Prediction of Hybrid Performance Based on the Genetic Distance of Parental Lines in Two-Line Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Hybrids

Singh, Vikas Kumar,Upadhyay, Priti,Sinha, Pallavi,Mall, Ashish Kumar,Ellur, Ranjith K.,Singh, Atul,Jaiswal, Sanjay K.,Biradar, Sunil,Ramakrishna, S.,Sundaram, R.M.,Ahmed, Ilyas,Viraktamath, B.C.,Kole, 한국작물학회 2011 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.14 No.1

A total of six TGMS (thermosensitive genic male sterile lines) and nine pollinator lines were subjected to molecular characterization using 48 genome-wide SSR (simple sequence repeat) markers. Cluster analysis revealed clear differentiation among the TGMS lines according to their source of origin. The SSR-based genetic distance between the hybrids of the parental lines ranged from 0.36 to 0.79 suggesting a high degree of genetic divergence. Among a set of 54 hybrids generated using parental lines, 32 showed better parent heterosis (+21.7%) while 19 showed mid-parent heterosis (+15.0%). For the trait yield per plant genetic distance (GD) was negatively correlated with $F_1$ performance (r = -0.202), mid-parent heterosis (r = $-0.325^*$; P < 0.05), and better parent heterosis (r = -0.261), while it was positively correlated with specific combining ability (r = 0.042). Based on the grouped genetic distance (GGD), the hybrid combinations were divided into four groups. The GGD showed linear correlation with hybrid performance within the group (GGD = 40 - 50: r = -0.07; GGD = 70 - 80: r = 0.32). This information can be utilized in the development of higher yielding, two-line rice hybrids through selection of intermediately diverse parental lines using GGD.

Biological methanol production by immobilized <i>Methylocella tundrae</i> using simulated biohythane as a feed

Patel, Sanjay K.S.,Singh, Raushan K,Kumar, Ashok,Jeong, Jae-Hoon,Jeong, Seong Hun,Kalia, Vipin C.,Kim, In-Won,Lee, Jung-Kul Elsevier 2017 Bioresource technology Vol.241 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Biohythane may be used as an alternative feed for methanol production instead of costly pure methane. In this study, methanol production potential of <I>Methylocella tundrae</I> immobilized through covalent immobilization, adsorption, and encapsulation was evaluated. Cells covalently immobilized on groundnut shells and chitosan showed a relative methanol production potential of 83.9 and 91.6%, respectively, compared to that of free cells. The maximum methanol production by free cells and cells covalently immobilized on groundnut shells and chitosan was 6.73, 6.20, and 7.23mM, respectively, using simulated biohythane as a feed. Under repeated batch conditions of eight cycles, cells covalently immobilized on chitosan and groundnut shells, and cells encapsulated in sodium-alginate resulted in significantly higher cumulative methanol production of 37.76, 31.80, and 25.58mM, respectively, than free cells (18.57mM). This is the first report on immobilization of methanotrophs on groundnut shells and its application in methanol production using biohythane as a feed.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Biohythane is used as a feed to produce methanol by <I>Methylocella tundrae</I>. </LI> <LI> Compared to pure CH<SUB>4</SUB> as a feed, biohythane results in 1.9-fold higher methanol production. </LI> <LI> Covalently immobilized cells result in higher methanol production than free cells. </LI> <LI> Repeated use of the immobilized cells founds effective to improve methanol production. </LI> </UL> </P>

Prediction of Hybrid Performance Based on the Genetic Distance of Parental Lines in Two-Line Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Hybrids

Vikas Kumar Singh,Priti Upadhyay,Pallavi Sinha,Ashish Kumar Mall,Ranjith K. Ellur,Atul Singh,Sanjay K.Jaiswal,Sunil Biradar,S. Ramakrishna,R.M. Sundaram,Ilyas Ahmed,B. C. Viraktamath,C. Kole,Sukhpal S 한국작물학회 2011 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.14 No.1

