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Self-Assembly of Negatively Charged Poly(vinyl alcohol) Derivatives
Paramee Jitjumnong,Supason P. Wanichwecharungruang,Sunatda Arayachukeat 한국고분자학회 2010 Macromolecular Research Vol.18 No.8
This paper reports the relationship between the degree of negatively charged groups on the poly(4-vinyloxybutane sulfonate-co-vinyl alcohol) or PVA-BS and poly(4-vinyloxybutane sulfonate-co-vinyloxydodecane-covinyl alcohol) or PVA-12C-BS polymers and their self-assembled particles’ morphologies. With grafted hydrophobic moieties (PVA-12C-BS polymers), the size of the self-assembled particles decreased with increasing levels of butane sulfonate substitution. However, with no hydrophobic moiety grafted (PVA-BS), the size of the self-assembled particles increased with increasing levels of butane sulfonate substitution. The response of the PVA-BS and PVA-12C-BS polymeric particles to the loading of a model hydrophobic compound, 2-ethylhexyl-4-methoxycinnamate (EHMC), was markedly different. With the drug as a hydrophobic core, EHMC-loaded PVA-BS particles were smaller in size and more stable than the unloaded particles. In contrast, the EHMC-loaded PVA-12C-BS particles were larger than the corresponding unloaded particles.
( Pritsana Sawutdeechaikul ),( Felipe Cia ),( Gregory J. Bancroft ),( Supason Wanichwecharungruang ),( Chutamath Sittplangkoo ),( Tanapat Palaga ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2019 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.29 No.3
Subunit vaccines are safer and more stable than live vaccines although they have the disadvantage of eliciting poor immune response. To develop a subunit vaccine, an effective delivery system targeting the key elements of the protective immune response is a prerequisite. In this study, oxidized carbon nanospheres (OCNs) were used as a subunit vaccine delivery system and tuberculosis (TB) was chosen as a model disease. TB is among the deadliest infectious diseases worldwide and an effective vaccine is urgently needed. The ability of OCNs to deliver recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) proteins, Ag85B and HspX, into bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) and dendritic cells (BMDCs) was investigated. For immunization, OCNs were mixed with the two TB antigens as well as the adjuvant monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL). The protective efficacy was analyzed in vaccinated mice by aerosol Mtb challenge with a virulent strain of Mtb and the bacterial burdens were measured. The results showed that OCNs are highly effective in delivering Mtb proteins into the cytosol of BMDMs and BMDCs. Upon immunization, this vaccine formula induced robust Th1 immune response characterized by cytokine profiles from restimulated splenocytes and specific antibody titer. More importantly, enhanced cytotoxic CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell activation was observed. However, it did not reduce the bacteria burden in the lung and spleen from the aerosol Mtb challenge. Taken together, OCNs are highly effective in delivering subunit protein vaccine and induce robust Th1 and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell response. This vaccine delivery system is suitable for application in settings where cell-mediated immune response is needed.