傳統的 儒敎集團의 價値觀과 그 現代的 變容 : 淡水會를 對象으로 한 家族關係와 配偶者 選擇 問題를 중심으로

柳時中 경북대학교 사회과학연구소 1990 社會科學硏究 Vol.6 No.-

男女大學生의 結婚觀(I) : 그들의 意識과 行動을 中心으로

柳時中,韓有常 慶北大學校 東洋文化硏究所 1984 東洋文化硏究 Vol.11 No.-

In human society, family is an institution and a universal group, and generally based upon marriage and bloodrelation. The existence of family in society presupposed the marriage, through which a family is established. It is known that the marriage institution have been changed by the ideological and cutural variable as well as social and economic ones through human history. Through the process of modernization, Korea has undergone various change in every social aspect. Especially in institutional and actual aspects, the family and the marriage have been changed a great deal by the rapid urbanization and industrialization for about 40 years, and these changes have been investigated scientifically. In scientific researches on the social phenomena, testifying hypothesis based on certain sociological facts and its theoretical construction are freat importance, and so is the acculuation of the fact-findings in which variousfacts about specific social phenomena are concretely described. Marriage is, as said above, an institutional combination of both sexes, especially of young men and women. In the given conditions of Korean society, adolescents who reach their marriageable age are, for the most part, young workers and college students, though. They show a tendency to select their spouses and marry homogamously, and this tendency is true of both the college undergraduates and the graduates. For example, they trand to select their spouses of the same age and on the same level of education. But these homogamous tendencies are not always the same in their details and categories. They have changed according to the times and societies, instead. Because of the differences of gender, the man and woman college students, although they have grown up in the same social, economic and cutural surroundings, don't have the same views of marriage and can't keep the pace with each other in their practical behaviors. After analyzing the man and woman college students of the graduating class in Taegu regions who have been influenced by the radical social changes, this paper is written, in accordance with the procedures of sociological research, 1) to study their general consciousness and behavior connected with marriage, 2) to show the differeces in consciousness and behavio between the man and woman college students, and 3) to compare the college students' tendencies in marriage in Korea with those in Europe and America, espacially with those in Japan which has been under the influences of Confucianism and modernized prior to us. The topics dealt with in this study covers 1) how the acquaintance of the other sexes is made before marriage 2) how and by whom the selection of a spouse is determined 3) what the criteria on his selection are. Findings on the sex problems and life plannings after marriage will be presented in other journals.

社會發展의 價値理念과 새마을운동정신

柳時中,朴慶九 경북대학교 1981 새마을 硏究論叢 Vol.1 No.-

男女大學生의 結婚觀(II) : 그들의 意識과 行動을 中心으로

柳時中,韓有常 경북대학교 사회과학대학 1984 社會科學 Vol.3 No.-

The purpose of this study is to examine some attitudes that college students assume toward marriage. In the article "College Students' Attitudes Toward Marriage: Their Spouse Selection Routes and Criteria" (Yu and Han, 1984) to appear in Oriental Culture Research, vol.11 (1984), the authors have advanced an analysis of prevailing spouse selection routes and criteria. As a sequel to Yu and Han (1984), this study tries to investigate problems concerning premarital sexual intercourse and postnuptial life planning that enter into the spouse selection process. Since Korea began to modernize itself, diverse changes have occurred in our society. Particularly, the Western free-sex trend seems to have continued its infiltration to such an extent that college students in Korea are seriously affected by the mood. Upon investigation, however, it has been found out that most college students still impart a high value to premarital virginity, and that only a small number of students are actually experiencing premarital coitus. Questionaires about postnuptial life planning were employed to analyze the attitudes that college students take toward independent family life, residence problem, double-income family, and family planning. The result was that the nuclear and double-income family was more favored by female students. It also turned out that, regardless of sex, most college students hoped to find their postnuptial residence in cities and to have fewer children than before.

韓國 都市家族의 家事役割과 勢力關係에 關한 實證的인 硏究

柳時中,朴慶九 慶北大學校 東洋文化硏究所 1982 東洋文化硏究 Vol.9 No.-

This research has attempted to study urban housewive's role expectation and role performance in the family, power relations with their husbands and their marital satisfaction. The data for this research have been collected by sampling method. The number of samples is 556 housewives residing in Taegu city. They were interviewed according to the interview schedule. The result of this research can be summarized as follows: 1. Role Expectation and Role Differentiation (1) Viewed in the trational role differentiation by sex, the realm of women's role performance has been expanded while that of men's has been contracted. Husbands still play the trational men's role of earning income, handling official business and repairing house, whereas housewives perform their tradional role of cleaning house, laundry, doing kitchen work and child-care. (2) Housewives, however, have taken over the role of their husbands such as participation in school events and management of family finance. They also have shared their husband's role of household head by visiting relatives and partaking ceremonial occasions. Furthermore, they perform equal role in punishing children considered as the action symbilizing the husband's authority. (3) These role differentiation in the family is not the result of husband's defaulted role performance but the reflection of general tendency regarding housewive's fulfillment of both family tasks and social affairs as being desirable. 2. Power Relations (1)The conception of family power has been controversial issue among sociologists. Here I will restrict it to the decision-making. Husbands take a greater part in the choice of TV channels and housewives choice of menu and arrangement of household surroundings. They, however, make decision equally in the following detail areas; vacation plan, movement of house, choice of a hospital, amount of savings, child education, selection of contraceptive, marriage of children and supporting of parent-in-laws. (2) In addition, couple tend to make mutual decision in the significant areas of family life. In short, couples who make equalitaria decision-making outnumbers women or men who make unilateral decision-making outnumbers women or men who make unilateral decision-making. (3) Even in the stem family cohabitating with parents which accounts for one third of the whole respondents, the power of decision-making is given the son's couple and the power relations between couple are mainly equalitarian type. (4) Women indicate as the basis of power traditional norms and cultural norms rather than individual accomplishment such as income, education, and personality. 3. Marital Satisfaction (1) The result of using differently expressed questionaire impling the same subject has demonstrated that a great number of women are satisfied with their marriage while a few of them are not. (2) The issue of measuring marital satisfaction have been open to controversy in spite of a lot of researches concerning this subject. Age and education of the housewife, social status of the family and type of generational composition of the family have much influence on the housewife's marital satisfaction. 4. Conclusion As I have discussed above, women's role differentiation and power relations in the urban family has changed greatly compared to those in the preindustrial society of Korea. It has been revealed that the role differentiation and power relations has directed toward equalitarianism. This research dealing with only housewives can be completed by the equivalent study of men.