A total of six TGMS (thermosensitive genic male sterile lines) and nine pollinator lines were subjected to molecular characterization using 48 genome-wide SSR (simple sequence repeat) markers. Cluster analysis revealed clear differentiation among the TGMS lines according to their source of origin. The SSR-based genetic distance between the hybrids of the parental lines ranged from 0.36to 0.79 suggesting a high degree of genetic divergence. Among a set of 54 hybrids generated using parental lines, 32 showed better parent heterosis (+21.7%) while 19 showed mid-parent heterosis (+15.0%). For the trait yield per plant genetic distance (GD) was negatively correlated with F1 performance (r = -0.202), mid-parent heterosis (r = -0.325*; P < 0.05), and better parent heterosis (r = -0.261), while it was positively correlated with specific combining ability (r = 0.042). Based on the grouped genetic distance (GGD),the hybrid combinations were divided into four groups. The GGD showed linear correlation with hybrid performance within the group (GGD = 40 - 50: r = -0.07; GGD = 70 - 80: r = 0.32). This information can be utilized in the development of higher yielding,two-line rice hybrids through selection of intermediately diverse parental lines using GGD.

A Universal Craniometric Index for Establishing the Diagnosis of Basilar Invagination

Jayesh Sardhara,Sanjay Behari,Suyash Singh,Arun K. Srivastava,Gaurav Chauhan,Hira Lal,Kuntal K. Das,Kamlesh Singh Bhaisora,Anant Mehrotra,Prabhakar Mishra,Awadhesh K. Jaiswal 대한척추신경외과학회 2021 Neurospine Vol.18 No.1

Objective: The conventional criteria for defining the basilar invagination (BI) focus on the relationship of odontoid tip to basion and opisthion, landmarks that are intrinsically variable especially in presence of occipitalised atlas. A universal single reference line is proposed that helps in unequivocally establishing the diagnosis of BI, may be relevant in establishing both Goel types A and B BI, as well as in differentiating a ‘very high’ from ‘regular’ BI. Methods: Study design – case-control study. In 268 patients (group I with BI [n=89] including Goel type A BI [n=66], Goel type B BI [n=23], and group II controls [n=179]), the perpendicular distance between odontoid tip and line subtended between posterior tip of hard palate-internal occipital protuberance (P-IOP line) was measured. Logistic regression analysis determined factors influencing the proposed parameter (p<0.05). Results: In patients with a ‘very high’ BI (n=5), the odontoid tip intersected/or was above the P-IOP line. In patients with a ‘regular’ BI (n=84), the odontoid tip was 6.56±3.9mm below the P-IOP line; while in controls, this distance was 12.53±4.28 mm (p<0.01). In Goel type A BI, the distance was 7.01±3.78 mm and in type B BI, it was 5.07±4.19 mm (p=0.004). Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis identified 9.0 mm (8.92–9.15 mm) as the cut-point for diagnosing BI using the odontoid tip-P-IOP line distance as reference. Conclusion: The odontoid tip either intersecting the P-IOP line (very high BI) or being <9 mm below the P-IOP line (Goel types A and B BI) is recommended as highly applicable criteria to establish the diagnosis of BI. This parameter may be useful in establishing the diagnosis in all varieties of BI.

Robotic-assisted right hepatectomy via anterior approach for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Sanjay Goja,Manoj K Singh,Rohan Jagat Chaudhary,Arvinder S Soin 한국간담췌외과학회 2017 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.21 No.2

Major hepatic resection, especially right hepatectomy, has been successfully performed by specialized hepatobiliary centers using the robotic platform with low morbidity, conversion rates and outcomes comparable to laparoscopic and open surgery. The authors report a case of robotic-assisted right hepatectomy done for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma using anterior approach, after right portal vein embolisation for future liver remnant volume enhancement.

Hepatocellular carcinoma with atrial tumor thrombus presenting as myxoma: Resection under cardiopulmonary bypass

Manoj K. Singh,Rahul Roy,Varun Shetty,Sanjay Goja 한국간담췌외과학회 2020 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.24 No.4

Surgical resection for Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with atrial tumor thrombus is a rare life saving procedure. A case of left lateral segment liver tumor (HCC) with atrial tumor thrombus resected with use of cardio-pulmonary bypass is presented.

