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18~19세기 漢城府 經濟犯罪의 실태와 특징 : 死罪를 중심으로
柳承善 서울시립대학교 부설 서울학연구소 2008 서울학연구 Vol.- No.31
Although active economic activities centered on Hanseongbu(漢城府) during the 18th and 19th century contribured to helping residents in the area enjoy better living standard, a number of social problems entailed, one of which was the growing number of crimes. Economic crimes, in particular, were committed in Hanseongbu more than any other area. Specifically, most such crimes were thefts of national properties and forgery of official documents. The number of thefts of national properties sharply increased in the 19th century mainly in the capital city, especially in the north, or the western Gyeonggang(京江) region where warehouses of offcial residences were locared. Most of the thieves were those who served as a Sujik soldier or a Gojik(庫直), granary clerk, or were dismissed from these posts. They stole national properties due ro hunger and cold for the purpose of making money for gambling and building up fortunes, or being driven by personal greed. Crimes committed by lower- ranking officials and soldiers serving mainly at palaces and official residences can be interpreted as one of the aspects of Hanseongbu as a political city. Forgery of offlcial documents was prevalent in rhe Hanseongbu area, with a ratio higher than that of theft. The evidence of widespread forgery of official documents in the area implies that there were lots of demands for it, and accompanying economic benefits were enormous. Residents in Hanseongbu fabricated official documents to build up their fortunes, which tended to be a family and professional business. Economic crimes related to capital crimes as outlined above indicate, firstly, that the economic gap became wider in Hanseongbu, and crimes by the poor increased. Secondly, Pursuit for commercial value and consumption-orientedness caused economic crimes, and in this course, Mammonism was widespread in the awareness of the people. Furthermore, forgery patterns show that there was a growing desire for higher social class in the 18th and 19th century.
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