CJ-11555의 Sprague-Dawely 랫드를 이용한 단회 및 4주 반복경구투여 독성시험

김일환(Il-Hwan Kim),이성학(Sung-Hak Lee),최재묵(Jae-Mook Choi),박지은(Jie-Eun Park),김덕열(Deog-Yeor Kim),노현정(Hyun-Jung Noh),김택로(Taek-Rho Kim),이상호(Sang-Ho Lee),김영훈(Young-Hoon Kim),김진완(Jin-Wan Kim),장준환(Jun-Hwan Chang 한국독성학회 2004 Toxicological Research Vol.20 No.2

This study was to investigate single and repeated-dose toxicities of CJ-11555, an anticirrhotic agent, in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. In single-dose oral toxicity study, the test article were<br/> administered once by gavage to males and females at dose levels of 0 and 2,000 mg/kg. No dead animals and abnormal necropsy findings were found in control and CJ-11555 treated group. Therefore, the approximate lethal dose of CJ-11555 was considered to be higher than 2,000 mg/kg in rats. In the 4-week repeated oral toxicity study, the test article was administered once daily by gavage to<br/> male and female rats at dose levels of 0, 10, 50 and 200 mg/kg/day for 4-weeks. In clinical signs, yellow-colored urine and yellow hair coat were observed in the 50 and 200 mg/kg male and female<br/> groups. In hematology, erythrocyte count and hemoglobin were significantly decreased in the 200mg/kg male and female groups. In serum biochemistry, total cholesterol was significantly increased and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was significantly decreased in the 50 or 200 mg/kg male and female groups. In histopathological examinations, centrilobular hepatocellular hypertrophy in the liver, congestion and pigmentation in the spleen, hyaline droplets in the kidney were observed in the 50 and 200 mg/kg male and female groups. In toxicokinetic study, CJ-11555 was dose-dependent in systemic exposure and showed better absorption in female with minimum accumulation after multidosing. Based on these results, it was concluded that the 4-week repeated oral dose of CJ-11555<br/> resulted in the suppression of AST activity and centrilobular hepatocellular hypertrophy in both sexes at a dose level of 50 or 200 mg/kg/day. The target organ was estimated to be liver, spleen and male's kidney. The no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for CJ-11555 in rats following gavage for at least 4-week is 10 mg/kg/day.

CJ-11555의 Sprague-Dawely 랫드를 이용한 단회 및 4주 반복경구투여 독성시험

김일환(Il-Hwan Kim),이성학(Sung-Hak Lee),최재묵(Jae-Mook Choi),박지은(Jie-Eun Park),김덕열(Deog-Yeor Kim),노현정(Hyun-Jung Noh),김택로(Taek-Rho Kim),이상호(Sang-Ho Lee),김영훈(Young-Hoon Kim),김진완(Jin-Wan Kim),장준환(Jun-Hwan Chang 한국독성학회 2004 Toxicological Research Vol.20 No.1

This study was to investigate single and repeated-dose toxicities of CJ-11555, an anticirrhotic agent, in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. In single-dose oral toxicity study, the test article were administered once by gavage to males and females at dose levels of 0 and 2,000 mg/kg. No dead animals and abnormal necropsy findings were found in control and CJ-11555 treated group. Therefore, the approximate lethal dose of CJ-11555 was considered to be higher than 2,000 mg/kg in rats. In the 4-week repeated oral toxicity study, the test article was administered once daily by gavage to<br/> male and female rats at dose levels of 0, 10, 50 and 200 mg/kg/day for 4-weeks. In clinical signs, yellow-colored urine and yellow hair coat were observed in the 50 and 200 mg/kg male and female<br/> groups. In hematology, erythrocyte count and hemoglobin were significantly decreased in the 200mg/kg male and female groups. In serum biochemistry, total cholesterol was significantly increased and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was significantly decreased in the 50 or 200 mg/kg male and female groups. In histopathological examinations, centrilobular hepatocellular hypertrophy in the liver, congestion and pigmentation in the spleen, hyaline droplets in the kidney were observed in the 50 and 200 mg/kg male and female groups. In toxicokinetic study, CJ-11555 was dose-dependent in systemic exposure and showed better absorption in female with minimum accumulation after multidosing. Based on these results, it was concluded that the 4-week repeated oral dose of CJ-11555 resulted in the suppression of AST activity and centrilobular hepatocellular hypertrophy in both sexes at a dose level of 50 or 200 mg/kg/day. The target organ was estimated to be liver, spleen and male's kidney. The no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for CJ-11555 in rats following gavage for at least 4-week is 10 mg/kg/day.

