http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Advancing Risk Assessment through the Application of Systems Toxicology
John Michael Sauer,Andre Kleensang,Manuel C. Peitsch,A. Wallace Hayes 한국독성학회 2016 Toxicological Research Vol.32 No.1
Risk assessment is the process of quantifying the probability of a harmful effect to individuals or populations from human activities. Mechanistic approaches to risk assessment have been generally referred to as systems toxicology. Systems toxicology makes use of advanced analytical and computational tools to integrate classical toxicology and quantitative analysis of large networks of molecular and functional changes occurring across multiple levels of biological organization. Three presentations including two case studies involving both in vitro and in vivo approaches described the current state of systems toxicology and the potential for its future application in chemical risk assessment.
표준강수증발산지수를 활용한 미래 가뭄특성의 시계열 변화전망
남원호,Michael J. Hayes,Donald A. Wilhite,Mark D. Svoboda 한국농공학회 2015 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.57 No.1
Recent droughts in South Korea have had large economic and environmental impacts across the country. Changes in rainfall and hydrologic patterns dueto climate change can potentially increase the occurrence of extreme droughts and affect the future availability of water resources. Therefore, it isnecessary to evaluate drought vulnerability for water resources planning and management, and identify the appropriate mitigation actions to conduct adrought risk analysis in the context of climate change. The objective of this study is changes in the temporal trends of drought characteristics in SouthKorea to examine drought impacts under climate change. First, the changes of drought occurrence were analyzed by applying the StandardizedPrecipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) for meteorological data on 54 meteorological stations, and were analyzed for the past 30 years(1981-2010), and Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) climate change scenarios (2011-2100). Second, the changes on the temporal trends ofdrought characteristics were performed using run theory, which was used to compare drought duration, severity, and magnitude to allow for quantitativeevaluations under past and future climate conditions. These results show the high influence of climate change on drought phenomenon, and will contributeto water resources management and drought countermeasures to climate change.
Advancing Risk Assessment through the Application of Systems Toxicology
Sauer, John Michael,Kleensang, Andre,Peitsch, Manuel C.,Hayes, A. Wallace Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2016 Toxicological Research Vol.32 No.1
Risk assessment is the process of quantifying the probability of a harmful effect to individuals or populations from human activities. Mechanistic approaches to risk assessment have been generally referred to as systems toxicology. Systems toxicology makes use of advanced analytical and computational tools to integrate classical toxicology and quantitative analysis of large networks of molecular and functional changes occurring across multiple levels of biological organization. Three presentations including two case studies involving both in vitro and in vivo approaches described the current state of systems toxicology and the potential for its future application in chemical risk assessment.
Yoon, Younggun,Chung, Hay Jung,Wen Di, Doris Yoong,Dodd, Michael C.,Hur, Hor-Gil,Lee, Yunho Pergamon Press 2017 Water research Vol.123 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study assessed the inactivation efficiency of plasmid-encoded antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) both in extracellular form (e-ARG) and present within <I>Escherichia coli</I> (intracellular form, i-ARG) during water treatment with chlorine, UV (254 nm), and UV/H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>. A quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) method was used to quantify the ARG damage to <I>amp</I> <SUP> <I>R</I> </SUP> (850 bp) and <I>kan</I> <SUP> <I>R</I> </SUP> (806 bp) amplicons, both of which are located in the pUC4K plasmid. The plate count and flow cytometry methods were also used to determine the bacterial inactivation parameters, such as culturability and membrane damage, respectively. In the first part of the study, the kinetics of <I>E. coli</I> inactivation and ARG damage were determined in phosphate buffered solutions. The ARG damage occurred much more slowly than <I>E. coli</I> inactivation in all cases. To achieve 4-log reduction of ARG concentration at pH 7, the required chlorine exposure and UV fluence were 33–72 (mg × min)/L for chlorine and 50–130 mJ/cm<SUP>2</SUP> for UV and UV/H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>. After increasing pH from 