朝鮮初期 府兵制의 改編

金鍾洙(Kim Jong-Soo) 역사교육연구회 2001 역사교육 Vol.77 No.-

In the early Koryo period, the Bu-By?ng military officers as the rewards for the military service were granted lands on the principle of allotting them to the selected soldiers(選軍給田制). And the Bu-By?ng military officers were controled by the public military system(公兵制) for preventing the military revolt. But as the social situation changed, the Bu-By?ng military officers came to be recruited from families belonging to the hereditary soldiering order and as a necessary consequence they came to inherit the lands. And through the military revolt in 1170, the public military system(公兵制) was collapsed and the private military system(私兵制) appeared. These two change of the "Bu-Byong" system(府兵制) lead the land tenure system and the military system to disorder. As a result, the military system in the late Koryo period became weakened. Military power was the principal factor that enabled Yi S?ng-gye(King T"aejo) to establish a new dynasty and become its first ruler. Yi S?ng-gye"s assistants suggested to reform the military as well as land tenure system and drawn up a plan of reform. Lands was to be restored to the government and be redistributed, most grants being temporary, for the support of officers. Establishing Ch?son dynasty, military reform was also pushed forward. The Bu-By?ng military officers were recruited not by his family background but by his individual ability. The success of this military reform meant a recover of traditional system of allotting lands to the selected soldiers(選軍給田制). Prince Yi Pang-won(King Taejong) who acquired the power by the political coup reformed the private military system(私兵制) into the public military system(公兵制). And as soon as he assumed the throne, he reformed again the "Bu-Byong" system(府兵制). As the result of his reform, the Bu-By?ng military officers were separated into Gapsa(甲士) and Daegang(隊長)ㆍDaebu(隊副). Gapsa(甲士) became the backbone force of the central armies but Daegang(隊長)ㆍDaebu(隊副) came to perform only ordinary corvee services.

가열탱크 내부 스크류 회전속도에 따른 전기보일러의 열성능에 관한 연구

금종수(Jong-Soo Kum),김동규(Dong-Gyu Kim),박종일(Jong-Il Park) 한국지열·수열에너지학회 2015 한국지열에너지학회논문집 Vol.11 No.3

This study was aimed at the heating tank with a screw-rotation device for improving the thermal efficiency of electric boiler. In the proposed system, analysis items were the heater rod surface temperature variation, reaching time for set temperature and thermal efficiency. The following conclusions are obtained from this experimental study. (1) When screw speed increases, the time reaching for set temperature tended to be shorter. (2) When the rotation speed becomes 300 rpm, the surface temperature difference between the right and left heater rod decreases by 49%, from 19.7℃ to 9.7℃ in average. (3) When the rotation speed is over 250 rpm, proposed heating tank structure appeared to be effective in terms of thermal efficiency. Thermal efficiency with the rotation speed 300 rpm is improved by 3.8% compared to the case of rotation speed 0 rpm.

高麗時期 府兵制의 運營과 그 原則

金鍾洙(Kim Jong-Soo) 역사교육연구회 2000 역사교육 Vol.73 No.-

In Kory?, the central armies(中央軍) were composed of the Two Armies(二軍) and the Six Guards(六衛). And the Two Armies and the Six Guards had a mixed composition of the Bu-By?ng(府兵), that is, military officers living in the capital and farmer-soldiers who came to the capital for military service from their local districts. The Bu-By?ng military officers were the central force of the central armies. The Bu-By?ng military officers were obliged to render a certain kinds of professional servies(職役). Their servies inclued such duties as to guard the king and the capital, to join battles and frontier guard for national defence, and to perform ordinary corvee services. They were called Siwi-gun(侍衛軍), Sung?m-gun(巡檢軍), J?mg?m-gun(點檢軍), Wisuk-gun(圍宿軍), Kansu-gun(看守軍), ?ijang-gun(儀仗軍), Bangsu-gun(防戌軍) according to their proper missions. In return for their services, the Bu-By?ng military officers were alloted a fairly large amount of land from the state according to Ch?n-si Land Distribution System for Officials(田柴科) and they collected land-taxes from the peasants who tilled the land for them. The Bu-By?ng military officers were controled by the public military system(公兵制) for preventing the military revolt. Therefore they were under the command of the General(將軍) but the Supreme General(上將軍) and the Grand General(上將軍) couldn"t command them. Between the General and the Bu-By?ng military officers private meeting was forbidden. But through the military revolt in 1170, the public military system was collapsed and the private military system(私兵制) appeared.