CJ-11555의 안전성 약리실험

최재묵(Jae Mook Choi),이성학(Sung Hak Lee),김일환(Il Hwan Kim),박지은(Jie Eun Park),김덕열(Deog Yeor Kim),노현정(Hyun Jung Noh),김택로(Taekrho Kim),최광도(Do-Gwang Choi),김영훈(Young Hoon Kim),김진완(Jin Wan Kim),장준환(Joon Hwan Jan 한국독성학회 2004 Toxicological Research Vol.20 No.2

Safety pharmacological properties of CJ-11555, an anti-cirrhotic agent, were investigated in experimental animals and in vitro test system. CJ-11555 had no effects on normal body temperature in rats, motor coordination, chemoshock induced by pentetrazol, electric shock induced by electric shocker and writhing syndromes in mice at dose levels of 100, 300 and 1,000 mg/kg. CJ-11555 inhibited intestinal activity and prolonged hexobarbital-induced sleeping time in mice at the dose level of 1,000 mg/kg. CJ-11555 affected on general activity and behaviour tests in SD rats, such as<br/> lacrimation, ptosis, piloerection, decreased body tone, abnormal dispersion within the cage, diarrhoea, red colored faeces, slight hypothermia and decreased grooming, at the dose level of 1,000mg/kg in rats. CJ-11555 was effected on cardiovascular and respiratory system in anesthetized beagle dogs, such as tachycardia, increase of mean blood pressure and decrease of PR interval, decrease of respiratory rate and minute volume, at dose levels of 10 and <br/> 30mg/kg. However, these effects were also observed in vehicle treated anesthetized beagle dogs. In in vitro experiments, CJ-<br/> 11555 inhibited agonists (histamine, acetyl-choline or BaCl2) induced contraction of isolated guinea-pig at the concentration of 30x10-6 M. CJ-11555 was weekly inhibited hERG channel current at concentrations of 10 and 30x10-6 M, and IC50 was estimated to be higher than 30x10-6 M. Based on these results, it was concluded that CJ-11555 affected on cardiovascular and respiratory system, general activity and behaviour and hexobarbital-induced sleeping time at the dose level of 1,000 mg/kg and contraction of the smooth muscle and hERG channel current at the concentration of 30x10-6 M.

CJ-11555의 안전성 약리실험

최재묵(Jae-Mook Choi),이성학(Sung-Hak Lee),김일환(Il-Hwan Kim),박지은(Jie-Eun Park),김덕열(Deog-Yeor Kim),노현정(Hyun-Jung Noh),김택로(Taekrho Kim),최광도(Do-Gwang Choi),김영훈(Young-Hoon Kim),김진완(Jin-Wan Kim),장준환(Joon-Hwan Jan 한국독성학회 2004 Toxicological Research Vol.20 No.1

