산수유나무(Cornus officinale)種子의 休眠現象과 發芽促進에 對한 硏究

權雷澤,李相植 東國大學校 1964 論文集 Vol.1 No.-

1. The genus cornus includes 8 species and 1 variety of deciduous, rarely evergreen, trees and shrubs, in Korea. the majority of these are relatively unimportant from the stand-point of forestry, besides several species are valued highly for their ornamental qualities: flowers, fruits, and foliges. Among them, cornus officinale is an endemic plant of korea and it's fruit is medicinal. So that, it has been cultivated, since ancient, for medicinal purpose especially, for kidney disorders It is a species of medicinal woody plant of economic importance in korea. Cornus officinale is propagated from seed in nature and under cultivation. The seed of Cornus officinale has double dormancy combined with the impermiable hard endorcarp and internal embryo dormancy. Untreated seeds may remain dormant in the soil for two or three years after sowing Consequently, specilal treatments of the seeds are required to produce uniform stands of seedlings in the year following harvest of the seeds. The most common recommentations for germinating of double dormancy seeds suggest mechanical scarifications, concentrated sulfuric acid treatment, or soaking in boiling water, for making the hard coats permeable previous to cold stratification of the seeds for breaking the internal dormancy previous to sowing. But our past experiment of the above methods attempted to the cornus officinale seeds have resulted in failur for nursery practice. As far as the authors are concerned there was no information on the causes of delayed germination or on the sufficient pretreatment methods for nursery practice of Cornus officinale seeds. This study was accordingly made for the anatomical seed structure, for the various methods of permeabling of the endocarp, breaking the embryo dormancy and of the effect to germination of the seeds do treated. 2. OBSERVATION a. Botanical features: Cornus officinale is deciduously small tree which attains of 5m. with diameter of 6∼8㎝. imspite of an estimated age of 200 years (Fig.Ⅰ) leaves: opposite, petiolic short, shape ovate to obovate, 4∼10㎝ long, 2.5∼5.0㎝ wide, margin entire, (Fig.Ⅱ, 1-d) Veins arcuate, yellow brown hairs densely tufted on the be of veins below, (Fig.Ⅱ, 2-c) Flowers: derfect with four very conspicuous petal-like notched bracts, arrangement panicle usually small, many of them yellow and emerge in spring. fruits: globular to ovoid, drupe 1.5㎝ long, 0.67㎝ wide, red, ripening in October (Fig Ⅱ, l-b). b. Structure of the seed and fruit: Since the course of the germination drocess depend largely upon the structure of the seed, colse observation of the drocess is essential. The unit commonly refered as Cornus officinale seed is in fact a stone, the size of stone is 10.6± 0.14㎝ long, 5.72± 0.47㎝ wide, the extent and location of the more important parts of the fruit and seed are shown diagrammatically in fig Ⅱ. The endocap composed of many layers of sclerenchymatous cells and forms the pits. microscodic examination of the endocard shewed that a yellowish powder appear in the pits in the endocarp when the stone was air dried. we recognized the yellowish powder is tannin by the following tests and the stone cell systems and tannin in the endocarp cause tobe impermeable. (1) Dissolve some of the yellowish powder, which comes from inside the pits in a few millimeters of water. (2) As soon as the yellow solution was added with a saturated solution of potassium dichromate K_2Cr_2O_7- the brown precipitation appeared (3) To the yellow solution 5% Leadacetate solution pb(C_2H_3O_2)_2·3H_2O, was added and white precipitation appeared. 3. PRE-TESTS a) Since the pre-test with consentrated sulfuric acid on making endocarp permeable showed that the shorter period than twenty minutes was less effective and longer period then two and half hours pited them and may injure the capacity of the embryo, we determined two hours is the optimun period of immersion in concentrated sulfuric acid. b) In order to determine whether or not embryo of recently harvested seeds are dormancy, a number of embryos were exercised from water-soaked seed. They were placed on skim's medium in test-tube and kept at room temperature. At the end of one week ome of the red pine embryos began to show geotropic curvature of hypocotyle. But, at the end of three weeks Cornus officinale embryos did not show any evidence of growth. 4.MATERIALS a) Cornus officinale fruits were collected from the Kwangnung research forest and Yu-Joo, Chu-Ud-Ri, Kyung-gi-Do, on 25 October, 1961. Healthy seeds were cleaned from this fruits which were used in lots of 50 seeds per treatment. The manual of the seeds purity, weight per 1,000 seeds, per liter, and seed size are given in table Ⅰ. b) Concentrated sulfuric acid, Gibbereliic Acid, Hydorgen peroxid and Thiourea were tried as chemical means of breaking the dormancy of the seeds. 5. TEST METHODS AND RESULTS a) Cover the dry 200 seeds with concentrated sulfuric acid and allow them to soak for two hours at the temperature of 15℃. b) Remove the seeds from the sulfuric acid and wash them with running water for about 20 minutes to clean off (remove) vesidue of the acid. c) Soaking the seeds for 24 hours in each of the following chemicals: Gibberellic acid 200 pp.m, Gibberellic acid 100 p.p.m, Hydrogen peroxide 1% solution. d) The seeds pretreated as above were then mixed with fine wet sand and itratified for from 4th Dec. 1961 to 25th March 1962 112 calendar days at 15℃ in green-house. Table Ⅱ shows percentage of the cracked-stone seeds and of the radical emerged over 2mm seeds, prepared for an immediate germination. We suppos that the decayed seeds in table Ⅱ were caused from the dead and feeble seeds, because there was no noticeable difference in the number of decayed seed caused by each treatment, and if we carried out the above pretreatment with flerh seed unstored in the air as soon as collected, could be eapected a significectly higher percentage of hastened seeds. e) This experiment suggested that stratification is not sufficent for breaking the internal embryo dormancy of Cornus officinale seeds, but also some chemical treat previous to stratification is necessary. f) Each seed stratified, was screened on 25 march 1962, and immediately sown in test plots. The germination and seedling growth from the seed is given table Ⅲ(FigⅢ).

