fructo-oligosaccharides (GF2-GF7) and sucrose increased from 25% to 61% and from 3.4% to 13.6%. respectively. The storage at a low temperature (4℃) for 34 days increased the composition as well. However, the amount of fructo-oligosaccharides was decreased when the tubers harvested in March were stored at high temperature (25∼40℃). For the maximum yield of fructo-oligosaccharides in jerusalem artichoke, it is concluded that the tubers be harvested in March and/or stored at the low temperature.
High performance liquid chromatography 에 의한 fructo 및 inulo 올리고당의 정량
강수일(Su Il Kang),한종인(Jong In Han),김경연(Kyoung Youn Kim),오선진(Sun Jin Oh),김수일(Su Il Kim) 한국응용생명화학회 1993 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.36 No.4
High performance liquid chromatographic method using a TSK-gel amide 80 column and isocratic elution with acetonitrile-water (63 : 35 ;v/v) mixture was used for the separation and the quantitation of fructo (GF2-GF7)- and inulo-oligosaccharides (F2-F4). Retention time of each standard carbohydrate was highly reproducible. Standardization curves obtained by plotting the peak areas against the amounts of each carbohydrate showed very high coefficient of determination(≥0.9884) and similar slopes, and a wide range of y-intercepts. Our results suggest the use of each pure oligosaccharide for its own standardization curve instead of using a certain carbohydrate as an internal standard.
새로운 endo-inulinase를 이용한 치커리 추출물로부터 Inulo올리고당의 생산
강수일,김수일,Kang, Su-Il,Kim, Su-Il 한국응용생명화학회 1997 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.43 No.1
치커리 추출액으로부터 올리고당을 생산하기 위하여 산과 효소에 의한 가수분해를 실시하였다. 이온교환수지를 통과한 당용액을 가수분해 시킨 결과 중합도 $3{\sim}5$인 올리고당의 함량은 $55^{\circ}C$에서는 가수분해 12분에, $65^{\circ}C$에서는 6분에 총당의 26%내외에 도달한 후 30분까지 거의 변하지 않았다. 30분 처리로 fructose, glucose 및 sucrose는 $55^{\circ}C$에서는 총당의 24.6%을 $65^{\circ}C$에서는 50.3%로 증가하고, 중합도 6 이상의 당은 총당의 49.5%, 23.0%로 각각 감소하여 산가수분해는 당중합도에 비선택적인 것으로 나타나 올리고당 생산방법으로는 부적합하였다. Athrobactor sp. S37의 정제 endo-inulinase를 사용하여 치커리 추출액을 $40^{\circ}C$에서 가수분해한 결과 18시간 가수분해물의 당조성은 inulobiose(F2)를 포함한 중합도 $3{\sim}5$의 올리고당이 총당의 66.1%, 중합도 6 이상이 23.0%, fructose, glucose 및 sucrose가 10.9%이었다. 가수분해전 fructose, glucose 및 sucrose 함량이 9.6%인 것을 감안하면 본 효소에 의한 가수분해는 고중합도의 당이 올리고당으로 선택적으로 전환되는 것으로 나타났다. 가수분해에 사용되는 조효소와 정제효소의 차이를 알아보기 위하여 중합도 $1{\sim}2$의 당들을 제거한 치커리당액을 각각 두 효소로 가수분해하였다. 정제 효소로 가수분해한 것과는 달리 조효소에 의한 18시간과 44시간 가수분해물에서는 fructose, F2 및 GF2가 검출되었으며 또한 F4의 생성이 가수분해 초기($2{\sim}8$시간)에서 훨씬 빨랐다. 두 효소의 44시간 가수분해물은 총당의 72%가 올리고당이었으며 올리고당의 주요 구성당은 F2, F3, F4의 inulo올리고당으로 총당의 $51.3{\sim}64.35$를 차지하였다. 따라서 endo-inulinase에 의한 가수분해는 효과적인 올리고당 생산방법으로 판단된다. For the effective production of functional oligosaccharides(DP 3-5) from inulin in chicory extracts, the acid hydrolysis and enzymatic endo-inulinase reaction were compared. Acid hydrolysis was unfavorable ; the content of oligosacharides in total sugar increased to 26.0% for 12 min at $55^{\circ}C$ and 24.6% at 6 min at $65^{\circ}C$ and showed little change for 30 min. The content of high DP(DP 6) decreased from 83.5 to 49.5% and 23.0% for 30 min, repectively. Glucose, fructose and sucrose increased to 24.6% and 50.3%, respectively. Hydrolysis of chicory extracts with purified endo-inulinase from Arthrobacter sp. S37 was carried out at $40^{\circ}C$ and pH 7.5 for 44 hrs. The content of high DP($DP{\geq}6$) in total sugar decreased from 83.5 to 23.0% and that of inulobiose(F2) and DP 3-5 increased to 66.1%. Glucose, fructose and sucrose were not produced. The hydrolysis of chicory extracts without DP 1 and DP 2 with crude or with purified enzyme were also carried out. In contrast to the hydrolysate of crude enzyme, that of purified endo-inulinase did not contain glucose, fructose, sucrose, F2 and 1-kestose(GF2). The content of oligosaccharides in the hydrolysate of the purified endo-inulinase were 79.2%, composed mainly of inulotriose(F3), inulotetraose(F4) and inulopentaose(F5), which shows that the enzymatic hydrolysis using purified endo-inulinase from Arthrobacter sp. S37 is the best method for oligosaccharides production from inulin in chicory extracts.
