방송영어 강의의 내용과 방법

강순경 한국영어교육학회 1980 ENGLISH TEACHING(영어교육) Vol.- No.20

現代 言語敎育과 言語實習室의 再評價

강순경 경기대학교연구교류처 1975 論文集 Vol.3 No.-

韓國語 單純母音의 音響學的 分析

姜順璟 弘益大學校 1983 弘大論叢 Vol.15 No.1

There are generally three ways in describing the phonetic description of the vowel sounds, that is, articulatory description, auditory description, and acoustic description. Each has its own parameters that specify different vowel quality. In the articulatory description, vowels have been specified in terms of the highest point of the tongue and the lip position. However, it is often questionable whether the traditional labels of articulatory categories are adequate specification of vowels. The traditional terms for the tongue positions are not often correlated with the articulatory facts. The relation between the highest point of the tongue is well applied to specify the front vowels, but not specify the back vowels. In the articulatory description, there is no single simple set of parameters which is equally appropriate for specifying the tongue shapes of all those vowels. In the auditory description, the best way of specifying vowels is to judge the vowel quality by reference to a fixed set of vowels whose quality is known, namely the cardinal vowels. The way of vowel specification can be done only by those who are trained in pronouncing and perceiving the cardinal vowels. It is often confusing,because the vowel quality is not always agreed even among those trained phoneticains. Since the development of various acoustic instruments, especially the sound spectrograph, phoneticians have been trying to find a simple set of parameters which can specify all vowels by instrumental measurement of formant frequencies. The purpose of this paper is to describe Korean simple vowels with the spectrographic data which I have collected and to discuss the various problems in the spectrographic analysis and also compare with the traditional descriptions of the Korean vowels. Also, I will try to compare the Korean vowel pattern with the average American English vowels. I selected five male Korean speakers whose speech is considered Standard Seoul dialect and made the spectrograms with their eight simple vowels and then analysed them.

英語의 超分音節의 發音問題

姜順璟 弘益大學校 1985 弘大論叢 Vol.17 No.1

This paper attempts to describe the forms and the functions of sentence final intonations in English which have been neglected in the education of English pronunciation for the Korean stuents, and it also attempts to deal with the realtionship between questions and rising intonation for Korean and English. The English phonemes consists of the segmentals which are the consonants and the vowels, and the suprasegmentals which are the stresses, pitches, and junctures. The English intonations are made up with the pitches and three terminal junctures. For the past few decades the English education in Korea has concentrated only on the segmentals, and the suprasegmentals even though the relativeness is linguistically important. For the methodology, I selected 64 freshmen students of the English department and 42 freshmen students of the Fine Art Department and 54 junior students of the English Department of Hong Ik University, and tested how many students distinguished the rising, the falling, or the sustained intonations of English through hearing and uttering them correctly. In the last chapter of this paper I concluded from the result of the test and presented the new direcion of the English education of the suprasegmentals for the Korean students.