In-Plane Shielding for CT: Effect of Off-Centering, Automatic Exposure Control and Shield-to-Surface Distance

Mannudeep K. Kalra,Pragya Dang,Sarabjeet Singh,Sanjay Saini,Jo-Anne O. Shepard 대한영상의학회 2009 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.10 No.2

Objective: To assess effects of off-centering, automatic exposure control, and padding on attenuation values, noise, and radiation dose when using in-plane bismuth-based shields for CT scanning. Materials and Methods: A 30 cm anthropomorphic chest phantom was scanned on a 64-multidetector CT, with the center of the phantom aligned to the gantry isocenter. Scanning was repeated after placing a bismuth breast shield on the anterior surface with no gap and with 1, 2, and 6 cm of padding between the shield and the phantom surface. The “shielded” phantom was also scanned with combined modulation and off-centering of the phantom at 2 cm, 4 cm and 6 cm below the gantry isocenter. CT numbers, noise, and surface radiation dose were measured. The data were analyzed using an analysis of variance. Results: The in-plane shield was not associated with any significant increment for the surface dose or CT dose index volume, which was achieved by comparing the radiation dose measured by combined modulation technique to the fixed mAs (p > 0.05). Irrespective of the gap or the surface CT numbers, surface noise increased to a larger extent compared to Hounsfield unit (HU) (0-6 cm, 26-55%) and noise (0-6 cm, 30-40%) in the center. With off-centering, in-plane shielding devices are associated with less dose savings, although dose reduction was still higher than in the absence of shielding (0 cm off-center, 90% dose reduction; 2 cm, 61%) (p < 0.0001). Streak artifacts were noted at 0 cm and 1 cm gaps but not at 2 cm and 6 cm gaps of shielding to the surface distances. Conclusion: In-plane shields are associated with greater image noise, artifactually increased attenuation values, and streak artifacts. However, shields reduce radiation dose regardless of the extent of off-centering. Automatic exposure control did not increase radiation dose when using a shield. Objective: To assess effects of off-centering, automatic exposure control, and padding on attenuation values, noise, and radiation dose when using in-plane bismuth-based shields for CT scanning. Materials and Methods: A 30 cm anthropomorphic chest phantom was scanned on a 64-multidetector CT, with the center of the phantom aligned to the gantry isocenter. Scanning was repeated after placing a bismuth breast shield on the anterior surface with no gap and with 1, 2, and 6 cm of padding between the shield and the phantom surface. The “shielded” phantom was also scanned with combined modulation and off-centering of the phantom at 2 cm, 4 cm and 6 cm below the gantry isocenter. CT numbers, noise, and surface radiation dose were measured. The data were analyzed using an analysis of variance. Results: The in-plane shield was not associated with any significant increment for the surface dose or CT dose index volume, which was achieved by comparing the radiation dose measured by combined modulation technique to the fixed mAs (p > 0.05). Irrespective of the gap or the surface CT numbers, surface noise increased to a larger extent compared to Hounsfield unit (HU) (0-6 cm, 26-55%) and noise (0-6 cm, 30-40%) in the center. With off-centering, in-plane shielding devices are associated with less dose savings, although dose reduction was still higher than in the absence of shielding (0 cm off-center, 90% dose reduction; 2 cm, 61%) (p < 0.0001). Streak artifacts were noted at 0 cm and 1 cm gaps but not at 2 cm and 6 cm gaps of shielding to the surface distances. Conclusion: In-plane shields are associated with greater image noise, artifactually increased attenuation values, and streak artifacts. However, shields reduce radiation dose regardless of the extent of off-centering. Automatic exposure control did not increase radiation dose when using a shield.

Is Cervical Stabilization for All Cases of Chiari-I Malformation an Overkill? Evidence Speaks Louder Than Words!

Harsh Deora,Sanjay Behari,Jayesh Sardhara,Suyash Singh,Arun K. Srivastava 대한척추신경외과학회 2019 Neurospine Vol.16 No.2