國土建設事業과 林業 開發

權雷澤 東國大學校 學徒護國團 農林大學大隊 1962 東國農林 Vol.5 No.-

국토건설사업이 노리는 정책효과에는 두 가지 목표가 있을 것이다. 그하는 수리치수, 도로, 도시토목 사방, 조림 등의 제사업을 실시하므로서 산업경제발전의 기초적 여건을 해결하자는 것이요, 또 하나는 동시에 실업자에게 임금을 철포하므로서 심각한 실업자문제를 완화시키자는 것이다. 그 어느것이나 현하 우리가 당문하고 있는 끽긴한 문제가 아니 될 수 없다. 원래 임업은 공익적인 사명과 그 전 생산과정-삼림의 구성보호무유소벌 작업 등이 국민운동으로서의 사업에 적당하고 특히 극도로 황폐된 광범위의 국토를 단시일 내에 사방녹화 하는데는거국적으로 동원되지 않으면 성과를 거두기 어려운 속성에 비추어 어느나라에서나 학도단 청년단 또는 재향군인이 동원하게 되는 이유도 여기에 있는 것이다. 최근 국토건설을 해체하느니 또는 산림녹화에 삼개월간 15만명 동원이니 하는 화제가 오르고 있는 때인 만큼 과거 미국에서 임업개발사업을 거국적 국민운동으로 전개실천했던 C.C.C 운동을 소개해서 학생들에 참고가 되었으면 한다.

營利經營面에서 본 私有林營林計劃의 實踐性에 대한 硏究

權雷澤,李相植 東國大學校 1967 論文集 Vol.3-4 No.-

1. According to the 8th article of forest law, a owner of forest land of 100 chong-bo or more should prepare by himself a forest management plan as a specific working section and get the approval of is from the concerned local governor to manage an enterprise on the forest. The government forest policy of requiring each specific working section to prepare it's working plan within 3years between 1965-1967 and enforce it is an epoch-making one for cultivating the forest recources, promoting the land productivity and enterprising the forestry. 2. Among the private forests, the professional and reasonable working plan of the specific section plays a vital role, and its achievement would become the barometer for successfully leading the management of other general private forest 3. The collision of the permanent benefit of the public and private interest could be seen most often in the forest management. Encouraging the forest enterprise of the specific working sections of private forests fits to the public benefit and the better national economy, Therefore positive assistance with finance and technology should be provided for them. 4, Cho-Kye san specific working section. location: Sung Joo Gun, Chun-Nam. area: 300. 00chung-bo. owner: Dongguk university foundation. The forest stock in this section have been completely devasted by illegal and uneconomic cuttings, and it's devastation represents many other private forest as we see. Ultimately it's forest working plan consists of only planting plan, in other word, without cutting plan. For the first management period, we can't expect production of woods and must only invest for silviculture. For enforcing the working plan of such forest land, a consideration must be given for the following matters. a) The forest enterprise is a long range project for return, compared to other product enterprises, the forest enterprises produces a law profit. Most of forest land owners are financially poor, so capital investment can't be expected to them. Especially for a proprietor for poor capital, his courage is likely to be killed by the prospect of poor economic loan, and the high interest of loan and so forth. Therefore, a government loan of low interest is urgently needed. b) For the first management period where no production of woods and timbers can be expected and the investment silviculture only require, a financial subsidy policy is needed to enable the preparation and enforcement of the working plan. c) Present principle of organizing the forest working plan fits to the production of wood and timber only thus, a long rage investment is invitable. A Multiple forest working plan of long rage, middle rage and short rangemust be born, combining forestry, agriculture, and pasturage. d) For those forest lands which had been bought or rent with the actual purpose, of managing an enterprise, a special measure of diminishing the financial burden, such as, tax, and registration fee from the preparation of forest working plan should be provided. 5. Un-Mun San specific working section. location: chungdo gun, Kyung-puk. area: 570.40 chung-bo. owner: Dong guk university foundation. This section has the most prospective conditions for the forest management. It's site is good, and it has he forest volume stock approximately 64 cubic meters(㎥)per chung bo. It is one of the bests among the private forest through the country. To develop such prospective working section, a consideration must be given to the following situations. a) Present principle of preparation of working plan regulates to adapt the allotment method for continnal volume yield, and thus, an unreasonable financial sacrifice is inevitable and the properietor is not allowed the using of his own ideas. The insect, desease and forest fire or over-grown trees should be cut immediatelly, and the incomes from them should be invested for the establishing of second growth. A system of inspection over the resources building with such special forest budget system is more needed than the cutting control under inspection only for the purpose of continual volume yield, b) The system of designating the use of produced log should be conducted in accordance with the quality of log, and so an unreasonable financial sacrifice on the part of propretor should be aboided. c) The specific working section should be managed by the professional forest propretor engaging in the whole forest production process.―such as, nursery practice, establishing, developing, protecting and logging. The government subsidy for seedling should be used for the direct benefit of such professional proprietor, and the system of mechanically allocating the seedlings should be avoided. 6. The Dongguk University foundation owns several specific forest working sections over the country. For such big owner, the government should directly control and guide them so that the management could be conducted harmoniously with a creative approach.

