일본 상품의 품질경쟁력

최의목 한국상품학회 1989 商品學硏究 Vol.- No.6

國際企業의 마아케팅 활동

崔義睦 건국대학교 1979 樂圓誌 Vol.14 No.1

多國籍企業이 주는 緊張과 그 對應策

崔義睦 건국대학교 1975 法經論叢 Vol.1975 No.10

신제품의 성공과 실패

최의목 건국대학교 상경대학 1986 商經論叢 Vol.- No.21

韓國 輸出商品의 國際競爭力 强化를 위한 品質革新 方案에 관한 實證的·商品學的 硏究

崔義睦 건국대학교 1977 學術誌 Vol.21 No.1

This study was undertaken with the support of Korean Traders Scholarship Foundation in 1976. The overall objectives of this study were : . To evaluate the circumstances and policies for Korean exports, and . To provide the guidelines of quality enhancement and new product development of Korean exports, and of the improvement of system and policies and regulations on product quality administration of exports. Therefore, its contents involve as follows : . The necessties of product quality improvement and new product development of Korean Exports, . Significances of world's new products, oriented by the treads of consumers' value changes and changes in their desires and needs, and by the technological innovations, . An evaluation of the existing systems and Korean government's organization for product ad-ministration, and . Reccommendations for the formulation of policies and promotion devices or systems for the de-velopment of Korean exports. 1. Necessties of Product Quality Improvement and New Product Development of Korean Exports Since 1962 the volume of Korean exports has grown up rapidly. The target of its volume in this year of 1977 is planned to mount 10 billion dollars. During the period the structure of exports has changed steadily incresing in the manufacture sector. The growth of expert volume mainly dues to the low quality of low price products. Therefore, there can be found some problems in Korean exports. Korean exports face some challenges and difficulties both in and out of Korean economy : the adaptation to the changes in foreign market environments, shortening product-life-cycles, the import restrictions in major export countries, the improvement in structure of industry and exports as planned, the pressure from the rise of real wage level, and the rapid increase in export claims. To solve or improve all these problems requires new product development and high quality of exports, without and beyond them the simple drive of export promotion in volume may results in a waste of resources. 2. Promises for Product Improvement Planning of Korean Experts To Search for the outlet and direction of product planning of Korean exports requires the consumer behavior oriented by changes in their values and believes and technological innovations. In modern industrial society consumer behavior has much changed resulting the changes in their wants or needs. Traditional use value has much been substituted by esteem values : leisure value, esthetic value, information value, health and welfare esteem, time and space value, trait of avoidance from complexity and use value. Therefore, the quality of outstanding world's new products are embodied with these values to fit the comsumers' new desires and needs emerged from the value changes. In addition, world's technical innovations have far reached to make it possible to produce new materials and products increasing the level of product quality itself. In the results of field survey, however, Korean export industries had shown a little ideas to improve their exports ; not sufficient foreign market research efforts, primitive information management system, no proper requiring R&D system and activity, poor organization of new product development, a few marketing oriented system had been found as the results of the survey. But most of all the sample bussinesses comprehend the urgent necessity in the product quality improvement of exports to enforce their international competitive capabilities. Moat of the sample companies acknowledge the necessity of non-price competition (quality competition) against foreign products. And also they want the government's role on the tax and financial supports for the production of improved exports and new products, Besides the small volume of R&D expenditure of Korea, the small portion of R&D expenditure in business sector dose not increase rapidly. To the light of this states it is necessary that the half voluntary accumulation of Technological Development Reserves to be changed to obligatory system to expand the reserves and the use of the money. 3. Recommendations for Policies on Improvement of Korean Exports Recommendations or Proposals, based on the information developed and analysis on export industries concerning the major policies and strategies for the new product development and improvement on quality of Korean exports, include the following : . Recommendations for the technological development policy, and . Recommendations for the industrial development policy, These recommendations should be adopted to implement and achieve the objectives of the products innovation of Korean exports. 1) Recommendation for the policy of imports of technology and R&D Though the volume of technical cooperations has been increased steadily, most of the contents of them have been far from manufacturing technology. It is likely to have no sign of direct contribution to quality of manufactures. Technical cooperation policy, therefore, must be considered to bear upon the development of manufacturing technology. The volume of import of technology is relatively low. Moreover it includes a little up-to-date technology, and the large portion of the import of it has no implication in know-how and industrial patent property. For these states the technology development strategy should be reconsidered. 2) Proposals for the development policy of manufactures The recommendations on this part should be concentrated on standardization, administration of quality control and invention. Waste and inefficiency could be eliminated by simplification or standarization in various items. The possibilities of standardization, however, must be studied carefully before its expansion, for it may shrink consumer's satisfaction and activity of small business. Policy for product quality control administration can be improved in various ways. Law quality Korean exports could have been grown up with competitive capabilities in price mainly due to the tax and financial supports. The support system somewhat aggravates extport of law quality manufactures. Suggested proposals for it are : . Rearrangement of government's organizational structure (in Ministry of Commerce and Industury) in administraive activity of manufactures quality control by defining its funational system, deviding it into line and staff organization, . Establishment of a Product Research Institute to undertake advisory function of administration of product quality control, . Discriminatory support system in tax and financial supports to lower low quality product, and . Inclusion of contribution toward quality improvement of exports into the qualification of licencee in export and Import.