A modified dictation-comprehension technique for mature learners

강순경 경기대학교연구교류처 1976 論文集 Vol.4 No.-

영어의 폐쇄음 삽입 현상과 외국인의 발음

姜順璟 弘益大學校 1993 弘大論叢 Vol.25 No.1

The American speakers always inserted stops after the sonorant if the fricative was voiceless. They pronounce "prince" and "dense" as /prints/and/dents/. But when the fricative was voiced, they more often omitted the stop in underlying clusters containing a stop/ldz/or/ndz/but sometimes inserted a stop in clusters such as /nz/or/lz/. It is questionable whether the speakers from different dialect of English and foreign speakers of English inserted stops between sonorant and voiceless fricative, because some phonologists have claimed that the insertion of a stop between a sonorant and a fricative consonant in syllable-final sonorant-fricative clusters follows from universal constraints on the human speech perception and production mechanism. However, others have claimed that the intrusive stops are products of language or dialect specific phonological rules that are stated in the grammar In this paper I examined the production of sonorant-fricative and sonorant-stop-fricative clusters by three groups of English speakers. The first group spoke an American Mid-Western dialect, and the second one South African dialect. The third one is Korean who speaks English as the first foreign language. Fourakis and Port have already examined the production of sonorant-fricative and sonorant-stop-fricative clusters by American and South African speakers. This paper incorporated their data for American and South African dialects. However, for Korean speaker I tested their English pronunciation and made spectrographic analysis. The results of the experimant are as follows: The first, the American speakers inserted a stop between a sonorant and a fricative consonant whereas the South African and Korean speakers do not insert a stop. The second, the inserted stop in the American production was significantly shorter than the underlying one. The third, the presence of the inserted stop also affected the duration of the preceding nasal. The fourth, this incomplete neutralization results from the application of language-specific rules that Fourakis call phase rules which govern articulatory timing. This phase rule must be learned and very sensitive to pragmatic communicative needs. In order to speak natural American English, it is necessary for the Korean learners of English to practice a stop epenthesis in English conversation.

韓國學生의 英語發音問題 : -形態素 境界의 子音群을 중심으로-

姜順璟 弘益大學校 1984 弘大論叢 Vol.16 No.1

The purpose of this paper is to contrast the Korean consonant sequences at the morphemic boundaries with those of English, which I think, is a new exploration in this area. For a pedagogic purpose, I observe that in a stream of speech, the occurrences of the meeting of final clusters and initial clusters at the morphemic boundaries of English constitute heavy linguistic traffic problems for the Korean. The scope of the paper is limited within the consonant sequences of only /-VC+CV-/ type of the two languages because no other type is permissible in Korean. As for methodology, I set up a hypothesis, tested it for approving the hypothesis, and then accepted it as a working basis, if the experiment supports the hypothesis. I collected all the different consonant sequences at the morphemic boundaries in both languages. As for the consonant sequences at morphemic boundaries in English, I myself consulted magazines and books and collected the sequences of consonants in actual contexts and itemized them. After listing the clusters, I predicted errors made by Korean students and classified them according to the Korean assimilation types and sound patterns which are lacking in the Korean language. I selected 9 students from Korean middle school, high school, and college and recorded their pronunciation and analyzed them. The result of the experiment would appear in the conclusion.

英語敎育은 早期에 시켜야 하는가?

강순경 경기대학교연구교류처 1980 論文集 Vol.8 No.-

함경 방언의 모음 체계

강순경 서울대학교 어학연구소 1997 語學硏究 Vol.33 No.1

This paper aims to acoustically analyze the vowel systems of the Hamkyong Dialect of North Korea and find the phonological rules which exist in the Seoul and the Pyongyang dialect previously analyzed by the author. For my research, 5 subjects who recently fled from Hamkyong Province of North Korea were selected. Among the 5 subjects, 4 speakers are males and one is female whose ages are from twenty seven to fifty. I selected two types of test frames: one is an isolated form of eight simple vowels and the other is vocabulary which contains eight simple vowels. Each word was read in a sentence frame "I said___." The pronunciation of the five subjects was recorded in a sound-proof room and analyzed with the CSL (Computerized Speech Lab) and the plot formant on Macintosh. The results of the experiment are as follows: 1) In the Hamkyong dialect, there exist the eight simple vowel system /i, e, ε,??, t, u, o, a/. However, in the experiment the vowel/??/ of four speakers tends to merge into the vowel space of /t/. In most of their pronunciations the vowel/??/ and the vowel /??/ have lost their distinctiveness. If we take out the /??/ from the eight vowels, the Hamkyong dialect has a seven vowel system. 2) In the Hamkyong dialect, the simple vowels/O¨/and/u¨/ do not exist anymore, though in some speaker's pronunciation we hear the simple vowel sounds of /o¨/ and /u¨/ rarely. 3) The vowel /??/ has an unusual place in the vowel space of the Hamkyong dialect. Its position is just below that of the vowel /t/. That will explain the merging of the vowel /??/ into the vowel /t/ and also the Martinet's push chain theory. 4) The quality of the vowel /o/ in the Hamkyong dialect are quite different from those of the Seoul dialect. This brings the misunderstanding of [op??n] "오번" as [??p??n] "어번" for Seoul speakers. 5) In the process of the development of the vowels, they merge into each other. The final goal of the vowel system is the simplification of the system in terms of maximal differentiation. It is interesting to observe that the front vowels merge into each other in the Seoul dialect whereas the back vowels merge into each other in the Hamkyong and the Pyongyang dialect. However, the vowels which participate in merging are only three vowels /??/, /t/, and /u/ in the Hamkyong dialect while the vowels /??/, /t/, /u/, and /o/ merge in the Pyongyang dialect.