松政

權雷澤 東國大學校 學徒護國團 農林大學大隊 1957 東國農林 Vol.4 No.-

제목하에 항속임시업, 항속사림상에 관한 논문이 발표되었다. 구주에 있어서의 조림기술의 발전과정을 살펴 본다면 원시적 역대작업에서 전경작업(천연하종)으로 전경작업에서 파종조림을 거쳐 식재조림으로 즉 자연주의에서 인공주의로 진화되어 19세기 중엽부터 식재조림이 성왕해지는 기운을 보이며 동세기말엽에 기 극성을 이루었던 것이다. 경제적 식재조림은 개벌교림작업을 근간으로하여 자연법칙에 역행해 가면서까지 남용되어 개벌일제적인 적지식재, 단순림 조성등 획일적인 인공으로 획책되었던 관계로 도처에서 인공조림이 실패로 돌아가기를 여의없게된 사례를 도처에서 목격하게되자 인공조림에 대한 조림기술의 반성, 재검토가 요청되는 20세기 초엽이었던 만큼 그 반향됨은 대단히 컸고 자연법칙을 기초로 하는 조림사상에 선각한 학자들의 찬성론과 종래의 개벌교림작업의 내용에 젖어 그 타성에서 벗어나지 못하던 학자들의 반대론으로 당시 구주의 임학 임업계에서 항속임사상, 항속임시업이라는 신제술어처럼 학자간의 논제가 된 것은 또 없었다는 사실은 너무나도 유명한 것이었다.

설탕단풍(Sugar maple; Acer Saccarum)은 우리나라 風土에서도 栽培될것인가

權雷澤,李相植 東國大學校 學徒護國團 農林大學大隊 1963 東國農林 Vol.6 No.-

韓國寺刹林의 風致浩成에 관한 硏究

李相植,權雷澤 東國大學校 1975 論文集 Vol.14 No.-

1. The forest owned by 964 temples belonging to Korean Buddhism Jo-Gye order and registered as of 21 May, 1969 according to the special Act for Transferring of the forest is 85,605ha in area. The temple forest has, as its first and foremost purpose, a religious purpose to maintain scenic beauty and to glorify the temples to increase the Buddhistic faith in those who visit the temples. Therefore, any economical consideration, such as timber production, should be secondary. 2. The protect forest in Korea designated by the article 18 of forest Act is 747,373ha in area and of it, the protect forest for Recreation, public health, and forestscape is 93,132ha, 26.5% of which (24,809ha) is the temple forest. (Table No:2) Furthurmore of all the temple ferest of 85,605ha, 24,809ha (28.9%) is protect forest for forestscape which implies that The Temple forest is of vital importance to the health and recreation of the nation. if we investigate the figur by the forest area of each Temple, the result is as follows: The numbler of Temples whose forest is completely disignated as the Protect forest for forestscape:30(7,768ha) The number of temples more than 70% of whose forest is designated as the protect forest for forestscape: 17 (6,781ha) The figure suggests that both the temple forest and the protect forest for forest scape have the same and common purposes and should be treated with the same technique based upon the asthetic value. 3. The developed and developing nations, including Korea, face such problems as population, urbinization, and pollution while welfare and recreoction problem of the people resulting from the forestscape development became acute and vital. It is incresingly evident that the ideal working plan and praticial method of protect forest fer forestscape was aimed in this study. 4. The guide line--species, silviculture system, rotation, and cutting year--for the management of the forestscape was studied in the view of the aesthetic value. 5. The authers worked out the forestscape working plan based upon the foregoing idea, selecting 646.67ha of the Jik-ji sa. temple of Kyung Sang buk-do, Korea. the forestscape working plan (1) the selection of tree species. (2) Silviculture system. (3) Rotation and cutting year. (4) plan of reforestation and tending 6. The Korean buddhist order must work out the policy of the temple forest management to create and maintain the scenic beauty and all the temples belonging to the order are storongly recommended to organize the special staffs and appropriate the special budget for that nearest future 7. It is also strongly suggested for the government in establish the policy of the management of protect forest for forest scape to increase its economic Value, systematizing the aesthetic Value.