Overexpression of Zoysia ZjCIGR1 gene confers cold stress resistance to zoysiagrass

Yang‑Ji Kim,Dae‑Hwa Yang,Mi‑Young Park,Hyeon‑Jin Sun,Pill‑Soon Song,Hong‑Gyu Kang,Seok‑Cheol Suh,Yong‑Eok Lee,이효연 한국식물생명공학회 2020 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.14 No.1

Zoysia japonica Steud. is a warm-season lawn grass popular in Korea and elsewhere. They are cultivated in many places such as river banks, roadside, and play grounds. However, there still is a disadvantage of frequent mowing, and the grass grows poorly under the chilly conditions. To develop a grass variety that circumvents these drawbacks, we cloned the chitininducible gibberellins-responsive1 gene (CIGR1) from zoysiagrass. The full length of the ZjCIGR1 (Zj; Zoysia japonica Steud.) gene was obtained by 5′/3′ RACE PCR and the phylogenetic tree showed that it belonged to the CIGR1-subgroup in the PAT1-group of GRAS protein family. Expression of the ZjCIGR1 in wild-type plants was confirmed in roots, meristems, leaves, and flowers, especially high in the flowers. The transgenic zoysiagrass was confirmed by PCR using gene-specific primers, phosphinothricin-acetyl-transferase (PAT) strip test, and Southern blot analysis. ZjCIGR1-overexpressing plants acquired tolerance to cold stress displaying morphological phenotypes characteristic of stress resistance. In addition, in the transformants, expression of the ZjCIGR1 as well as cold-regulated (COR) gene was increased compared to the wild-type plants under cold stress condition. These results suggest that ZjCIGR1 gene is an important candidate for regulating cold stress resistance.

Plant Regeneration and Bulblet Formation of Allium wakegi Araki

Song,Won-seob,Yang,Deok-Chun,Yoon,Jae-Ho,Ryu,Sang-Hyun 한국자원식물학회 2004 Plant Resources Vol.7 No.1

Allium wakegi was cultured shoot tip in the condition of light culture. The Allium wakegi added plant growth regulator was observed of plant regeneration and bulblet formation. Callus Induction and growing rate was the best of 78% when added alone 2,4-D 0.5mg/L. In the formation of shoot, its regeneration rate was 96% when added BA 0.5mg/L in the light culture condition. When BA 0.5mg/L and NAA 0.5mg/L mixed and BA 0.5 mg/L and NAA 1.0mg/L mixed, the rates were 99% and 97% respectively, and these conditions were suitable for forming shoot. In the formation of roots, when added NAA 2.0mg/L in the light culture condition, the regeneration rate was 90.6 % and the roots were abnormal. When added NAA 1.0mg/L, the rate was 82 % and the highest. In the formation of bulbs, when BA 05mg/L and NAA 1.0mg/L mixed, the root generantion and its size in the bulbs was the best compare to other treatment experiments.

조선후기 지방재정과 계방의 출현 : 제역 및 제역촌과 관련하여

송양섭(Song Yang-seop) 湖西史學會 2011 역사와 담론 Vol.0 No.59

The Gye-Bang is a form of financing administration reluctantly adopted by local governments as a protocol of Je-yeok witnessed the Daedong Act and the Gyunyeok Act during the eighteenth century. The old practice of Je-yeok, however, was extensively adhered in procuring local incomes even after the enactment of Daedong and the Gyunyeok because the financial compensation was limited to the central government and the local finance was still in trouble. In the meantime, with the background of both communal taxing and the practice of Yang-ho, a various ways of Bang-nab (a sort of proxy tax payment) were widespread; the traditional Jye-yeok Villages (the tax-exempt communities) were, as a result, transformed into a new form of Gye-bang. Same in the cases of contemporaneous Min-go and Gunpogye practices, the Gye-bang was a kind of proxy-taxing agent between local government and community; it was highly propagated with the merits of both evading military duties and financing local institutes though. As a result, the Gye-bang played a significant role in collecting local revenue and this explains why it was strongly customized in the local administration in spite of its banning by central government.

실리카흄 혼입 고강도 콘크리트의 함수율과 폭열 특성

송훈,문경주,이철웅,소양섭 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.24 No.1(구조계)

High strength concrete is mainly employed in high rise building as well as prestressed concrete. High strength concrete with design strength of 80MPa is applied to some building structure. High rise building using high strength concrete amounting to 100MPa is introduced. Recently, silica fume is positively employed as mineral admixture in manufacturing ultra high strength due to the formation of tight matrix inducing the advancement of physi-chemical properties such as the freeze-thaw resistance, corrosion resistance and chemical resistance etc. as well as improvement in strength and durability. In spite of the effectiveness of silica fume, the explosive spalling in concrete exposed surface near the source of fire incurs when exposed to high temperature in relative short tenn. Thus, this study is concerned with experimentally revealing fire resistance of high strength concrete adding silica fume. Explosive spalling happened when heat flux and furnace temperature amounted to 49-63.3KW/m² and 608-676℃, respectively, which are the almost same value with fire temperature in site.

