『史記』“謗書”說之補論 ― 以「平准」「匈奴」「貨殖」「遊俠」四篇為中心

高爭爭 ( Gao Zheng Zheng ) 중국어문학회 2021 中國語文學誌 Vol.- No.77

The theory that “Shi Ji(史記)”, is a slander book was first put forward from Wang Chong’s remarks in “Hou han shu(後漢書)”. Ban Gu examined through “Huo zhi lie zhuan(貨殖列傳)“, “Ping zhun shu(平准書)”, and “You xia lie zhuan(遊俠列傳)” that Shiji is a slander book, and scholars in the past mostly followed Ban Gu’s point of view. The author believes that “Xiong nu lie zhuan(匈奴列傳)” should be included in the scope of investigation. Based on the analysis of the contents of these four articles, “Si ma qian(司馬遷)” mainly criticized “Han wu di(漢武帝)” from two perspectives. First, “Han wu di(漢武帝)” doesn’t understand the change of truth. Second, because of “Han wu di” often goes to war, which led to the demise of benevolence and righteousness in the whole society. And “Si ma qian” personally experienced the adverse consequences of the disappearance of social benevolence and righteousness, so his reflection on the disappearance of social benevolence and righteousness was written in the “You xia lie zhuan(遊俠列傳)”. At the same time, speaking of the whether the “Shi Ji(史記)” is a slander book(謗書) or not, the word “謗(bàng)” here doesn’t mean “slander, calumniate, libel”, it means just a “criticism of bad politics at that time”. The above is the main content of this paper.

Two-dimensional heat transfer modeling of high-end loudspeakers with the periodic oscillations of convex dust caps

Zheng Yu GAO,Hye-Mi JUNG,Sukkee UM 대한기계학회 2014 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2014 No.4-3

Burden of Total and Cause-Specific Mortality Related to Tobacco Smoking among Adults Aged ≥45 Years in Asia: A Pooled Analysis of 21 Cohorts

Zheng, Wei,McLerran, Dale F.,Rolland, Betsy A.,Fu, Zhenming,Boffetta, Paolo,He, Jiang,Gupta, Prakash Chandra,Ramadas, Kunnambath,Tsugane, Shoichiro,Irie, Fujiko,Tamakoshi, Akiko,Gao, Yu-Tang,Koh, Woon Public Library of Science 2014 PLoS medicine Vol.11 No.4

<▼1><P>Wei Zheng and colleagues quantify the burden of tobacco-smoking-related deaths for adults in Asia.</P><P><I>Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary</I></P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Background</B></P><P>Tobacco smoking is a major risk factor for many diseases. We sought to quantify the burden of tobacco-smoking-related deaths in Asia, in parts of which men's smoking prevalence is among the world's highest.</P><P><B>Methods and Findings</B></P><P>We performed pooled analyses of data from 1,049,929 participants in 21 cohorts in Asia to quantify the risks of total and cause-specific mortality associated with tobacco smoking using adjusted hazard ratios and their 95% confidence intervals. We then estimated smoking-related deaths among adults aged ≥45 y in 2004 in Bangladesh, India, mainland China, Japan, Republic of Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan—accounting for ∼71% of Asia's total population. An approximately 1.44-fold (95% CI = 1.37–1.51) and 1.48-fold (1.38–1.58) elevated risk of death from any cause was found in male and female ever-smokers, respectively. In 2004, active tobacco smoking accounted for approximately 15.8% (95% CI = 14.3%–17.2%) and 3.3% (2.6%–4.0%) of deaths, respectively, in men and women aged ≥45 y in the seven countries/regions combined, with a total number of estimated deaths of ∼1,575,500 (95% CI = 1,398,000–1,744,700). Among men, approximately 11.4%, 30.5%, and 19.8% of deaths due to cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and respiratory diseases, respectively, were attributable to tobacco smoking. Corresponding proportions for East Asian women were 3.7%, 4.6%, and 1.7%, respectively. The strongest association with tobacco smoking was found for lung cancer: a 3- to 4-fold elevated risk, accounting for 60.5% and 16.7% of lung cancer deaths, respectively, in Asian men and East Asian women aged ≥45 y.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Tobacco smoking is associated with a substantially elevated risk of mortality, accounting for approximately 2 million deaths in adults aged ≥45 y throughout Asia in 2004. It is likely that smoking-related deaths in Asia will continue to rise over the next few decades if no effective smoking control programs are implemented.</P><P><I>Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary</I></P></▼2><▼3><P><B>Editors' Summary</B></P><P><B>Background</B></P><P>Every year, more than 5 million smokers die from tobacco-related diseases. Tobacco smoking is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (conditions that affect the heart and the circulation), respiratory disease (conditions that affect breathing), lung cancer, and several other types of cancer. All told, tobacco smoking kills up to half its users. The ongoing global “epidemic” of tobacco smoking and tobacco-related diseases initially affected people living in the US and other Western countries, where the prevalence of smoking (the proportion of the population that smokes) in men began to rise in the early 1900s, peaking in the 1960s. A similar epidemic occurred in women about 40 years later. Smoking-related deaths began to increase in the second half of the 20th century, and by the 1990s, tobacco smoking accounted for a third of all deaths and about half of cancer deaths among men in the US and other Western countries. More recently, increased awareness of the risks of smoking and the introduction of various tobacco control measures has led to a steady decline in tobacco use and in smoking-related diseases in many developed countries.</P><P><B>Why Was This Study Done?</B></P><P>Unfortunately, less well-developed tobacco control programs, inadequate public awareness of smoking risks, and tobacco company marketing have recently led to sharp increases in the prevalence of smoking in many low- and middle-income countries, particularly in Asia. More than 50% of men in many Asian countries are now smokers, about tw

