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Central Bank Policy and the Concentration of Risk: Empirical Estimates
( Nuno Coimbra ),( Daisoon Kim ),( Hélène Rey ) 한국금융연구원 2021 금융연구 working paper Vol.2021 No.10
Before the 2008 crisis, the cross-sectional skewness of banks' leverage went up and macro risk concentrated in the balance sheets of large banks. Using a model of profit-maximizing banks with heterogeneous Value-at-Risk constraints, we extract the distribution of banks' risk-taking parameters from balance sheet data. The time series of these estimates allow us to understand systemic risk and its concentration in the banking sector over time. Counterfactual exercises show that (1) monetary policymakers confront the trade-o between stimulating the economy and financial stability, and (2) macroprudential policies can be effective tools to increase financial stability.
André Goulart,Carla Ferreira,Ana Rodrigues,Barbara Coimbra,Nuno Sousa,Pedro Leão 대한외과학회 2019 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.97 No.1
Purpose: Despite plasma biomarkers offering a number of advantages over tissue-based markers, the relationship between serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor (VEGF-R) tumor expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) is still unclear. This study was designed to establish the relationship between the concentration of serum VEGF and tumor VEGF-R expression in patients with CRC. Methods: A prospective study of consecutive patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery during 1 year. Preoperative VEGF was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and VEGF-R3 by immunochemistry. Results: The initial sample included 134 patients with CRC diagnosis. Results showed significant association of serum values of VEGF with VEGF-R3 expression (P < 0.001), even in the presence of confounders (sex, age, body mass index, tumor location, and surgical approach). The estimated effect size was high (η2 = 0.35). Conclusion: Serum VEGF has a significant correlation with tumoral VEGF-R3 expression in CRC