國際 마아케팅 戰略의 展開에 關한 硏究

崔義睦 건국대학교 1974 學術誌 Vol.18 No.1

For the growing internationalization of business operation increasing number of companies are faced to the international marketing strategies. The formulation of international marketing strategies is requiring more sophiscated management approaches and new code of operations due to the complex features and characteristics of the international companies. This article atempts to visualize the steps and courses of formulation of the international marketing strategies. Despite the lack of exploratory study the findings provide some logical insights into the implication of international marketing strategies and its useful guidelines to them. First, the international marketing decision can not be made according to the traditional marketing principles. That is, international marketing policies have dual structure in which of international orientation and marketing orientation operate independently each other. The degree of international orientation alone does not provide sufficient guidelines for developing international marketing decisions. Second, however, the degree of international orientation has no direct relationships with that of marketing orientation for developing international marketing strategies. Rather, the most appropriate degree of international orientation should be selected synthetically in the light of the company's own internal and external invironments including its objects, capacity and available resources, knowledge) and experiences in foreign markets, the characteristics of products and its line, and the natures and size of overseas potential markets. Third, no single international orientation is superior or dominant in involving internationalization of a firm. more than one type of international orientations (ethnocentric, policentric, regiocentric, or geocentric orientation) are mingled in actual international marketin gdevelopment of a firm. Fourth, the actual development of international orientation can be visualize by the counter line map of international orientation. Through it you can easily find out company's situation in international orientation and that whether there are the posibilities of adjustment to the ideal orientation of a particular company. The counter line map is a device to discriminate whether the present development in international orientation is in proper state to utilize its resources and market opportunities or not. Fifth, though the advantages and disadvantages of a particular orientation vary considerabely with the individual company's objects, human and material resources, product, and market situations, there is superior and effective marketing decisions at any particular step of orientation. Last of all, the last step of developing international marketing strategy decisions is to evaluate synthetically the desirability of each marketing measure which is appropriate to the particular step of international orientation under the consideration of internal and external environments of international business : finding out the optimal marketing mix to the particular situation in international orientation.

日本 商品의 國際競爭力

崔義睦 건국대학교 1989 論文集 Vol.2 No.-

품질 국제분업 이론 검증을 위한 기초 연구 : 품질경제학의 기초 Some Basic Concepts for Quality Economics

崔義睦 建國大學校 經濟經營硏究所 1989 商經硏究 Vol.14 No.1

Despite the long history of economics, still debates on it are chaog. It is recognized that it lacks the power to solve realistic problems. More over the necessity of a new paradigm for it is claimed steadily. Why this situation happens? It is believed the cause of it is not to that the economic theories that have been developed yet lack sophistication in it, but due to that they lag behind the speed of development of real world ; a theory has to be changed so much as to reveal the development of real world. In other words, the main defect in the traditional main stream of economics rests in the assumption of homogeneous goods. In this respect this paper concerns identification of basic notions and models under the relaxation of the assumption of homogeneous goods. The purpose of it is to stress the significance of quality consumption behavior that has been neglected in the main stream of economics trying to generalize a quality oriented economic theory. It is necessary to have some questions to recognize the validity of quality oriented theory as follows; 1. In Consumption ; 1) Does utility include or stand for the value of quantity and quality? 2) Does marginal utility always decrease? 3) What is the mechanism of combined consumption behavior of quantity and quality? 4) Why consumer indiffirent curve does not reflect qualitative consumer satisfactions? 2. In Production and Economic Growth; 1) Does producer fix the level of quality before he starts to produce quantity? 2) What are the costs of quality production? 3) What is the relationships between the performance in quantity, cost decrease, and that in quality which are caused by an innovation? 3. In Price ; 1) In price theory the transactions of heterogeneos goods are reflected exactly? 2) If there is demand and supply of quantity and quality, can you explain the price mechanism? And How? 3) How much produced innovation have an effect on inflation? 4. In Welfare ; 1) If you devide the utility into quantitative one and qualitative one, how can you identify the utility? And what is the consumer suplus in this way of interpretation of utility? 2) What does it mean by the maximization of utility through consumption of quantity and quality? You can squeeze these questions into a few words ; "production and consumption is quantity and quality." And some answers to them consist the contents of this paper. The identified notions with models are as follows ; 1. In Quality and its Consumption ; 1) Quality Consumption Indifference Curve 2) Income Quality Consumption Curve 3) Quality Demand curve 4) Consumer Surplus in quality Consumption 2. In Quality and its Production ; 1) Iso-quality Curve 2) Quality Production Possibilities Curve 3) Quality Cost Curve 3. In the relationships between Quantity and Quality ; 1) quality-Quantity Substitution Curve 2) The Relationships between Iso-Quality Curve and Iso-Quantity Curve 3) Quantity Performance and quality Performance of Innovation Although quantity and quality do not exit separately, in covinience of approach, after a concepton of quality approch is depicted, qualitative approach should be combined with it so as it be a sound and realistic tool of economics. The work of the combination of the two approaches, quality approach, is not impossible, when the qualitative approach of any concept with its model has been identified and qualified, Some cases in this paper proved the possibilities for it. In this sense quality approach has its worth and validity.

自然과 인간의 창조물에 있어 對稱 세계의 의미

崔義睦 건국대학교 경제경영연구소 1993 상경연구 Vol.18 No.1

國際企業戰略의 分散化와 統合化

崔義睦 건국대학교 1981 商經論叢 Vol.- No.16