Decitabine in the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes, Which Combined with Complex Karyotype Respectively

Gao, Su,Li, Zheng,Fu, Jian-Hong,Hu, Xiao-Hui,Xu, Yang,Jin, Zheng-Ming,Tang, Xiao-Wen,Han, Yue,Chen, Su-Ning,Sun, Ai-Ning,Wu, De-Pei,Qiu, Hui-Ying Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.15

Background: We conducted a study exploring the clinical safety and efficacy of decitabine in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), combined with a complex karyotype. Materials and Methods: From April 2009 to September 2013, a total of 35 patients with AML/MDS combined with a complex karyotype diagnosed in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University were included for retrospective analysis. All patients were treated with decitabine alone ($20mg/m^2$ daily for 5 days) or combination AAG chemotherapy (Acla 20mg qod*4d, Ara-C $10mg/m^2$ q12h*7d, G-CSF $300{\mu}g$ qd, the dose of G-CSF adjusted to the amount in blood routinely). Results: In 35 patients, 15 exhibited a complete response (CR), and 6 a partial response (PR), the overall response rate (CR+PR) being 60% (21 of 35). Median disease-free survival was 18 months and overall survival was 14 months. In the 15 MDS patients with a complex karyotype, the CR rate was 53.3% (8 of 15); in 20 AML patients with complex karyotype, the overall response rate was 65% (13 of 20). The response rate of decitabine alone (22 cases) was 56.5% (13 of 22), while in the combination chemotherapy group (13 cases), the effective rate was 61.5% (8 of 13)(P>0.05). There are 15 patients with chromosome 7 aberration, after treatment with decitabine, 7 CR, 3 PR, overall response rate was 66.7% (10 of 15). Of 18 patients with 3 to 5 kinds of chromosomal abnormalities, 66.7% demonstrated a response; of 17 with more than 5 chromosomal abnormalities, 52.9% had a response. In the total of 35 patients, with one course (23 patients) and ${\geq}$two courses (12 patients), the overall response rate was 40.9% and 92.3% (P<0.05). Grade III to IV hematological toxicity was observed in 27 cases (75%). Grade III to IV infections were clinically documented in 7 (20%). Grades I to II non-hematological toxicity were infections (18 patients), haematuria (2 patients), and bleeding (3 patients). With follow-up until September 2013, 7 patients were surviving, 18 had died and 10 were lost to follow-up. In the 6 cases who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) all were still relapse-free survivors. Conclusions: Decitabine alone or combination with AAG can improve outcome of AML/MDS with a complex karyotype, there being no significant difference decitabine in inducing remission rates in patients with different karyotype. Increasing the number of courses can improve efficiency. This approach with fewer treatment side effects in patients with a better tolerance should be employed in order to create an improved subsequent chance for HSCT.