여름철 수면시 온열쾌적감 평가 : 제4보 : 쾌적수면을 위한 실내온도 설정에 관한 연구

금종수(Jong-Soo Kum),김동규(Dong-Gyu Kim),박종일(Jong-Il Park) 대한설비공학회 2007 설비공학 논문집 Vol.19 No.4

This study was performed to evaluate sleep efficiencies and conditions for comfortable sleep based on the analysis of sleep efficiency and MST under four thermals conditions (22℃, 24℃, 26℃, 30℃). Five female subjects who have similar life cycle and sleep patterns were participated for the sleep experiment. Their age was from 20 to 22 years old. They were healthy, and had regular sleep with consistent bed and wakeup time. It was checked whether they had a good sleep before the night of experiment. Experiments were performed in an environmental chamber using thermo-hygrostat. The physiological signal (EEG) for sleep stage were obtained from C3-A2 and C4-A1 electrode sites. Sleep stages were classified, then SWS latency and SWS/TST were calculated for the evaluation for sleep efficiencies on thermal conditions. As results, mean skin temperature for comfort sleeping was 34.5 ~ 35.4℃. Considering sleep efficiency and mean skin temperature, indoor room temperature of upper limit was 28.1 ℃.

에어컨 온도변동에 따른 생리신호 변화에 관한 연구

금종수(Jong-Soo KUM),김동규(Dong-Gyu KIM),김형철(Hyung-Chul KIM) 한국수산해양교육학회 2007 水産海洋敎育硏究 Vol.19 No.3

변동환경 대응을 위한 난방 시스템의 쾌적 알고리즘 개발

금종수(Jong-Soo Kum),김형철(Hyung-Chol Kim),김종렬(Jong-Ryeol Kim) 한국생활환경학회 2006 한국생활환경학회지 Vol.13 No.3

People of modem society spend 60~70% of their time of a day staying indoors. As the importance of indoor life increases, needs for thermal-comfort has also been raised. So far, many researches on thermal comfort by controlling thermal environmental factors have been done, and studies on sound, fragrance, color, and air quality have been actively carried out by adopting emotional methods. With these research results, methods of climate control have facilitated emotional controls, that is the adoption of emotional methods to thermal environmental factors. In this study, human bodies' thermal comfort and emotions in winter heating system are evaluated. Average heating degree range is from 18℃ to 20℃, but many places actually keep their indoors heated at 24~26℃. This study aimed to demonstrate the effect of saving energy by changes of images, which are a major influence for people to heat their indoors at 24~26℃.

