대통령의 관료 통제와 정책공간

한승주 ( Han¸ Seungjoo ),최흥석 ( Choi¸ Heungsuk ),이철주 ( Lee¸ Cheouljoo ) 한국행정학회 2021 韓國行政學報 Vol.55 No.3

대통령의 입장에서 행정관료 조직은 자신의 정책을 집행하고, 정책목표를 구현하기 위한 수단적 존재이다. 많은 전문성으로 무장한 관료조직이 지나친 자율성으로 대통령 리더십을 빛바래게 하지 못하도록 정치적으로 통제할 대상이기도 하다. 본 연구의 목적은 대통령의 관료 통제가 그의 정책공간에 결과적으로 무슨 영향을 주는지를 분석하는 것이다. 여기서 정책공간이란 대통령이 현실적으로 추구할 수 있는 정책 실현의 범위를 의미한다. 대통령은 관료에 대한 통제를 통해 관료조직의 자율성을 어느 정도 제한하고 자신의 정책공간을 확장시키려할 것이다. 그런데 대통령의 관료 통제가 늘 정책공간의 확대로 이어질 것인가? 이와 관련하여 본 연구는 대통령의 통제가 의도와는 다른 방향으로 관료조직의 행태를 변화시켜 대통령의 정책공간을 오히려 수축시키는 결과를 낳을 가능성을 탐색한다. 중상위직 공무원의 인식을 통해서 실증 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 관료에 대한 대통령의 통제는 관료조직의 자의적, 폐쇄적 행태를 억제하고 대통령의 정책에 대한 대응성을 높여 대통령의 정책공간을 확장시킨다. 둘째, 그러나 동시에 대통령의 정치적 통제는 소극적 묵종, 책임회피 등 관료의 소위 도구적 행태를 강화시켜 대통령의 정책공간을 축소시킬 수 있다. 그리고 셋째, 대통령의 정치적 통제와 정책공간 사이의 긍정적 상관관계에서 관료의 도구적 행태가 부정적 매개 작용을 하고 있음을 발견하였다. Government bureaucracy is a vehicle with which the president implements policies and tries to achieve his or her political goals. It is a subject of the president’s political control, as its expertise-based political powers could possibly overshadow the presidential executive leadership. This study analyzes the effects of the president’s control of government bureaucracy in his or her policy space. The policy space of the president stands for the scope of public policies that he or she could pursue while taking into account their implementational feasibility. The president would try to control bureaucracy so as to delimit its autonomy and concurrently expand his or her policy space. However, would the presidential control of bureaucracy be necessarily conducive to the expansion of the policy space? This study also focuses on the possibility of contraction of the policy space, as the attempt to control could result in unexpected behavioral responses on the part of bureaucracy. The empirical analysis using a survey of mid- and high-ranking public officials reveals, first, that the presidential control of bureaucracy is positively associated with the expansion of the policy space, as it suppresses bureaucracy’s arbitrary and bigoted behaviors. Second, at the same time, however, presidential control would result in contraction of the policy space, as it reinforces the instrumentality behavior of bureaucracy in the forms of passive and lukewarm compliance, as well as avoidance of responsibility. And third, the instrumentality behavior of bureaucracy negatively mediates the association between presidential control of bureaucracy and presidential policy space.

Amelioration of sepsis by TIE2 activation–induced vascular protection

Han, Sangyeul,Lee, Seung-Jun,Kim, Kyung Eun,Lee, Hyo Seon,Oh, Nuri,Park, Inwon,Ko, Eun,Oh, Seung Ja,Lee, Yoon-Sook,Kim, David,Lee, Seungjoo,Lee, Dae Hyun,Lee, Kwang-Hoon,Chae, Su Young,Lee, Jung-Hoon American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2016 Science translational medicine Vol.8 No.335

<P>Protection of endothelial integrity has been recognized as a frontline approach to alleviating sepsis progression, yet no effective agent for preserving endothelial integrity is available. Using an unusual anti-angiopoietin 2 (ANG2) antibody, ABTAA (ANG2-binding and TIE2-activating antibody), we show that activation of the endothelial receptor TIE2 protects the vasculature from septic damage and provides survival benefit in three sepsis mouse models. Upon binding to ANG2, ABTAA triggers clustering of ANG2, assembling an ABTAA/ANG2 complex that can subsequently bind and activate TIE2. Compared with a conventional ANG2-blocking antibody, ABTAA was highly effective in augmenting survival from sepsis by strengthening the endothelial glycocalyx, reducing cytokine storms, vascular leakage, and rarefaction, and mitigating organ damage. Together, our data advance the role of TIE2 activation in ameliorating sepsis progression and open a potential therapeutic avenue for sepsis to address the lack of sepsisspecific treatment.</P>

