濟州島方言의 接尾辭 硏究 : 特히 { -true }를 中心으로 With Special Reference to {-true} Forms

姜根保 제주대학교 1977 논문집 Vol.9 No.1

(1) {-tu˘re}/-ruˇre~-re/ is construed about the expression of the case differently according to a preceding noun. In other words, it is used as the function of a dative case if it is connected after the followings-personal pronoun, noun of a government post's name, a person's name, human relations, etc., in other nouns it is shown as allative, and if it is preceded before demonstrative pronoun it is shown as locative. (2) {-tu˘re} forming a compound form becomes preceding element, and it is fellowed by {-n/ga/ra} etc., that's, fundamental mainly. And the modifier form of an infleted word forms grammaticized {-sindu˘re} by connecting before {-tu˘re}. (3) In connecting of a morpheme {-tu˘re} is possible to connect 「noun+ tu˘re」, 「inflected word+tu˘re」, but as the standard language {-t∂r∂} is limited by forming of 「noun + t∂r∂」, both forms are discriminated. (4) {-tu˘re} is analyzed into {ti} and {-re} In dialect form {ti} is shown to {te/ti/tu˘/t∂}, in the words of philology after the 15th century it is shown to {tu/tu˘i/tu˘/t∂/tbi}. As the letter 「矣 : t-」 was used as a sign of a word written in Chinese characters, 「此矣」 in Hyang-ga is possible to read as {idi}. {-re} is a dialect form, including {-ri/re/r∂}, as 「良 : ra」 is used as a sign of a word written in Chinese characters, 「此良」 is possible to read {ire}. (5) {docˇhira} in Japanese and {∂du˘re} in Korean are the same meaning. {-cˇhira} and {-duˇre} correspond each other phonologically. (6) {-tu˘re} is formed by connecting of {ti} meaning place and {-re} meaning direction, its function is grammaticized to locative·allative.

濟州島方言 語彙(二) : (屈曲에서의 〔-마씀〕을 중심으로)

姜根保 濟州大學 國語國文學會 1975 國文學報 Vol.7 No.-

濟州島方言「잇다」活用考

姜根保 제주대학교 1972 논문집 Vol.4 No.-

1. In this study I divided the inflections of Jeju dialect into -khuda, -uda, and-suda systems, and according to those inflections made up an inflections table of adjective it-ta, as the result of that those stems appear four types as follows : isi, it, si, and sit. (1) The sounds n. r. l, m.η.??.o. p. kh are preceded by the connecting condition of the sound that a stem isi shows. (2) The sounds k, n, t, s, c are preceded by a stem it and the stem it is changed into isi in case that the sounds r .l. m. and vowel are preceded by the stem it. (3) The sounds n, r. l, m, η, ??, o, p, kh are preceded by a stem si, and the sounds a, ,i,j ,m are followed by the stem si, And in the case that the stem si is followed by the sounds k, n, t, s, c, the stem si is changed into a stem sit. 2. A stem si loses the work of an inflective word. (1) si is and a/ are used as inflections of past form in dialect : the former is that of ka-si-nja?(went?), ka-sinie (went), the latter is that of ka-t-ta (went), m k -t-ta (ate), both forms are changed in all form a stem si. (2) si?? is?? which are inflection form of a stem si showing Interrogative affirmation are used as addessive case in connecting to nouns. (3) A pre-noun (in Korean) form (unconjugation adjective) sin of a stem si and sin-twi which is composed of connection of an incomplete noun-twi, -te show a dative as a postposition. And-sin-twi is similar to the word-sont??i of the Yi Dynasty in fifteenth century in usage and form. So I consider that-son-t i is changed into inflection of a stem it.

屬格 {-ne}의 硏究 : 濟州島方言의 {-ne}를 中心으로

姜根保 제주대학 1976 논문집 Vol.8 No.1

Ⅰ. The genitive case of Korean language is expressed with {-uˇi] and plural is expressed with {-tuˇl}. Meanwhile, in the dialect of Jeju Island, above both functions are substituted with {-ne}. In case {-ne}is genitive case, it is composed of "Noun Class World + {-ne} + Noun Class Word" and if it is the usage of plural suffix, it is composed of "Noun Class Word + {-ne} + Pronoun Class Word". And the structure is composed with genitive case and expressed with genitive case in contexual meaning, sometimes it is expressed with plural suffix, but each of thorn is discriminated by junction. In other words, if it is + junction, it means plural, -junction it means the function of genitive case. Ⅱ. Plural suffix {-ne} is given expression to {-nai} not only a Chinese character writing of old Korean Language but also Korean language of 15 century. {-nai} corresponds to plural suffix {-ra} which has been used since ancient times in Japanese language (tε -take, nε-nare, -pε-hara, kεul-kapa) and it is similar to plural suffix; Turkish -lar, (-lor) Jungus -sal, -hal, -ul, -il Manchu -sa, ta, -te, -ri Mongolian -nar, -ut, -od, -s, etc. Consequently {-ne} can be mentioned suffix of an identical function which is equivalent to origin of Japanese {-ra}. And genitive case {-ne} is omission form of {-s} from plural suvvix {-ne}+possessive case {-s}.

