한국산 차나무과 6종의 계통 분류학적 연구

김삼식(Sam Sik Kim),이정환(Jeong Hwan Lee) 한국산림과학회 1993 한국산림과학회지 Vol.82 No.4

This study was carried out to clarify a taxonomical relationships of the Korean Theaceae using characters from morphological, anatomical, electrophoretic and numerical methods. The results are summarized as follows ; Morphological data were cluster analysis by Euclidean distance, the complete and average linkage cluster were most distinctly classified into subfamily level. At the principal components analysis(PCA), the commutative contribution rate of three principal components showed to 91.1% total variance. By the leaf venation were classified semicraspedromous type of Theoideae and brochidodromous type of Ternstroemioideae. The stomatal types were classified Paracytic of Theoideae and Anomocytic type of Ternstroemioideae ; the former has founded subsideary cell the latter has not found. All taxa possessed common isozyme bands did not found out of Theaceae banding patterns. But, the activity of Theoideae were existed in below No.5 (Rf.4.0-4.4), in contrast to Ternstroemioideae were existed in more than No.7(Rf.5.7-6.2). The cluster analysis of leaf characters and peroxidase isozymes were similarity between two methods.

염화트리페닐테트라졸륨에 의한 종자활력검정에 관한 연구

김삼식 ( Sam Sik Kim ) 한국산림과학회 1975 한국산림과학회지 Vol.26 No.1

To elucidate the dependability of seed variability determination by tetrazolium, 15 tree species were checked. For the comparison of potential germinability for these tree seeds, x-ray photography and routine germination test in a incubator were implemented. Though there were considerable differences of seed variability in percentage between germination test and tetrazolium test, the judgement by tetrazolium test and x-ray test gave similar results. These findings indicated that tetrazolium test is a reliable method if treated and inferred properly. Solution of 0.25 percent tetrazolium could give a complete colour reaction as well as 0.50 percent solution.

한국산 옻나무과의 분류학적 연구

김삼식(Sam Sik Kim),정재민(Jae Min Chung) 한국산림과학회 1995 한국산림과학회지 Vol.84 No.2

This study was conducted to establish a systematized taxonomic problems of through the leaf morphological characters and leaf venation patterns, and stomatal cell patterns and cell characteristics of abaxial and adaxial surface of the leaflets by SEM, of 6 native species in Korea and 2 foreign species of the Genus Rhus in the Family Anacardiaceae. The results obtained from this study are summarized as followings: 1. Morphological study measured 32 characters of leaves from herbarium specimen and field-collected samples for each species. The results of cluster analysis based on the Euclidean distance showed that the species could be classified into 3 groups: R. sylvestris. R. typhina, R. succedanea: R. trichocarpa. R. chinensis. R. verniciflua: and R. ambigua. R. radicans subsp. orientale, Analysis of principal components showed 5 groups: The major factors in the first principal component group was length of petiole of the terminal leaflets, that in the second group angle of left side in the terminal leaflet bash, that in the third group area ratio between first and terminal leaflets, that in the forth group angle ratio between right and left side in the terminal leaflet base, and that in the fifth group was angle of main and secondary vein at midrib of terminal leaflet.

Populus 속의 염록체에 관한 연구

김삼식 ( Sam Sik Kim ) 한국산림과학회 1979 한국산림과학회지 Vol.42 No.1

The leaf tissues of 8 Populus species were examined to compare the chloroplast number and feature in guard cells and chlorophyll quantity. 1. The chloroplast number ranged from 10 to 30, but difference in number were not significant among species. 2. The size of chloroplast varied from 3mμ to 6mμ, in diameter. The shape was generally circular. 3. The chlorophyll quantities were significantly different among species. 4. The amount of chlorophyll b was 2.4 to 3.2 times greater than that of chlorophyll a.

우리나라 남부지방에 분포하는 외래수목조사

김삼식 ( Sam Sik Kim ) 한국산림과학회 1975 한국산림과학회지 Vol.26 No.1

This work was carried out from March 1963 to December 1974 to investigate exotic woody plants in the southern part of Korea. The author enumerated 263 kinds of woody plants; 203 species, 40 varieties, and 17 forms which belong to 126 genera and 63 families. Among 263 sorts of woody plants 99 were introduced from Japan, 87 from China, 32 from the North America, 17 from Europe, 13 from Australia, 8 from India and 8 from central part of Asia, etc. On the use of those trees of today 151 have been used for an ornamental source, 49 for timber, 22 for edible, 16 for medicinal and 22 for the others.