Heme-binding-mediated negative regulation of the tryptophan metabolic enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) by IDO2

Lee, Young-Kwan,Lee, Hoon Bok,Shin, Dong-Mi,Kang, Min Jueng,Yi, Eugene C,Noh, Seungjoo,Lee, Jaewoo,Lee, Chulbom,Min, Chang-Ki,Choi, Eun Young Nature Publishing Group 2014 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.46 No.11

<P>Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenases (IDOs) are tryptophan-catabolizing enzymes with immunomodulatory functions. However, the biological role of IDO2 and its relationship with IDO1 are unknown. To assess the relationship between IDO2 and IDO1, we investigated the effects of co-expression of human (h) IDO2 on hIDO1 activity. Cells co-expressing hIDO1 and hIDO2 showed reduced tryptophan metabolic activity compared with those expressing hIDO1 only. In a proteomic analysis, hIDO1-expressing cells exhibited enhanced expression of proteins related to the cell cycle and amino acid metabolism, and decreased expression of proteins related to cell survival. However, cells co-expressing hIDO1 and hIDO2 showed enhanced expression of negative regulators of cell apoptosis compared with those expressing hIDO1 only. Co-expression of hIDO1 and hIDO2 rescued the cell death induced by tryptophan-depletion through hIDO1 activity. Cells expressing only hIDO2 exhibited no marked differences in proteome profiles or cell growth compared with mock-transfectants. Cellular tryptophan metabolic activity and cell death were restored by co-expressing the hIDO2 mutant substituting the histidine 360 residue for alanine. These results demonstrate that hIDO2 plays a novel role as a negative regulator of hIDO1 by competing for heme-binding with hIDO1, and provide information useful for development of therapeutic strategies to control cancer and immunological disorders that target IDO molecules.</P>

Highly robust, uniform and ultra-sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrates for microRNA detection fabricated by using silver nanostructures grown in gold nanobowls

Lee, Taeksu,Wi, Jung-Sub,Oh, Aram,Na, Hee-Kyung,Lee, JaeJong,Lee, Kwangyeol,Lee, Tae Geol,Haam, Seungjoo The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Nanoscale Vol.10 No.8

<P>Highly sensitive and reproducible surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) requires not only a nanometer-level structural control, but also superb uniformity across the SERS substrate for practical imaging and sensing applications. However, in the past, increased reproducibility of the SERS signal was incompatible with increased SERS sensitivity. This work presents multiple silver nanocrystals inside periodically arrayed gold nanobowls (SGBs) <I>via</I> an electrochemical reaction at an overpotential of −3.0 V (<I>vs.</I> Ag/AgCl). The gaps between the silver nanocrystals serve as hot spots for SERS enhancement, and the evenly distributed gold nanobowls lead to a high device-to-device signal uniformity. The SGBs on the large sample surface exhibit an excellent SERS enhancement factor of up to 4.80 × 10<SUP>9</SUP>, with excellent signal uniformity (RSD < 8.0 ± 2.5%). Furthermore, the SGBs can detect specific microRNA (miR-34a), which plays a widely acknowledged role as biomarkers in diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Although the small size and low abundance of miR-34a in total RNA samples hinder their detection, by utilizing the advantages of SGBs in SERS sensing, reliable and direct detection of human gastric cancer cells has been successfully accomplished.</P>

Oroxylin A, a Flavonoid, Stimulates Adult Neurogenesis in the Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus Region of Mice

Lee, Seungjoo,Kim, Dong Hyun,Lee, Dong Hwa,Jeon, Su Jin,Lee, Chang Hwan,Son, Kun Ho,Jung, Ji Wook,Shin, Chan Young,Ryu, Jong Hoon Springer-Verlag 2010 Neurochem Res Vol.35 No.11

드론 영상 및 NFLOW를 활용한 토석류 수치해석 연구

이승주(Seungjoo Lee),임현택(Hyuntaek Lim),이무재(Moojae Lim),이응범(Eungbeom Lee),이강일(Kang-Il Lee),김용성(Yongseong Kim) 한국지반신소재학회 2020 한국지반신소재학회 논문집 Vol.19 No.3