Chiari I malformation is characterized by the downward displacement of cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum. While discussing the treatment options for Chiari I malformation, the points of focus include: (1) Has the well-established procedure of posterior fossa decompression become outdated and has been replaced by posterior C1–2 stabilization in every case? (2) In case posterior stabilization is required, should a C1–2 stabilization, rather than an occipitocervical fusion, be the only procedure recommended? The review of literature revealed that when there is bony instability like atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD), occipito-atlanto-axial facet joint asymmetry or basilar invagination (BI) associated with Chiari I malformation, one should address the anterior bony compression as well as perform stabilization. This takes care of the compromised canal at the foramen magnum and re-establishes the cerebrospinal fluid flow along the craniospinal axis; and also provides treatment for CVJ instability. In the cases with a pure Chiari I malformation without AAD or BI and with completely symmetrical C1–2 joints, however, posterior fossa decompression with or without duroplasty is sufficient to bring about neurological improvement. The latter subset of cases with pure Chiari I malformation have, thus, shown significant (>70%) rates of neurological improvement with posterior fossa decompression alone. A C1–2 posterior stabilization is a more stable construct due to the strong bony purchase provided by the C1–2 lateral masses and the short lever arm of the construct. However, in the cases with significant bleeding from paravertebral venous plexus; a very high BI, condylar hypoplasia and occipitalized atlas; gross C1–2 rotation or vertical C1–2 joints with unilateral C1 or C2 facet hypoplasia, as well as the presence of subaxial scoliosis; maldevelopment of the lateral masses and facet joints (as in very young patients); or, the artery lying just posterior to the C1–2 facet joint capsule (being endangered by the C1–2 stabilization procedure), it may be safer to perform an occipitocervical rather than a C1–2 fusion.

Ecobiotechnological Approach for Exploiting the Abilities of Bacillus to Produce Co-polymer of Polyhydroxyalkanoate.

Kumar, Prasun,Singh, Mamtesh,Mehariya, Sanjeet,Patel, Sanjay K S,Lee, Jung-Kul,Kalia, Vipin C Association of Microbiologists of India 2014 Indian journal of microbiology Vol.54 No.2

<P>Ecobiotechnological approach is an attractive and economical strategy to enrich beneficial microbes on waste biomass for production of Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA). Here, six strains of Bacillus spp. were used to produce co-polymers of PHA from pea-shells. Of the 57 mixed bacterial cultures (BCs) screened, two of the BCs, designated as 5BC1 and 5BC2, each containing 5 strains could produce PHA co-polymer at the rate of 505-560?mg/l from feed consisting of pea-shell slurry (PSS, 2?% total solids) and 1?% glucose (w/v). Co-polymer production was enhanced from 65-560?mg/l on untreated PSS to 1,610-1,645?mg/l from PSS treated with defined hydrolytic bacteria and 1?% glucose. Supplementation of the PSS hydrolysate with sodium propionate enabled 5BC1 to produce co-polymer P(3HB-co-3HV) with a 3HV content up to 13?% and a concomitant 1.46-fold enhancement in PHA yield. Using the principles of ecobiotechnology, this is the first demonstration of PHA co-polymer production by defined co-cultures of Bacillus from biowaste as feed under non-axenic conditions.</P>

The prevalence of sarcopenic obesity in community-dwelling healthy Indian adults - The Sarcopenic Obesity-Chandigarh Urban Bone Epidemiological Study (SO-CUBES)

Rimesh Pal,Sanjay K. Bhadada,Anshita Aggarwal,Tulika Singh 대한골다공증학회 2021 Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia Vol.7 No.1

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of sarcopenia obesity (SO) in healthy Indian adults and delineate the relative impact of the 3 indices of obesity [body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), fat mass percent (FM%)] with regards to inter-definitional agreement and their relationship with usual gait speed (GS). Methods: Apparently healthy adults (aged 20 years) with no background history of comorbidities were enrolled from the community by door-to-door survey. Following blood investigations, individuals with biochemical abnormalities were excluded. Enrolled participants underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Sarcopenia was defined according to EWGSOP2 consensus based on indigenous cut-offs obtained from the Sarcopenia-Chandigarh Urban Bone Epidemiological Study (Sarco-CUBES). Obesity was defined based on BMI ( 25.0 kg/m2 ) or WC (> 90 cm in men, > 80 cm in women) or DXA-derived FM% (> 32% in men, > 40% in women). Results: Data of 804 participants were analyzed after exclusion. The mean ± SD for BMI, WC, and FM% were 26.5 ± 2.7 kg/m2 , 86.8 ± 9.6, and 34.7 ± 7.3%, respectively. Prevalence of sarcopenia was 3.2%. Based on BMI, WC, and FM%, the prevalence of SO in elderly subjects (65 years) was 5.4%, 5.4%, and 6.3%, respectively. Using Cohen’s kappa, inter-definitional agreement between the 3 groups was ‘almost perfect’. FM%, and not BMI/WC, emerged as a significant predictor of GS on multiple linear regression analysis. Conclusions: The prevalence of SO in healthy elderly Indian adults is 5.4%e6.3%. Either BMI/WC/FM% can be used to correctly identify individuals with SO.