임원의 세무공무원 경력이 추징납부세액에 미치는 영향

강순경,손혁 한국세무사회 부설 한국조세연구소 2016 세무와 회계 연구 Vol.5 No.2

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of directors with tax officer career on the amount of the assessment taxes. Directors with tax officer career, who have expertise in the National Tax Service and the Tax Office, can help companies solve the problems with the tax audits if they serve as managers with the company. We collect financial data from a sample of firms listed on the Korea Stock Exchange. That is, the samples used in this study are KOSPI and KOSDAQ over the period from 2000 to 2012. The total sample size is 3,231 firm-years. The results of this study are as follows:First, the firms with directors with tax officer career are found to pay a lower amount of corporate tax. However, the relation between directors with tax officer career and the amount of the assessment taxes is weak. However, the firms with the audit committee also pay less the amount of the assessment taxes than those without the audit committee. Second, the result of 200 firms imposed with the assessment taxes by the results of tax audits shows that firms with tax professionals paid less than those without them. This study presents positive evidence for identifying the relation between directors with tax officer career and the amount of the assessment taxes. This study also provides an explanation for firm's tendency to hire directors with tax officer career, i.e., the amount of the assessment taxes. 기업의 임원은 전문지식과 감시 기능으로 정보비대칭을 해소하여 사업위험을 완화하고 기업가치를 증대시킨다(Fama and Jensen 1983). 국세기본법에 의하면 기업은 세무조사 시 조력자로부터 자문을 구할 수 있다. 본 연구는 내부조력자가 될 수 있는 세무공무원 경력(국세청, 세무서)을 가진 임원(이하 ‘세무공무원 경력임원’)들이 세무조사 시 발생하는 여러 가지 문제를 관련 경험과 지식, 정치적 영향력으로 해결할 수 있는지를 검증했다. 즉, 본 연구는 세무공무원 경력을 가진 임원이 추징납부세액에 어떠한 영향을 주고 있는지 확인하였다. 표본은 유가증권상장법인과 코스닥상장법인을 대상으로 2000년부터 2012년까지 13,880기업-연도 자료를 활용하였으며, 세무조사 추징세액은 금융감독원 전자공시스템(DART)에서 추출하였다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 전체 표본을 대상으로 분석한 결과 세무공무원 경력임원이 있는 기업일수록 추징납부세액은 음(-)의 값을 가지고 있으나 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다. 하지만 실제 추징납부세액을 부과받은 기업만을 표본대상으로 분석한 결과, 세무공무원 경력임원 여부와 추징납부세액 간 유의한 음(-)의 연관성을 확인했다. 둘째, 세무공무원 경력임원 중 이사 및 사외이사의 그룹을 구분한 결과, 세무공무원 경력임원을 가지고 있는 기업일수록 추징납부세액과 유의한 음(-)의 관계를 확인했다. 본 연구는 세무공무원 경력임원이 퇴직 후 자신의 경험과 지식, 인적 네트워크를 바탕으로 세무조사에 있어 내부조력자의 역할을 수행하고 있음을 확인하였으며, 세무공무원 출신이 기업의 임원에 임명되는 중요한 요인을 파악했다는 데 그 의의가 있다.