濟州島方言의 曲用에 대하여

姜根保 제주대학 1978 논문집 Vol.10 No.1

1. There are {-i}, {-ka} in tile case which shows nominative in the dialect of Jeju-Island, and abbreviation is used together. The nominative {-i} is connected afterwards at substantive of close-syllable, and at open-syllable {-ka} is connected afterwards. In case {-i} is connected afterward at the open-syllable, it is cut down and omitted. In case nominative {-i}, {ka} are used or in case they are omitted, they are opposed to each other in contextual meaning. In case nominative {-i}, {-ka} build up compound from, they connect afterward at other case, as the compound form {-i+ka} is also expressed. {- i+ka} is compatible with lexical category and grammatical function. 2. The function of dative is showed with {-sinti}, {-sintu˘re}, {-anthi}, {-anthu˘re}, {-tu˘re} etc. {-sin} of {-sinti} is an inflextional from of adjective {sitta}, {-ti} is analyzed as {ti} which is a formal noun showing place. {-ti} of {-tu˘re} is also a formal noun showing place, {-re} has the same meaning and form as {re} of demonstrative pronoun {ire, ku˘re, cˇ∂re}. Accordingly {-tu˘re} is directive in the first function, dative is the second usage. 3. Accusative is expressed {-u˘i}, (-ru˘l}, and {-l}, at the close-syllable it is often omitted. {-u˘l} , {-ru˘l} are the case connecting forward, but they are used by mixture with {-n} etc. which shows the meaning of emphasis. And according to a descriptive inflected word {-u˘l}, {-ru˘l} are also realized to directive. 4. Genitive is showed {-ne}, {-u˘i}, {-i}, {-s}, {-h}, and sometimes it is omitted. {-ne} is used plural expression in the standard language, it is used the genitive function in dialect. Substantive preceding {-ne} is limited to substantive on persons in personel pronoun etc. {-ne} is originally considered as conversion from plural suffix to genitive. {-ss} and {-h} are also showed genitive function. Classification of the tow forms is as follows: In case the ending sound of substantive preceding is the open-syllable, the beginning voice of substantive following is plosive or affricate, {-h} is used genitive, in other voice {-s} is used. 5. The function of locative is showed {-e}, {-i} , {-es∂}, {-tu˘re} etc. {-i} indicates the position of time, it precedes other case in the compound form. {-es∂}, {-is∂}, {-s∂} connected afterward all at substantive as the function of locative, and their scope appears {-es∂}, {-s∂} at the open-syllable, at the close-syllable {-es∂} appears mainly. {-is∂}, {-s∂} is found the formation from terminal form {is∂, s∂} of adjective {itta}

濟州島 方言 語彙考(一)

姜根保 濟州大學 國語國文學會 1972 國文學報 Vol.4 No.-

濟州島 方言의 活用語尾에 대한 硏究

姜根保,玄平孝,金洪植 제주대학교 1974 논문집 Vol.6 No.-

In this paper, the conjugational endings of the Cheju-Do Dialect have been examined through the actual utterances of native speakers. The conjugational endings have been classified into two categories-terminal endings and pre-terminal endings. An analytical processing has disclosed that pre-terminal endings are used to show the indicative, retrospective, and presumptive moods, while terminal endings to show the interrogative, imperative, and optative moods. the conjugations forms characteristic of the Cheju-Do Dialect and their special features are as follows: 1. Indicative mood. The basic form of the indicative mood is {-n??-} as seen in '-n??ni'and '-n??nya' however the Cheju-Do Dialect has '-na' to show the indicative mood and it is most peculiar to and characteristic of the dialect. This '-na'can be analyzed into {-n??-}, an indicaive morpheme, and {-a}, a conjugational ending of the declarative mood. The {-ne-}of '-bneda' is another morpheme for the indicative mood characteristic of the Cheju-Do Dialect and '-nye' is another indicative ending which is analyzed into {-ni-} and {-e} 2. Retrosectve mood. The basic ending form in the retrospective mood is {-d??-} as shown in '-d??ra' and '-d??nya'. The Cheju-Do Dialect, however, has many varients, among which {-d??-} and {-de} are ones found also in other regional dialects but peculiar to Cheju-Do are {-de-} of 'bdeda' '{-a/??-}' of '-ara/??r??', {-an/??n} of '-ange/??nge' 3. Presumptive mood. The basic form of the presumptive mood is {-k'-} in 'k'iy??' '-k'??ra' '-k'inya' '-k'uda' and peculiar to the dialect are '-k'iy??' '-k'??ra' '-k'uda' '-k'uga' '-ry??'. also '-k'a' '-lta' '-lti' serve as presumptive endings in the Cheju-Do Dealed. 4. Honorific System. There are two morphemes to be used in the honorific system of the Cheju-Do Dialecd. One is {-b-} which is traceable to 's??b' and the other {-u-}, the indigenous form to Cheju-Do. 5. Imperative mood. The imperative mood of the Cheju-Do Dialect is composed by connecting imperative terminal endings directly to the root forms. '-ra' and '-bs??' are some of these endings. 6. Optative mood. The optative mood is composed by connecting optative endings to the roof forms. These endings are seen in '-ja' and '-bjui'. Viewed from a diachronic standpoint, these conjugational endings range widely in their developments. The endings form of the 7th or 8th century are found in the contemporary dialect along with the ending forms of the 18th or 19th century. This kind of confusion and mixture is another feafure of the Cheju-Do Dialect.