Safety pharmacological properties of CJ-11555, an anti-cirrhotic agent, were investigated in experimental animals and in vitro test system. CJ-11555 had no effects on normal body temperature in rats, motor coordination, chemoshock induced by pentetrazol, electric shock induced by electric shocker and writhing syndromes in mice at dose levels of 100, 300 and 1,000 mg/kg. CJ-11555 inhibited intestinal activity and prolonged hexobarbital-induced sleeping time in mice at the dose level of 1,000 mg/kg. CJ-11555 affected on general activity and behaviour tests in SD rats, such as lacrimation, ptosis, piloerection, decreased body tone, abnormal dispersion within the cage, diarrhoea, red colored faeces, slight hypothermia and decreased grooming, at the dose level of 1,000<br/> mg/kg in rats. CJ-11555 was effected on cardiovascular and respiratory system in anesthetized beagle dogs, such as tachycardia, increase of mean blood pressure and decrease of PR interval, decrease of respiratory rate and minute volume, at dose levels of 10 and 30 mg/kg. However, these effects were also observed in vehicle treated anesthetized beagle dogs. In in vitro experiments, CJ-11555 inhibited agonists (histamine, acetyl-choline or BaCl2) induced contraction of isolated guinea-pig at the concentration of 30×10-6 M. CJ-11555 was weekly inhibited hERG channel current at concentrations of 10 and 30×10-6 M, and IC50 was estimated to be higher than 30×10-6 M. Based on these results, it was concluded that CJ-11555 affected on cardiovascular and respiratory system, general activity and behaviour and hexobarbital-induced sleeping time at the dose level of 1,000 mg/kg and contraction of the smooth muscle and hERG channel current at the concentration of 30×10-6 M.

CJ-11555의 유전독성에 관한 연구

박지은(Jie-Eun Park),이성학(Sung-Hak Lee),최재묵(Jae-Mook Choi),김일환(Il-Hwan Kim),김덕열(Deog-Yeor Kim),노현정(Hyun-Jung Noh),김택로(Taekrho Kim),김영훈(Young-Hoon Kim),임지웅(Lim Jee Woong),김진환(Jin-Wan Kim),장준환(Jun-Hwan Chan 한국독성학회 2004 Toxicological Research Vol.20 No.2

To evaluate the genotoxicity of CJ-11555, an anti-cirrhotic agent, the reverse mutation test, chromosomal aberration test and in vivo micronucleus test in rats were performed. In the reverse mutation test, the treatment of CJ-11555 at doses of 33.3, 100, 333, 1000, 3330 and 5000 mg/plate with and without S9 did not induce mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, and Escherichia coli ( E. coli) WP2 uvrA. In chromosomal aberration test, CJ-11555 did not induce structural a chromosomal aberration in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells with and without metabolic activation at all doses. In micronucleus test, CJ-11555 did not induce any statistically significant increases in micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte (MNPCE) at doses of 500, 1000, and<br/> 2000 mg/kg. These results suggest that CJ-11555 might not have a mutagenic potential under the conditions in this study.

CJ-11555의 유전독성에 관한 연구

박지은(Jie-Eun Park),이성학(Sung-Hak Lee),최재묵(Jae-Mook Choi),김일환(Il-Hwan Kim),김덕열(Deog-Yeor Kim),노현정(Hyun-Jung Noh),김택로(Taekrho Kim),김영훈(Young-Hoon Kim),임지웅(Lim Jee Woong),김진완(Jin-Wan Kim),장준환(Jun-Hwan Chan 한국독성학회 2004 Toxicological Research Vol.20 No.1

To evaluate the genotoxicity of CJ-11555, an anti-cirrhotic agent, the reverse mutation test, chromosomal aberration test and in vivo micronucleus test in rats were performed. In the reverse mutation test, the treatment of CJ-11555 at doses of 33.3, 100, 333, 1000, 3330 and 5000 mg/plate with and without S9 did not induce mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, and Escherichia coli ( E. coli) WP2 uvrA. In chromosomal aberration test, CJ-11555 did not induce structural a chromosomal aberration in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells with and without metabolic activation at all doses. In micronucleus test, CJ-11555 did not induce any statistically significant increases in micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte (MNPCE) at doses of 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg. These results suggest that CJ-11555 might not have a mutagenic potential under the conditions in this study.