본 연구에서는 토석류 매커니즘 분석을 위해 SPH(Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics) 기법을 사용하여 토석류 수치해석을 수행하고 선행연구와 비교하여 토질정수의 적용성을 검증하였다. 또한, 자굴산 유역 계곡부를 대상으로 드론을 이용하여 항공 사진측량을 수행한 후 이를 기반으로 지형모델을 생성하고 NFLOW를 활용하여 토석류 수치해석을 수행한 후 결과값을 위성 영상 기반의 기존의 방법과 비교・분석하였다. 본 연구 결과, 드론 영상 및 NFLOW를 활용한 수치해석 기법은 위성 영상 기반의 기존 방법보다 실제 지형을 잘 반영할 수 있어 토석류 영향 예측에 적용성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 드론 영상 및 NFLOW를 활용한 토석류 분석 기법은 사방댐 위치선정 등 토석류 예방 대책 수립 시 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. In this study, numerical analysis of debris flow was performed using the SPH (Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics) technique to analyze the mechanism of debris flow, and the applicability of soil parameters was verified by comparison with previous studies. In addition, after performing aerial photographic survey using a drone, a topographic model was created based on this survey to check the applicability of the site to the valley part of Jagul Mountain basin. And after numerical analysis of debris flow was performed using NFLOW, and the result was compared and analyzed with the existing satellite image based method. As a result of this study, the numerical analysis method using drone image and NFLOW was found to have a higher applicability to predicting the impact of debris flow, because it can reflect the actual topography better than the existing method based on satellite imagery. Therefore, it is considered that this study can be used as basic data to establish the preventive measures for debris flow such as location selection of the eruption control dam.

Design and Implementation of Uncompressed HD Video Transport System over IP Network

SeungJoo Lee,JongWon Kim,Jinyong Jo,Junguk Kong,Okwhan Byeon 한국통신학회 2005 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2005 No.11

Real‐Time Quantitative Monitoring of Specific Peptide Cleavage by a Proteinase for Cancer Diagnosis

Lee, Gyudo,Eom, Kilho,Park, Joseph,Yang, Jaemoon,Haam, Seungjoo,Huh, Yong‐,Min,Ryu, Joo Kyung,Kim, Nam Hee,Yook, Jong In,Lee, Sang Woo,Yoon, Dae Sung,Kwon, Taeyun WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2012 Angewandte Chemie Vol.124 No.24

<P><B>Gute Schwingungen</B>: Ein resonanter Massesensor, auf dessen Oberfläche Peptide immobilisiert sind, wird in einem Bioassay verwendet, mit dem die proteolytische Aktivität der Membran‐Typ‐1‐Matrix‐Metalloproteinase (MT1‐MMP) bestimmt werden kann. Dabei werden Änderungen in der Frequenz des Massesensors gemessen, die nach der spezifischen proteolytischen Spaltung der immobilisierten Zielpeptide durch MT1‐MMP auftreten (siehe Bild).</P>

Deficiency of Endothelium-Specific Transcription Factor <i>Sox17</i> Induces Intracranial Aneurysm

Lee, Seungjoo,Kim, Il-Kug,Ahn, Jae Sung,Woo, Dong-Cheol,Kim, Sang-Tae,Song, Sukhyun,Koh, Gou Young,Kim, Hyung-Seok,Jeon, Byeong Hwa,Kim, Injune American Heart Association 2015 Circulation Vol.131 No.11

<P><B>Background—</B></P><P>Intracranial aneurysm (IA) is a common vascular disorder that frequently leads to fatal vascular rupture. Although various acquired risk factors associated with IA have been identified, the hereditary basis of IA remains poorly understood. As a result, genetically modified animals accurately modeling IA and related pathogenesis have been lacking, and subsequent drug development has been delayed.</P><P><B>Methods and Results—</B></P><P>The transcription factor Sox17 is robustly expressed in endothelial cells of normal intracerebral arteries. The combination of <I>Sox17</I> deficiency and angiotensin II infusion in mice induces vascular abnormalities closely resembling the cardinal features of IA such as luminal dilation, wall thinning, tortuosity, and subarachnoid hemorrhages. This combination impairs junctional assembly, cell-matrix adhesion, regeneration capacity, and paracrine secretion in endothelial cells of intracerebral arteries, highlighting key endothelial dysfunctions that lead to IA pathogenesis. Moreover, human IA samples showed reduced Sox17 expression and impaired endothelial integrity, further strengthening the applicability of this animal model to clinical settings.</P><P><B>Conclusions—</B></P><P>Our findings demonstrate that <I>Sox17</I> deficiency in mouse can induce IA under hypertensive conditions, suggesting <I>Sox17</I> deficiency as a potential genetic factor for IA formation. The <I>Sox17</I>-deficient mouse model provides a novel platform to develop therapeutics for incurable IA.</P>

Binderless coke and high-density carbon block production by air blowing method from coal tar pitch

Seungjoo Park,Seon Ho Lee,Song Mi Lee,Jin-Woo Park,Doo-Hwan Jung 한국에너지학회 2021 한국에너지공학회 학술발표회 Vol.2021 No.11