書堂에 관한 歷史的 考察

宋楊燮 春川敎育大學 1983 論文集 Vol.23 No.-

中學生의 尊待法 實態考察 : 麗水·麗川 地域을 中心으로

成洋彬 朝鮮大學校 敎育大學院 1986 敎育論叢 Vol.2 No.2

19세기 유학층(幼學層)의 증가양상 : 『단성호적대장』을 중심으로

송양섭 한국역사연구회 2005 역사와 현실 Vol.- No.55

The present study attempts to elucidate aspects of increase of the Yuhak class in terms of change of Jikyeok structure. The Danseong census registration shows a steady increase of the class of Yuhak, eventually reaching 80% of total taxable people in the late 19th century. Some 60 to 70% of Yuhak maintained their status, but about 20% showed repetitive in-and-outs from of the Yuhak class. While 92.7% of total taxable people maintained their status, 4.1% moved up and 3.2% moved down to the next status category. This as a whole suggests a very stable maintenance of the Jikyeok structure. Newly included Yuhakho were dominated by Jeokoeho, which were clearly distinguished by traditional yangban families. The fact that they were permitted to be included to the Yuhak may reflect the demand to move up to the upper class. However, we should not understand this in terms of disarray of administrative structure, which positively adjusted to the changed condition under the rapid social change.

江原道 書院現況調査

宋楊燮 春川敎育大學 1986 論文集 Vol.26 No.-

This survey of the Seoweon (書院) has been done for the following objectives. First : To offer the fundamental data needed for the study on the educational system of Seoweon, a knid of traditional and private educational institutes in Korea. Second : To find the basic grounds for utilzation of Seoweon as training places for the national pride and identity through the upsurging of the great respects for our ancient sages and framous teachers. Third : To provide materials desirable for the policy which would stimulate local culture on the basis that Seoweon exercise the great influences on the morality and curtom of the people. The results of the survey are as follows ; 1. There are 10 Seoweons (書院) in Kangweon-do, and they are more distributed in the areas of Kangneung, Wonju and Chuncheon than any other areas. 2. One of them was established in the period of foundation in 17th Century, which falls under from the time of Joong Jong (中宗) to Seon Jo (宣祖). Eight of them were esta131ished in the period of development in 17c-l8c, from the time of Kwuang Hae Kun (光海君) to Jeong Jo (正祖) and the rest were in the period of decline in 19c, from the time of Soon Jo (純祖) to Ko Jong (高宗). O'Bong Seoweon (五峰書院) in Kangneung was the first one (1556) in Kangweon-do. 3. 22 Sages were respected and served ritually at the Seoweon (書院) in Kangweon-do, and each of them has a particular relaton with the place in which Seonweon had been founded. It was Confucius (孔子) and Chu-tzu (朱子) that were served ritually at O'Bong Seoweon (五峰書院) without any relations with the place, and those who do the services are Confucian scholars and civil officials. 4. Seoweon in Kangweon-do were all abolished by the removal policy of Dae Weon Kun (大院君) in 1868, and in 1871. 5. The buldings of Seoweons (書院) were rebuilt as follows. O'Bong Seoweon (五峰書院) in 1964, Songdam Seoweon (松潭書院) in 1971 in Kangneung area, and Don-gmyong Seoweon (東溟書院) in 1982 in Yangyang. 6. Among Seoweons (書院) in Kangweon-do, there arc 4 ones that do the ritual services. O'Bong Seoweon and Songdam Seoweon in Kangneung, Dongmyong Seoweon in Yangyang, and Kyeong haeng Seoweon in Samcheok area. O'Bong Seoweon does the ritual service on the day of the first Jeong (上丁日) in September of the lunar calendar (陰歷 9月), and the other Seoweon do it on the day of the second Jeong (中丁日) in February of the lunar calendar (陰歷 2月). The traditional ritual services are done according to the following procedures ; Jeonpae-rae (奠幣禮), Choheon-rae (初獻禮), A'heon-rae (亞獻禮), Jongheon-rae (綜獻禮), Umbok-rae (飮獻禮), and Mangyae-rae(望痙禮) . 7. The properties of Seoweon in Kangweon-do are mainly books and real estates (e, g. rice paddy fields, patches, and forests, etc.), These properties were transferred to Hyany-Gyo (鄕校) since Seoweon had been abolished. 44 kinds of books (467.volumes) transferred from O'Bong Seoweon and 34 kinds of books (148 volumes) from Songdam Seoweon have now been managed in Kangneung Hyang-Gyo (江陵鄕校) .

機械化 集材作業에 따른 適定 林道密度 算出에 關한 考察

梁松鉉 동국대학교 생명자원과학대학 연습림 1993 연습림논문집 Vol.- No.3

The objective of this study is to investigate the optimum forest road density under the actual circumstance of forestry in Korea. In order to analyze the optimum forest road density, this study made use of the method “minimizing the total cost”. In this analysis, only monetary aspect were taken into account. They are: cost for forest road construction and maintenance, and cost for skidding. The applied skidding methods were mobile cable crane(K­300), forestry tractor(MB­Trac) and plastic shute(Leykam Logline). The result of analysis, namely the optimum forest road density is 11.12m/ha. Besides the result of this calculation, it was recommended to reckon in the walking cost of forest work and management, and the reduction of forest area caused by laying out of forest roads.

書院의 祠廟成立過程에 關한 考察

宋楊燮 春川敎育大學 1989 論文集 Vol.29 No.-