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- 저자 : 권기성(Key Sung Kwon) (검색결과 3 건)
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權奇星 단국대학교 대학원 1980 學術論叢 Vol.4 No.-
Human behavior is determined by his psychological state or value-orientation, and this by interactions of the course of his life time. Therefore, human behavior is a function of human organism and environment. This view many proceed from "the field theory" on behavior proceed by the psychologist K. Lewin. Lewin used the term "life space" to refer to "the totality of forces acting on the person at a given moment of time," implying both the individual internal psychological environment and his external environment. He used a schematic diagram, an egg-shaped "Jordan curve." to show a person in a particular environment. Levin's Jordan Curve ◁그림삽입▷(원문을 참조하세요) Behavior is a function of the person and his psychological environment in terms of Lewin's formulas: B=F(P.E). A person's behavior (B) is determined by both the external environment (E) and the internal personal environment (P). Hereby, we may link other aspects of personal behavior since community development is dependent on community inhabitants' behavior and their behavior is a special form of human activity and cannot be independent of social behavior generally. In this respect, we have to understand community inhabitant's value-orientation formed in the condition of their socio-cultural environment in order to understand community development. Korean community inhabitants tend to authoritarianism, emotional humanism, fatalism and homogeneity. These value-orientations are constructed by religious influence: Confucian authority and hierarchy: Buddhist collectivism and passivity: and Taoist non-activist virtue. Therefore, Korean community inhabitants are characterized by these value-orientation such as authoritarianism, emotional humanism, fatalism and homogeneity. Authoritarianism here can be defined as hierarchical relations in terms of domination, submission relationships, that is, a tendency in an individual to adopt uncritical and submissive attitude toward the more powerful man and at the same time to wish to make other submit to him. An authoritarian person is accustomed to submission. He wouldn't like to do what to do for himself and he is much dependent on his superior. The important effect of the authoritarian attitude of Korean community inhabitents is that most of the decisions are likely to be made at the top in the hierarchy, and decision making is also heavily influenced by the political philosophy and outlook of the decision maker himself. Another important implication of authoritarianism is that there is relatively little room for the incremental approach to solving problems. Emotional humanism can be defined as an attitude or tendency to maintain the relationship with others. An emotional humanistic person is much dependent on others and lacks the pioneer-spirit, while emotional humanim fosters the spirits of cooperation based on the mutual cooperative spirit. The important effect of emotional humanistic attitudes to reduce rationality in decision making. Community inhabitants who are equipped with deep and warm sentiments do not usually deal with things reasonably and rationally but emotionally and intuitively. Fatalism can be defined as a tendency or belief system to evaluate one's success by the supernatural forces, e.g., fate beyond one's capability. A fatalistic person lacks not only a fighting spirit to attack difficulties but also determination to pursue any goal persistently. Many plans or programs are likely to end as plans or programs, per se without ever being tried. And he lacks self-reliance or developmental value-orientation. These fatalistic people are more concerned with the "Being" orientation than with the "Doing" orientation in human activity. And they are more attentive to what the human being is than to what he might accomplish. Homogeneity can be defined as common consciousness―ethnic, linguistic, religious, racial, cultural and regional, etc.―in life. Homogeneous person is more exclusive to others. These homogeneous people do not believe in others because of exclusive tendency. These homogeneity would like to find and aggregate more homogeneous things within homogeneity. Therefore, homogeneity results in factionalism and so factionalism caused by a loyalty to him, family, school, and province has directly led to the brakdown is that it deprives one of the opportunity to develop individualistic attitudes and abilities. In summary of survey research, community inhabitants' authoritarianism and homogeneity are high and their emotional humanism and fatalism are relatively low. But their emotional humanism and fatalism are not converted to development-orientation. Therefore, it may be difficult to expect community development. It is considered that non-developmental value-orientation is due to cultural tradition based on the religious influence in the long-run and the influence of the authoritarian strategy for community development (New Village Movement) in the short-run.
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