일관수송용 T-11형 및 T-12형 파렛트에 적합한 연안용 화물컨테이너(8 & 12 피트) 공용 표준치수 산정에 관한 연구

김덕열 ( Deokyeol Kim ),서병륜 ( Byongyoon Suh ),송상화 ( Sanghwa Song ) 한국로지스틱스학회 2017 로지스틱스연구 Vol.25 No.3

본 연구는 일관수송용 파렛트(T-11, T-12 형)에 적합한 연안용 화물컨테이너(8, 12 피트)의 공용 배수 치수를 개발하는 것이며, 물류 모듈체계의 하나인 파렛트 최대 평면치수 1,140 x 1,140mm와 1,240 x 1,040mm를 기준으로 배가법과 승산법을 적용하여 컨테이너의 공용 배수치수를 선정하였다. 첫째, 화물컨테이너의 구조는 측면도어 개방형으로 최소 안쪽 너비는 2,280mm로 고정하고 길이는 CAPE 시뮬레이션을 이용하여 조정하였다. 둘째, 최대 평면 치수를 8피트에 4개, 12피트에 6개가 적재되도록 2 내지 3배로 배가한 다음에 상 · 하역 작업의 여유치수를 추가하여 새로운 1차적 치수를 도출하였다. 셋째, 1차로 도출한 치수 중에서 가장 큰 치수를 공용 배수 치수로 선정하고, 컨테이너에 파렛트 4개 또는 6개의 적재방법과 효율을 분석하여 최적화 여부를 시뮬레이션하고 ISO 및 KS 규격에 부합되는 가를 최종 확인하였다. 따라서, 두 종류 파렛트에 대한 컨테이너 공용 배수치수는 최소 내부 너비가 2,280mm, 내부 길이는 8피트가 2,580mm, 12피가 3,580mm로 선정되었다. 공용 배수치수는 파렛트 적재효율이 8피트의 경우 T-11형이 83.9%, T-12형이 83.2%, 혼적 시에 83.5%, 평균 적재효율은 83.53%이며, 12피트는 T-11형이 88.9%, T-12형이 88.2%, 혼적하는 경우 88.4%, 평균 적재효율은 88.5%이다. 결론적으로 공용 배수치수는 파렛트 적재효율이 모두 83% 이상으로 되어 비교적 우수한 것으로 판단되며, 평균 적재효율은 12피트가 8피트 보다 약 5% 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study is to develop common size for coastal freight containers (8, 12 feet) suitable for through transit pallets (T-11, T-12 type). The common doubling size of the container were selected by applying doubling method and multiplication method based on the plan view size(pvs) of 1,140 x 1,140 mm and 1,240 x 1,040 mm, which is one of the logistics module systems. First, the structure of the freight container is the side door open type, the minimum inside width size is fixed to 2,280 mm, and the inside length size were adjusted by CAPE simulation program. Second, a new primary dimension was derived by doubling the plan view size of the four pallets to 8 feet, six pallets to 12 feet, and then adding the clearance of the material handling loading operations. Third, the common doubling size was selected the largest size among the first derived sizes, simulated the optimization by analyzing the loading method and efficiency of four or six pallets in the container, and finally confirmed whether it compliance with the ISO and KS standards. Therefore, the inside width of both containers is 2,280mm, the inside length size of 8 feet is 2,530mm and 12 feet container is 3,580mm. The load efficiency of 8 feet container, T-11 type is 83.9% and T-12 type is 83.2%, mixed with T-11 and T-12 type is 83.5 %, average is 83.53%, and in case of 12 feet, the load efficiency of T-11 type is 89.9%, T-12 type is 88.2%, mixed with T-11 and T-12 type is 88.4% average load efficiency is 88.5%. As a result, it is judged that the common doubling sizes are comparatively excellent because the loading efficiency of the pallet is over 83%, and the average loading efficiency of 12 feet container is more 5% higher than 8 feet.