Populus tomentiglandulosa 와 P . glandulosa 의 분류학적 연구

김삼식,김정석,야전소삼 (野田昭三) ( Sam Sik Kim,Chung Suk Kim,Shozo Noda ) 한국산림과학회 1981 한국산림과학회지 Vol.51 No.1

Populus glandulosa and Populus tomentiglandulosa, which were known to be natural hybrids, were examined for morphological, physiological and karyological traits to illucidate its hybridity and taxonomical importance. The results abtained were as follows; 1. Survival rate in rooting of cuttings and grafting was different between the hybrids and their rooting abilities showed incomplete dominance. 2. Their leaf openings showed incomplete dominance. The leaf longevities of P. alba × glandulosa and P. tomentiglandulosa were stronger than the other hybrids. 3. There were differences in resistance to toxicity of KC10, between the hybrids. 4. Many external leaf characters of the hybrids also showed incomplete dominance. P. tomentiglandulosa was similar in those characters to P. alba × glandulosa while P. glandulosa was similar to hybrids crossed, reciprocally crossed or back-crossed between P. davidiana and P. alba. 5. Their numbers of male flower showed incomplete dominance or hybrid vigor. The numbers of P. tomentiglandulosa were similar to thosa of P. alba × glandulosa while those of P. glandulosa to those of P. alba × davidiana or P. davidiana × alba. 6. Morphology and band color of male catkin bract showed incomplete dominance. Those of P. glandulosa were similar to those of P. alba × davidiana while those of P. tomentiglandulosa to those of. P. alba × glandulosa. 7. There were differences in vascular bundle number and arrangement of petiole between the hybrids. 8. Differences in the anatomical traits of stem did not exist between the hybrids but those in wood fiber size existed. 9. The chromosomes of artificial hybrids, P. glandulosa and P. tomentiglandulosa showed irregular behavior in metaphase I and II. 10. All hybrids including P. glandulosa and P. tomentiglandulosa showed small number of P.M.C. with 19 II but many univalent chromosomes were exhibited in metaphase I. 11. All hybrids including P. glandulosa and P. tomentiglandulosa showed a little abnormal nuclear plates as laggard chromosome and chromosome bridge in anaphase I and II. 12. The frequency of pollen tetrad and fertile pollen was low in most of the hybrids including P. glandulosa and P. tomentiglandulosa.

흰쥐의 일차배양 간세포에서 Glycyrrhizin 및 Baicalin의 간 보호 활성 평가

김성화(Sung-Hwa Kim),천호준(Ho Jun Cheon),박진구(Jin-Gu Park),김영식(Yeong Shik Kim),강삼식(Sam Sik Kang),허광화(Guang Hua Xu),이승호(Seung Ho Lee),손건호(Kun Ho Son),이선미(Sun-Mee Lee) 대한약학회 2006 약학회지 Vol.50 No.6

The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of glycyrrhizin, active glycosides of Glycyrrhizae Radix, and baicalin, bioactive flavonoid isolated from Scutellariae Radix, on hepatocyte injury induced by carbon tetrachloride(CCl4, 10mM), tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBH, 0.5 mM), and D-galactosamine (GalN, 30mM). Primary cultures of rat hepatocyte (18 hr cultured) were treated with CCl4, TBH, or GalN and various concentrations (0.1, 1, 10, and 100 μM) of glycyrrhizin or baicalin. Activity was accessed by determining the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aminotransferses. CCl4 significantly increased the levels of LDH, alaine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and these increases were prevented by baicalin concentrations of 0.1, 1, and 100μM. The increases in ALT and AST levels were reduced by glycyrrhizin concentration of 100 μM. The level of LDH was markedly increased by TBH, and this increase was reduced by both glycyrrhizin and baicalin. ALT and AST levels were increased by TBH, which were prevented by glycyrrhizin and bacalin, respectively. GalN markedly increased the levels of LDH, ALT and AST. These increases was significantly reduced by both glycyrrhizin and baicalin. These results suggest that glycyrrhizin and baicalin possess the hepatoprotective activity.

