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      • KCI등재후보

        Intermedia Synchronization Protocol for Continuous Media Using MPEG-4 in Mobile Distributed Systems

        ( Eduardo Lopez Dominguez ),( Saul E. Pomares Hernandez ),( Pilar Gomez Gil ),( Jorge De La Calleja ),( Antonio Benitez ),( Antonio Marin-hernandez ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2012 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.6 No.6

        The preservation of temporal dependencies among a group of processes that exchange continuous media at runtime is a key issue for emerging mobile distributed systems (MDS), such as monitoring of biosignals and interactive multiuser games. Although several works are oriented to satisfy temporal dependencies, most of them are not suitable for MDSs. In general, an MDS is characterized by the absence of global references (e.g. shared memory and wall clock), host mobility, limited processing and storage capabilities in mobile hosts, and limited bandwidth on wireless communication channels. This paper proposes an asymmetric synchronization protocol to be used at runtime in an MDS without using a common reference. One main aspect of our synchronization protocol is that it translates temporal constraints to causal dependencies of the continuous media data as seen by the mobile hosts. We simulate the protocol by considering a cellular network environment and by using MPEG-4 encoders. The simulation results show that our protocol is effective in reducing the synchronization error. In addition, the protocol is efficient in terms of processing and storage costs at the mobile devices, as well as in the overhead attached per message across the wired and wireless channels.

      • KCI등재후보

        Data Alignment for Data Fusion in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks Based on M2M

        ( Jose Roberto Perez Cruz ),( Saul E. Pomares Hernandez ),( Enrique Munoz De Cote ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2012 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.6 No.1

        Advances in MEMS and CMOS technologies have motivated the development of low cost/power sensors and wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSN). The WMSNs were created to ubiquitously harvest multimedia content. Such networks have allowed researchers and engineers to glimpse at new Machine-to-Machine (M2M) Systems, such as remote monitoring of biosignals for telemedicine networks. These systems require the acquisition of a large number of data streams that are simultaneously generated by multiple distributed devices. This paradigm of data generation and transmission is known as event-streaming. In order to be useful to the application, the collected data requires a preprocessing called data fusion, which entails the temporal alignment task of multimedia data. A practical way to perform this task is in a centralized manner, assuming that the network nodes only function as collector entities. However, by following this scheme, a considerable amount of redundant information is transmitted to the central entity. To decrease such redundancy, data fusion must be performed in a collaborative way. In this paper, we propose a collaborative data alignment approach for event-streaming. Our approach identifies temporal relationships by translating temporal dependencies based on a timeline to causal dependencies of the media involved.

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