백제 軍制의 성립과 정비

金鍾洙(Kim Jong-Soo) 歷史敎育硏究會 2007 역사교육 Vol.103 No.-

Paekje was the country which started its history as a small country in Mahan allied countries, with the northern exiles from Koguryo and Buyeo Kingdom settling down near the Han river province. It is estimated that the establishers brought their highly developed culture with them, such as how to make and use ironed farming tools or the strategies of battle when they came down to the place. Fortunately, by the time when Paekje was established, the people in the area was enjoying their prosperity of agricultural productivity with the prevalent use of ironic agricultural tools. Therefore Paekje might be able to enforce the organized conscription system from the beginning. Since the first king of Paekje, On-jo, destroyed 'Mahan(馬韓)' in the eighth century A.D. he divided the total territory into four districts of east, west, south and north. This type of allotment system must be for the purpose of not only administrative but also military control. After the king On-jo, many kings extended their territory and developed the administrative and military system. To be more specific, the administrative system in Paekje had been developed from an early simple four-district-system to the more diversified central four-district and local system 'Damlo(擔魯)', And then in the era of Sabi, the system was more specified into the central five-district and local system 'Bang(方)-Gun(郡)-Sung(城)'. Likewise the military system had been developed. In the beginning, the military system was organized roughly into four districts without central and local division. Then at the reign of the King Go-ii, the military system was distributed into central and local army system. However after the transfer of the capital to Sabi, the military system was more specifically reorganized into five districts of central system and three types of regional system Bang-Gun-Sung, where the local army soldiers consisted of farmers from common people. While Mahan military system was based on the small number of privileged classes, Paekje military system was based on the majority of common men. That is, there were two types of soldiers in Paekje military system; One was the soldiers from farmers, the other was professional warriors. Such a dual military system had lasted without great change until the early Joseon Dynasty throughout the United Kingdom Silla and Koryeo Dynasty.

고구려의 軍制와 그 承繼

金鍾洙(Kim Jong-Soo) 역사교육연구회 2005 역사교육 Vol.96 No.-

It is widely accepted by researcher today that in Koguryo Dynasty, it was not until late fourth century that the conscription system was enforced, And that before this time, the military forces were composed of professional soldiers from the ruler class. However, given the population at the time, it is difficult to accept that an approximate number of 20,000 to 40,000 soldiers who were mobilized for large scale attacks at the time all came from the ruler class. Furthermore, it is equally difficult to believed that Koguryo successfully defended itself and defeated its attackers from Chinese Han, Wui, and Post-Yun Dynasty with this number of soldiers from the ruler class. This study will begin by questioning this widely accepted theory and the following points. First, Koguryo military system was based on a conscription system, Second, the King was the only supreme command and he alone could order the troops. It was considered treason to mobilize armed forces without the king"s approval. It was not until after King Sindae"s rule that a single army was divided in to central and local army. The central army had more power than the local army. The central army was stationed in the capital to play the role of protecting the king and defending the capital. Meanwhile, the local army was stationed in local areas to play the role of maintaining public security and defending the borders. The central army composed of two kinds of soldiers, Professional soldiers from the ruler class called the Kuk-in (國人), and the farmer soldiers mobilized by the conscription system who farmed in peace times and were mobilized as soldiers in times of war. The local army composed of three grade groups: Dae-sung, Je-sung, and Sung. Koguryo dynasty had great influence on Goryo dynasty and Josun dynasty, and which so did their military system.

우유발효에 이용되는 Starter Culture와 그 특성

금종수 ( Jong Soo Keum ),김종우 ( Jong Woo Kim ) 한국유가공기술과학회 1996 Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology (JMSB) Vol.14 No.1

All over the world there is an increasing consumer awareness of the potential influence of various foodstuffs on our health. Today dairy products are expected to be more just food. They have to taste well, appeal and give pleasure, provide of well-being, provide specific health benefits and prevent disease. This paper reviews the different types of fermented milks and their microflora and includes recent work on yogurt, soft cheese and buttermilks, kefir and koumiss. There is considerable interest in the new health promoting products which are now available. Meanwhile during the last decade a new generation of fermented milk products containing selected intestinal bacteria has been introduced to the markets. These are discussed in the light of some recent findings on the ability to lower the blood cholesterol concentration and stimulate the immune response and also describes some fermented milk products available, selection criteria for commercial starter cultures.

전산해석을 통한 전기보일러 가열탱크 내부 유체유동에 따른 전열량 비교

김민수(Min-soo Kim),정경태(Kyung-tae Jeong),금종수(Jong-soo Kum),김종현(Jong-hyun Kim),김동규(Dong-gyu Kim) 대한설비공학회 2016 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.6