韓國 都市家族의 役割 : 實際와 期待를 中心으로 A Survey of Role Performance and Role Expectation of the Urban Family in Taegu, Korea, 1970

柳時中 慶北大學校 1973 論文集 Vol.17 No.-

The survey was conducted from June through July, 1970. The survey covered 400 random sample households throughout Taegu city, but the analysis is based on 334 samples which were determined to be effective for this study. Most of the respondents in this study are householders or housewives. The major purpose of the survey was to measure the difference between role performance and role expectation in the urban family in Korea and to discover the changing patterns of role structure of urban family in Korean society. The role differences in the family were classified into five categories which include 26 detailed role items. Five categories were the socialization of child, domestic activity, economic activity, leisure activity, and activities outside the house. The results of the survey analysis can be summarized as follows: 1. Socialization Mothers are responsible for their children's forming habits, studying and making friends, while fathers, on the other hand, seem more influential than mothers in their children's selection of schools, getting jobs and marriage. These phenomena reveal matters occurring in the earlier period of their children's life, that is, internal socialization are mainly in the hands of mothers, while the problems of their children pertinent to external relations when they grow up, will be increasingly handled by fathers. 2. Domestic activity Washing, sewing and repairing clothes, and washing and cleaning dishes dominantly belong to the role of mothers (wives) (70-80%). In the case of cleaning and sweeping the rooms, wives or mothers mainly, carry out the work (54.4%), though we admit that in comparison to other household duties room-cleaning tends to be done by daughters and housemaids, too. Eleven percent of all the households investigated have housemaids. The tendency in these households is for the housemaids to take charge of washing dishes and clothes, making food and room-cleaning. Forty-two percent of the easily done and short-term repairing and caring for the house are taken care of by the head of a household, while 32 percent are done by wives. Consequently, family affairs of urban families in Korea appear clearly to be sexually divided with wives in the center of the wheel. Married couple's mutual substitutability and mutual approachability in family work, which we can find in European societies tends to be weak in Korean urban families. 3. Economic Activity The productive function of a family, that is, earning a living, belongs to the role of men (73.5%), while wives assume the role of managing living expenses (68.1%) and going shopping for food (90.6%), for the clothes of children (89%), all of which are included in the category of consumption behavior. However, important consumption affairs (buying a house, making a decision for renting a house, etc.) tend to be dealt with by husbands(59%). 4. Leisure Activity As for decision-making for a family with regards to leisure activities, such as radio-listening, going to movies and spending holidays, it is pretty clear, to some extent, at any rate that the husband and the wife have an equal role in those decisions. However, in light of the fact that the rate of the decision converging to the specially-selected family members is similar to that of the' decision made by all the family members' consultation, leisure activities tend to be generally decided and enjoyed by all the family members in a collective and democratic way. 5. Activities outside the house Visiting relatives' house is done by the husband and the wife at a nearly similar rate. The roles of making friends with neighbors and attending PTA meetings are overwhelmingly played by the wives (more than 70%). On the other hand, the husbands go to the offices of the dong and the ku. As for social entertaining, very few couples go together. Mainly husbands alone play this role (76.6%). 6. The gap between role expectation and role performance When we see more than 10 percent gap between role expectation and role performance for wives, only with regards to helping the studies of their children, role performance is exceeded by role expectation, while, on the other hand, as for five roles such as forming habits of their children (10.5%), disciplining their children (25%), attending the PTA meetings (44.3%), repairing the house briefly (12.4%), and doing business role at the offices of dong and ku (16%), performance rate is higher than role expectation. As for the husbands, they play no role more than expected. As for all the role categories related to their children (26.6%), forming habits (10.5%), earning a living (13.3%), doing business at the offices of dong and ku (16.5%) and attending PTA meeting, the husbands' role performance cannot satisfy their role expectation.

韓國 地方大都市에 있어서의 階層構造에 관한 實證的 硏究 2 : 階層移動의 分析을 中心으로

柳時中(Yu Si-Joong),金至燮(Kim Ji-Sup) 경북대학교 사회과학연구소 1986 社會科學 Vol.5 No.-

男女大學生의 結婚觀 2 : 그들의 意識과 行動을 中心으로

柳時中(Si-Joong Yu),韓有常(You-Sang Han) 경북대학교 사회과학연구소 1984 社會科學 Vol.3 No.-

韓國 地方大都市에 있어서의 階層構造에 관한 實證的 硏究 1 : 階層과 階級意識의 分析을 中心으로

柳時中(Yu Si-Joong) 경북대학교 사회과학연구소 1986 社會科學硏究 Vol.2 No.-

大學 새마을 運動의 性格과 그 方向摸索

金種震,柳時中,權榮澤 경북대학교 1981 새마을 硏究論叢 Vol.1 No.-