Effects of SiC content on microstructure and properties of carbon/ceramic conductive composites

Xiao Gao,Xin Zheng,Jie Gao,Juncheng Liu,Jiahai BAI,Guoliang Yuan 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2016 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.17 No.12

The effects of SiC content on the phase composition, microstructure, sintering performance, mechanical and electricalproperties of the carbon/ceramic conductive composites were investigated. The results show that when SiC content increasesfrom 1 wt% to 3 wt%, lamellar graphite structure can be seen in the microstructure of the composites, and the porosity andwater absorption increases gradually. With further increase of SiC content to 6 wt% and 9 wt%, lamellar graphite disappears,and granular SiC crystals fill in the ceramic phase, thus increasing the densification degree of the composites. When SiCcontent is in the range of 1 wt% to 3 wt%, the shrinkage rate decreases sharply while the weight loss decreases a little. As SiCcontent increases from 3 wt% to 9 wt%, both the shrinkage rate and weight loss basically keep unchanged. With the increaseof SiC content, the bending strength of the composites first decreases and then increases, and finally reaches the peak value at9 wt% SiC. However, the resistivity presents an opposite variation trend, and the conductivity is best as SiC content is 9 wt%.

Tumor-Derived Transforming Growth Factor-β is Critical for Tumor Progression and Evasion from Immune Surveillance

Li, Zheng,Zhang, Li-Juan,Zhang, Hong-Ru,Tian, Gao-Fei,Tian, Jun,Mao, Xiao-Li,Jia, Zheng-Hu,Meng, Zi-Yu,Zhao, Li-Qing,Yin, Zhi-Nan,Wu, Zhen-Zhou Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.13

Tumors have evolved numerous mechanisms by which they can escape from immune surveillance. One of these is to produce immunosuppressive cytokines. Transforming growth factor-${\beta}$(TGF-${\beta}$) is a pleiotropic cytokine with a crucial function in mediating immune suppression, especially in the tumor microenvironment. TGF-${\beta}$ produced by T cells has been demonstrated as an important factor for suppressing antitumor immune responses, but the role of tumor-derived TGF-${\beta}$ in this process is poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that knockdown of tumor-derived TGF-${\beta}$ using shRNA resulted in dramatically reduced tumor size, slowing tumor formation, prolonging survival rate of tumor-bearing mice and inhibiting metastasis. We revealed possible underlying mechanisms as reducing the number of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and $CD4^+Foxp3^+$ Treg cells, and consequently enhanced IFN-${\gamma}$ production by CTLs. Knockdown of tumor-derived TGF-${\beta}$ also significantly reduced the conversion of na$\ddot{i}$ve $CD4^+$ T cells into Treg cells in vitro. Finally, we found that knockdown of TGF-${\beta}$ suppressed cell migration, but did not change the proliferation and apoptosis of tumor cells in vitro. In summary, our study provided evidence that tumor-derived TGF-${\beta}$ is a critical factor for tumor progression and evasion of immune surveillance, and blocking tumor-derived TGF-${\beta}$ may serve as a potential therapeutic approach for cancer.

Improved Deadbeat Current Controller with a Repetitive-Control-Based Observer for PWM Rectifiers

Gao, Jilei,Zheng, Trillion Q.,Lin, Fei The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2011 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.11 No.1

The stability of PWM rectifiers with a deadbeat current controller is seriously influenced by computation time delays and low-pass filters inserted into the current-sampling circuit. Predictive current control is often adopted to solve this problem. However, grid current predictive precision is affected by many factors such as grid voltage estimated errors, plant model mismatches, dead time and so on. In addition, the predictive current error aggravates the grid current distortion. To improve the grid current predictive precision, an improved deadbeat current controller with a repetitive-control-based observer to predict the grid current is proposed in this paper. The design principle of the proposed observer is given and its stability is discussed. The predictive performance of the observer is also analyzed in the frequency domain. It is shown that the grid predictive error can be decreased with the proposed method in the related bode diagrams. Experimental results show that the proposed method can minimize the current predictive error, improve the current loop robustness and reduce the grid current THD of PWM rectifiers.