무인헬기의 정밀 자동착륙 접근을 위한 영상정보 처리

김덕열(Deokryeol Kim),김도명(Do-Myoung Kim),석진영(Jinyoung Suk) 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어·로봇·시스템학회 논문지 Vol.15 No.1

In this paper, a precision landing approach is implemented based on real-time image processing. A full-scale landmark for automatic landing is used. canny edge detection method is applied to identify the outside quadrilateral while circular hough transform is used for the recognition of inside circle. Position information on the ground landmark is uplinked to the unmanned helicopter via ground control computer in real time so that the unmanned helicopter control the air vehicle for accurate landing approach. Ground test and a couple of flight tests for autonomous landing approach show that the image processing and automatic landing operation system have good performance for the landing approach phase at the altitude of 20m~1m above ground level.

T-X(Trainer Experimental) 시범기 공중급유 급유압력 지상시험 연구

김덕열(Deokryeol Kim),천태욱(Tae Wook Cheon),김권호(Kwon Ho Kim),송정헌(Jung Hyon Song) 한국항공우주학회 2016 한국항공우주학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2016 No.11

2018년도 국내 T-11형 및 T-12형 파렛트 생산/사용 실태조사에 대한 시계열적 분석

김덕열(Kim, Deok-Yeol),서병륜(Suh, Byong-Yoon),윤의식(Yoon, Eui Sik),송상화(Song, Sang-Hwa) 한국물류학회 2020 물류학회지 Vol.30 No.2

파렛트는 아주 단순한 운반도구 또는 적재 깔판으로 인식될 수 있지만, 화물을 싣고 달리는 운반용 도구로서 물류의 흐름과 기 능을 통합적으로 연결하는 중요한 연결 매개체 역할을 한다. 하역작업의 생산성과 화물의 운반 활성도를 높이려면 표준파렛트를 사용하여 화물의 적재단위를 대형화하고 기계화 및 자동화를 추진해야 하며, 표준화된 유닛로드시스템을 통하여 공급망의 전체 최적화를 구축해야 한다. 이를 위해서는 산업 현장에 파렛트의 생산과 사용부문에 대한 실태조사와 연구가 가장 우선적으로 선행 되어야 한다. 본 연구는 그동안 (사)한국파렛트컨테이너협회에서 수행하였던 파렛트 및 컨테이너의 실태조사 결과를 토대로 시계 열 분석을 하는 것이다. 우리나라 파렛트 표준규격은 2013년부터 T-11형과 T-12형 두 종류를 일관수송용 표준규격으로 채택하고 있으며, 그동안 조사결과에 따르면 파렛트 규격(치수)에 따른 생산과 사용의 비중은 T-11형이 약 40%, T-12형은 약 13∼14% 수준 으로 집계되었으며, 파렛트 재질에 따른 생산과 사용의 비중은 플라스틱이 약 50%, 목재 재질이 약 40%의 수준을 보이고 있다. The pallet can be perceived as a very simple transport tool or a loading board, but it serves as an important coupling medium for integrating logistics flow and function as a transport tool that is shipping and loading freight. In order to increase the productivity of the unloading operation and the transport activity index cargo, the loading unit of the cargo shall be large, mechanized and automated using a standards pallet, and the overall optimization of the supply chain shall be established through the unit road system using standard pallets. To this end, time sequential analysis of survey and research on the production and usage of pallets at industrial sites should be carried out firstly. This study is based on the results of the status surveys which is the pallets and containers conducted by the Korea Pallet Container Association for the most recently survey in 2018. The Korean standard for pallet has adopted two types of T-11 and T-12 as standard standards for through transit pallets since 2013. According to the findings, the proportion of production and usage according to the pallet standard (dimensions) is roughly 40 percent for T-11 type and 13 to 14 percent for T-12 type, and the proportion of production and usage by the pallet material is roughly 50 percent for plastics and 40 percent for wood materials.