Populus 속의 엽병의 (葉柄) 특징에 의한 분류학적 연구

김삼식,황증 ( Sam Sik Kim,Jeung Hwang ) 한국산림과학회 1979 한국산림과학회지 Vol.43 No.1

The morphological and anatomical features of petioles in genus Populus were as follows, 1. All of 8 species had one sort of these trichoma; wooly, tomentose, gravellate, cravellate. 2. The colors of petioles were different with the species; Populus alba was green white, P. glandulosa was white green, and P. maximowiezii P. koreana were red on the surface but the back of petioles were light green. Most of petioles of P. euramericana and P. deltoides were light green but the rest on the same trees were two different colors as P. nigra var. italica and P. simonii were light green or yellow green. 3. P. koreana had the largest diameter of petiole among the 8 species investigated, and P. simonii was the smallest. 4. The lengths of petioles were highly significant among species except 3 combinations. 5. The number of vascular was different with the species and with section levels of petiole; At the base level, the vascular number of 8 species were highly significant among species and the average number of vascular of 8 species were 6.61. At the middle level, the average number of vascular were 5.26 in 8 species, and P. nigra var. italica were highly significant against the rest 7 species and two combinations showed at 5 percent significance. 6. At the terminal level, since the 95.5 per cent of the samples contained 3∼4 vasculars and only 4.5 per cent of the samples in each section contained 5 vasculars, there, was no significance among the species. 6. Mostly the largest vascular of petioles was appeared in under part of the any sections in 8 species investigated.

Populus alba × glandulosa 와 그의 양친의 (兩親) 엽병의 (葉柄) 유관속배열상태에 (維管束配列狀態) 관하여

김정석,김삼식 ( Chung Suk Kim,Sam Sik Kim ) 한국산림과학회 1979 한국산림과학회지 Vol.43 No.1

The arrangement and the number of vascular bundle in petiole were investigated with the hybrid Populus alba × P. glandulosa and both parents. 1. The variation in number and the arrangement of the vascular bundle in petiole were smaller at middle point than at nearer point to the leaf blade. 2. A small variation was found in the arrangement of the vascular bundle within a tree, same clone and same species. 3. Five shapes of vascular bundle were recognized in the F₁ hybrid, 26.7 per cent of the F₁ hybrid has the same shape with P. alba, 13.3 percent with P. glandulosa and 53.3 per cent of the F₁ hybrid shows the F₁ shape caused by hybridization. 4. The hybrid clones which show the same shape with P. alba are 66-20-1, 66-6-8, 65-22-11 and 64-6-44, hybrid clones of 65-95, 66-14-93 have the same shape with P. glandulosa. Hybrid clones of 66-15-3, 67-6-3, 65-22-4, 66-26-55, 68-1-54, 66-14-99, 65-29-19, 66-25-5 have F₁ shape.

Populus속(屬)의 Isoperoxidase의 변이(變異)(II) -선발(選拔)한 ×P. albaglandulosa 15 clone의 엽(葉) Isoperoxidase 변이(變異)-

김정석,김삼식,Kim, Chung-Suk,Kim, Sam-Sik 한국산림과학회 1977 한국산림과학회지 Vol.36 No.1

본연구(本硏究)는 생장(生長)이 우수(優秀)하여 선발(選拔)한 ${\times}$P. albaglandulosa 15 clone의 엽(葉)에 대(對)하여 과산화동위효소변이(過酸化同位酵素變異)를 전기영동법(電氣泳動法)에 의(依)거 조사(調査)하여 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 15 clone의 총(總) band수(數)는 6~11본(本)이다. 그중(中) 활성(活性) band수(數)는 4~7본(本)이고 흔적(痕迹) band는 1~4본(本)으로서 어느 clone에서나 활성(活性) band가 다수(多數)히 출현(出現)하였다. 그리고 cathode측(側)은 anode보다 band의 출현(出現)이 어느 clone에서도 단조(單調)로웠다. 한편(便) 효소형(酵素型)이 각(各) clone마다 특이(特異)하여 clone시별(識別)을 가능(可能)케 하였으며 g와 1 band는 ${\times}$P. albaglandulosa의 고정(固定) band이다. 또한 ${\times}$P. albaglandulosa가 $F_1$인 까닭에 효소형(酵素型)의 유전적(遺傳的) 변이(變異)가 인정(認定)되었다. The variation of isoperoxidase band patterns in the zymograms in the leaves of ${\times}$P. albaglandulosa clones showing excellent growth were observed by starch gel electrophoresis in this study. The results are summerized as follows; The numbers of total bands in the clones were six to eleven. Four to seven were active and one to four were of trace in these bands, and also active bands appeared plentifully in all clones. The appearing pattern of the bands was more monotonous to the cathode than to the anode. Besides, the uniqueness of the isoenzyme forms in each clone made possible to identify the clones, and g and 1 bands were fixed in ${\times}$P. albaglandulosa, ${\times}$P. albaglandulosa being $F_1$ hybrid, the genetic variation of isoenzyme forms was significant statistically.