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마르크스主義의 社會的 背景 : 「마르크스는 産業革命의 産物」 "Marx, a product of Industrial Revolution"
朴東潤 명지대학교 사회과학연구소 1988 사회과학논총 Vol.3 No.-
The Social Background of Marxism -"Marx, a product of Industrial Revolution"- (Written by) Tong Yoon-Park Professor, Department of Political Science "Before the coming of the machines, under the guild system of industry, there was little difference between employer and laborer...... With the introduction of Power-driven machinery the guild system of industry disappeared and the factory system took its place. To build the factory and install the expensive machines much maney was required...... To run the machines many laborers were required...... Both capitalist and laborer were connected with the industry but their interests inn it were different and seemingly conflicting...... Hence in the early stages of the Industrial Revolution in England the conditions in the factory towns were appalling......" It passed away more than 100years since Karl Marx had died. However his profound influence around the political, economic and social field will never be underestimated over the world, especially over the underdeveloped and developing countries. On the other hand its also true that what "the prophet" foretold did not come to pass and the contradictim of his "scientific socialism" appeared in many fields. There are the great worries of almost every communist country in these days and Red China in the first place has been tending to revise Marxism more or less, leaving some excuse to cling to the principle of it. Soviet Russia today also is pushing ahead perestroika(restructuring), Garbachev's plan to modernize the Soviet economy. Other satellite states of Soviet Russia alike are trying to renovate their economy though there may be some difference of degree. After all, any thoughts based on materialism like Marxism are nothing but the Products of the social conditions of a certain age, and Karl Marx without exception is a true Product of social conditions of his time. Marxism which had come into the world more than one century ago will never coincide with the social and economic conditions of nowadays. Karl Marx grouped 'Owenites', "Fourierists' and 'Saint-Simonians' in the Communists Manifesto of 1848 as 'Utopian Socialists, by way of distinguishing their doctrines from his own 'Scientific Socialism', Nevertheless Marxism, to the last moment, had been affected by 'Utopian Socialists' which gave birth to it as E.H.CARR stated in his KARL MARX - A Study in Fanaticism. As a matter of fact, Marxism has never come out to be scientific as I have mentioned and socialism including Marxism is 'Utopian' rather than 'Scientifie'. It is conceived of as a means to the good life for the individuals who make up human societies, and not as a destined outcome of a predetermined historical evolution that lies outside the individual's control.
朴東潤 명지대학교 1985 明大論文集 Vol.16 No.-
Today's theory of capitalism and communism are quite far the from the "communist Declaration" and "Das Kapital" of Classical marxism. Miscellaneous Phenomena have been produced in this human society and countries which marxism can't explain and expect at all. Red China's economic reform in recent days is one of the examples. China, on the base of market Princeple, has been aimming at both the internal economic vitalization and the external open-door policy. One of the important reasons and causes of China's economic backwardness liesin adopting marx-Leninism of mau tse-tung's constitution. In addition, frequent polilitical renovations and so called cultural revolution also separated China from the Western countries, america and Japan well developed in the capitalistic systems. Now, China, sending quite many young students to the developed countries especially to america and Japan, is very anxious to have excellent technicians plus managers and administrators in economic field. In other words, China, thanks to marx-Leninism, has been in danger of falling into "equality of poverty" instead of "equality of wealth". China's leaders, upon realizing this astonishing facts, have bravely decided to adopt the "partial capitalistic economic systems" but still clinging to the principle of marx-Leminism. This means that marxism is not ever-lasting truth and gaspel in this human society wethout limit of time and space. On the contrary, it's nothing but the limited production of the time and space in which Karl marx lived and it's greatly natural marxism should be reviewed and revised totally.