Bacillus sp . snu-7에 의한 Inulin Fructotransferase의 생산
김우표,강수일,김수일 ( Woo Pyo Kim,Su Il Kang,Su Il Kim ) 한국응용생명화학회 1997 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.40 No.3
A bacterial strain, producing extracellular inulin fructotransferase which converts inulin into di-D-fructofuranose 1,2`:2,3` dianhydride(DFA Ⅲ), was isolated from soil and presumed as Bacillus sp.. The highest production of the enzyme was obtained by using medium containing Jerusalem artichoke extract as carbon source, peptone as organic nitrogen source, and NH₄H₂PO₄ as inorganic source. Under optimum condition, the enzyme activity of the culture broth supernatant reached maximal 2.61 units/㎖ after cultivation for 45 hrs.
Bacillus sp. snu-7에 의한 Inulin Fructotransferase의 생산
김우표,강수일,김수일,Kim, Woo-Pyo,Kang, Su-Il,Kim, Su-Il 한국응용생명화학회 1997 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.43 No.2
A bacterial strain, producing extracellular inulin fructotransferase which converts inulin into di-D-fructofuranose 1,2':2,3' dianhydride(DFA III), was isolated from soil and presumed as Bacillus sp.. The highest production of the enzyme was obtained by using medium containing Jerusalem artichoke extract as carbon source, peptone as organic nitrogen source, and $NH_4H_2PO_4$, as inorganic source. Under optimum condition, the enzyme activity of the culture broth supernatant reached maximal 2.61 units/ml after cultivation for 45 hrs. Inulin을 가수분해하여 di-D-fructofuranose dianhydride(DFA)를 생성하는 inulin frucroransferase를 분비하는 균주를 토양으로부터 분리하였으며, Bacillus sp로 동정하였다. 본 효소에 의하여 생성되는 DFA는 TLC 와 HPLC로 분석한 결과, fructose 두 분자가 ${\beta}\;1,2':{\alpha}2,3'$ 결합을 한 DFA III로 동정되었다. 본 균주는 탄소원으로 1.5% 돼지감자즙, 유기 질소원으로 1.0% peptone, 무기 질소원으로 $0.27%\;NH_4H_2PO_4$를 사용했을 떼 효소 생산이 2.709 units/ml로 최대였으며, inulin을 탄소원으로 사용할 경우는 1.0% yeast extract, $0.2%\;NaNO_3$를 첨가했을 때 효소 생산이 2.245units/ml로 최대를 나타내었다. 본 균주를 최적 액체 배지에서 72시간 배양한 결과 배양 45시간에 2.61 units/ml 최대 활성을 보였다.
강우근(Woo-Geun Kang),김인겸(In-Kyum Kim),김수일(Su-Il Kim),백정기(Jeong-Ki Pack) 한국전자파학회 2012 한국전자파학회논문지 Vol.23 No.11
본 논문에서는 기상청의 10년간의 1분 단위 강수량 측정 데이터를 이용하여 국내 환경에 대한 연평균 강우율 분포 및 강우율 분포와 최악월 강우율 분포의 상관 관계 모델을 제시하였다. 본 논문에서 제시한 모델을 기존의 ITU(International Telecommunication Union)-R 권고 모델과 비교한 결과, 시간율 0.01 %에 대해서 국내 연평균 강우율의 전국 평균값은 ITU-R 권고 문서의 강우율에 비하여 약 28 % 높게 나타났다. 또한, 연평균 및 최악월 강우율 분포 간의 상관 관계도 본 논문의 모델과 ITU-R 권고 문서의 모델은 상당히 큰 차이를 보였다. 앞으로 국내 무선 통신 시스템 설계에 필수적인 강우 감쇠의 통계적 특성(시간율 분포) 계산을 위해서는 국내 환경에 적합한 강우율 분포 모델을 사용하여야 할 것으로 판단된다. In this paper, models for the average-year rain rate distribution and the correlation between the worst-month and the average-year rain rate distribution in domestic environment were proposed, using the rainfall measurement data with 1-minute integration time of Korea Meteorological Administration. Comparison of the proposed model with the existing ITU-R model showed that the average rain rate of the proposed model for the exceed time rate of 0.01 % is about 28 % higher than that of the ITU-R recommendation. In addition, the correlation model between the worst-month and the average-year rain rate distribution was quite different from the ITU-R model. It is recommended that the domestic rain rate distribution model should be used for calculation of the statistical characteristics of rain attenuation(exceededtime-rate distribution of rain attenuation) which is essential for the design of wireless communication systems in domestic environment.
새로운 endo - inulinase 생산 균주의 선발 및 효소의 생산
김경연(Kyoung Yeon Kim),강수일(Su Il Kang),김수일(Su Il Kim) 한국응용생명화학회 1996 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.39 No.2
A bacterial strain producing a novel endo-inulinase, hydrolysing inulin into oligosaccharides was isolated from soil and identified as Arthrobacter sp. S37. The enzyme production was induced by inulin and Jerusalem artichoke extract. The maximum enzyme production was obtained with medium containing 1.57 jerusalem artichoke extract. 1.0% yeast extract, 0.5% NaNO₃, 0.05% MgSO₄·7H₂O, 0.05% KCl, 0.0016% FeCl₃·6H₂O and 0.05% KH₂PO₄. The optimum temperature and pH for the enzyme production were 30℃ and 8.0, respectively. Under the optimum condition, the enzyme activity in the culture broth reached at maximum. 10.8 units/㎖ after cultivation for 24 hours.