7 to 8, the rates of ARG damage decreased for chlorine, while they did not vary for UV and UV/H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>. The i-ARGs mostly showed lower rates of damage compared to the e-ARGs due to the protective roles of cellular components against oxidants and UV. The contribution of OH radicals to i-ARG damage was negligible in UV/H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> due to significant OH radical scavenging by cellular components. In all cases, the ARG damage rates were similar for <I>amp</I> <SUP> <I>R</I> </SUP> versus <I>kan</I> <SUP> <I>R</I> </SUP>, except for the chlorination of e-ARGs, in which the damage to <I>amp</I> <SUP> <I>R</I> </SUP> occurred faster than that to <I>kan</I> <SUP> <I>R</I> </SUP>. Chlorine and UV dose-dependent ARG inactivation levels determined in a wastewater effluent matrix could be reasonably explained by the kinetic data obtained from the phosphate buffered solutions and the expected oxidant (chlorine and OH radicals) demands by water matrix components. These results can be useful in optimizing chlorine and UV-based disinfection systems to achieve ARG inactivation.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Inactivation kinetics of ARB, e- and i-ARGs by chlorine, UV, UV/H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> were determined. </LI> <LI> Damages of ARGs occurred much more slowly than the inactivation of ARB (<I>E. coli</I>). </LI> <LI> Damages of i-ARGs were slower than e-ARGs due to protections by cellular components. </LI> <LI> 4-log ARG reductions require 40–70 (mg × min)/L for chlorine and 50–130 mJ/cm<SUP>2</SUP> for UV. </LI> <LI> ARG removals in a wastewater effluent were predictable from the ARG damage kinetics. </LI> </UL> </P>
관개취약성 평가모형 및 군집분석을 활용한 용수공급 위험도 평가
남원호,김태곤,홍은미,Michael J. Hayes,Mark D. Svoboda 한국농공학회 2015 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.57 No.1
Because reservoirs that supply irrigation water play an important role in water resource management, it is necessary to evaluate the vulnerability of thisparticular water supply resource. The purpose of this study is to provide water supply risk maps of agricultural reservoirs in South Korea using irrigationvulnerability model and cluster analysis. To quantify water supply risk, irrigation vulnerability indices are estimated to evaluate the performance of thewater supply on the agricultural reservoir system using a probability theory and reliability analysis. First, the irrigation vulnerability probabilities of 1,346reservoirs managed by Korea Rural Community Corporation (KRC) were analyzed using meteorological data on 54 meteorological stations over the past30 years (1981-2010). Second, using the K-mean method of non-hierarchical cluster analysis and pre-simulation approach, cluster analysis was appliedto classify into three groups for characterizing irrigation vulnerability in reservoirs. The morphology index, watershed area, irrigated area, and ratiobetween watershed and irrigated area are selected as the clustering analysis parameters. It is suggested that the water supply risk map be utilized as a basisfor the establishment of risk management measures, and could provide effective information for a reasonable decision making on drought risk mitigation.
표준강수증발산지수를 활용한 미래 가뭄특성의 시계열 변화전망
Nam, Won-Ho,Hayes, Michael J.,Wilhite, Donald A.,Svoboda, Mark D. 한국농공학회 2015 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.57 No.1
Recent droughts in South Korea have had large economic and environmental impacts across the country. Changes in rainfall and hydrologic patterns due to climate change can potentially increase the occurrence of extreme droughts and affect the future availability of water resources. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate drought vulnerability for water resources planning and management, and identify the appropriate mitigation actions to conduct a drought risk analysis in the context of climate change. The objective of this study is changes in the temporal trends of drought characteristics in South Korea to examine drought impacts under climate change. First, the changes of drought occurrence were analyzed by applying the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) for meteorological data on 54 meteorological stations, and were analyzed for the past 30 years (1981-2010), and Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) climate change scenarios (2011-2100). Second, the changes on the temporal trends of drought characteristics were performed using run theory, which was used to compare drought duration, severity, and magnitude to allow for quantitative evaluations under past and future climate conditions. These results show the high influence of climate change on drought phenomenon, and will contribute to water resources management and drought countermeasures to climate change.