Synthesis and adsorption properties of H4Ti5O12@CNT ion sieves

Gao Yuyu,Chen Jin,Chu Suihong,Yang Bo,Zheng Lu,Liu Min 대한화학회 2023 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.44 No.11

In this study, H4Ti5O12@CNT ion sieves with an encapsulated structure were fabricated by combining pretreated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as a template and carbon source, C16H36O4Ti as a titanium source, and CH3COOLi as a lithium source. By characterizing and analyzing the pretreated and untreated CNTs, numerous COOH and OH functional groups were introduced into the pretreated CNTs, which improved their dispersion in aqueous solutions and ethanol and facilitated the adsorption of lithium ions. The ion sieves prepared with the precursor roasted at 700 °C showed the best adsorption performance. Moreover, the structural integrity of the ion sieves was not affected by acid washing. For the first adsorption cycle, the ion sieves had a lithium-ion saturated adsorption capacity of 32.32 mg/g. After five adsorption–desorption cycles, the adsorption capacity only decreased by 5.1% to 30.68 mg/g, which shows that they had good cycling stability.

Individual and combined cytotoxicity assessment of zearalenone with ochratoxin A or α-zearalenol by full factorial desig

Zheng, N.,Gao, Y.N.,Liu, J.,Wang, H.W.,Wang, J.Q. 한국식품과학회 2018 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.27 No.1

The combined mycotoxins zearalenone (ZEA) with ochratoxin A (OTA) or ${\alpha}$-zearalenol (${\alpha}-ZOL$) are frequently found together in milk. Toxicological data concerning the combined effects of these mycotoxins are sparse. In present study, individual and combined ZEA, OTA and ${\alpha}-ZOL$ caused cytotoxicity and oxidative damage, including reductions in intracellular superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities and glutathione content, along with increases in malonaldehyde content on human Hep G2 cells after 48 h of exposure. Among individual mycotoxins, OTA had the greatest cytotoxic effect followed by ${\alpha}-ZOL$. Compared with individual mycotoxins, combinations produced more serious negative effects, more importantly, ZEA + OTA was antagonistic for these effects, whereas ZEA + ${\alpha}-ZOL$ was antagonistic at low concentrations, but synergistic at high concentrations of ZEA, which were evaluated by $3{\times}3$ full factorial analysis and estimated marginal means plots. Our results also demonstrated a significant correlation between cytotoxicity and oxidative damage in response to these combinations.

Gene Expression Profiles of HeLa Cells Impacted by Hepatitis C Virus Non-structural Protein NS4B

Zheng, Yi,Ye, Lin-Bai,Liu, Jing,Jing, Wei,Timani, Khalid A.,Yang, Xiao-Jun,Yang, Fan,Wang, Wei,Gao, Bo,Wu, Zhen-Hui Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biol 2005 Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.38 No.2

By a cDNA array representing 2308 signal transduction related genes, we studied the expression profiles of HeLa cells stably transfected by Hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 4B (HCV-NS4B). The alterations of the expression of four genes were confirmed by real-time quantitative RT-PCR; and the aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C1 (AKR1C1) enzyme activity was detected in HCV-NS4B transiently transfected HeLa cells and Huh-7, a human hepatoma cell line. Of the 2,308 genes we examined, 34 were up-regulated and 56 were down-regulated. These 90 genes involved oncogenes, tumor suppressors, cell receptors, complements, adhesions, transcription and translation, cytoskeletion and cellular stress. The expression profiling suggested that multiple regulatory pathways were affected by HCV-NS4B directly or indirectly. And since these genes are related to carcinogenesis, host defense system and cell homeostatic mechanism, we can conclude that HCV-NS4B could play some important roles in the pathogenesis mechanism of HCV.