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- 저자 : ( Jonathan J Webster ) (검색결과 3 건)
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Web Access to a Lexical Database using VB/Access CGI Programming
( Jonathan J Webster ) 한국언어정보학회 1995 국제 워크샵 Vol.1995 No.-
In this paper I report on the development of an application in which HTML forms serve as a front-end to a lexical database. Lexical information and data retrieval strategies are based on the Longman Language Activator. A Visual Basic CGI application connects a front end HTIvll. form with the back-end relational database implemented usmg Microsoft Access. Three aspects of the applcation are discussed in this paper: (1) the lexical database: (2) the HTIvll. front end: and (3) the Visual Basic CGI programming necessary to connect (l) and (2)
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Calcineurin-dependent negative regulation of CD94/NKG2A expression on naive CD8+ T cells
Cho, Jae-Ho,Kim, Hee-Ok,Webster, Kylie,Palendira, Mainthan,Hahm, Bumsuk,Kim, Kyu-Sik,King, Cecile,Tangye, Stuart G.,Sprent, Jonathan American Society of Hematology 2011 Blood Vol.118 No.1
<B>Abstract</B><P>Immune responses lead to expression of immunoregulatory molecules on T cells, including natural killer (NK) receptors, such as CD94/NKG2A on CD8+ T cells; these receptors restrain CD8+ responses, thereby preventing T-cell exhaustion in chronic infections and limiting immunopathology. Here, we examined the requirements for inducing CD94/NKG2A on T cells responding to antigen. In vitro, moderate induction of CD94/NKG2A expression occurred after exposure of naive CD8+ (but not CD4+) cells to CD3 ligation or specific peptide. Surprisingly, expression was inhibited by CD28/B7 costimulation. Such inhibition applied only to CD94/NKG2A and not other NK receptors (NKG2D) and was mediated by IL-2. Inhibition by IL-2 occurred via a NFAT cell-independent component of the calcineurin pathway, and CD94/NKG2A induction was markedly enhanced in the presence of calcineurin blockers, such as FK506 or using calcineurin-deficient T cells, both in vitro and in vivo. In addition to CD28-dependent inhibition by IL-2, CD94/NKG2A expression was impaired by several other cytokines (IL-4, IL-23, and transforming growth factor-β) but enhanced by others (IL-6, IL-10, and IL-21). The complex interplay between these various stimuli may account for the variable expression of CD94/NKG2A during responses to different pathogens in vivo.</P>
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Corpuz, Theresa M.,Stolp, Jessica,Kim, Hee-Ok,Pinget, Gabriela V.,Gray, Daniel H. D.,Cho, Jae-Ho,Sprent, Jonathan,Webster, Kylie E. American Association of Immunologists 2016 Journal of Immunology Vol. No.
<P>gamma delta T cells respond to molecules upregulated following infection or cellular stress using both TCR and non-TCR molecules. The importance of innate signals versus TCR ligation varies greatly. Both innate-like IL-17-producing gamma delta T (gamma delta T-17) and IFN-gamma-producing gamma delta T (gamma delta T-IFN gamma) subsets tune the sensitivity of their TCR following thymic development, allowing robust responses to inflammatory cytokines in the periphery. The remaining conventional gamma delta T cells retain high TCR responsiveness. We determined homeostatic mechanisms that govern these various subsets in the peripheral lymphoid tissues. We found that, although innate-like gamma delta T-17 and gamma delta T-IFN gamma cells share elements of thymic development, they diverge when it comes to homeostasis. Both exhibit acute sensitivity to cytokines compared with conventional gamma delta T cells, but they do not monopolize the same cytokine. gamma delta T-17 cells rely exclusively on IL-7 for turnover and survival, aligning them with NKT17 cells; IL-7 ligation triggers proliferation, as well as promotes survival, upregulating Bcl-2 and Bcl-x(L). gamma delta T-IFN gamma cells instead depend heavily on IL-15. They display traits analogous to memory CD8(+) T cells and upregulate Bcl-x(L) and Mcl-1 upon cytokine stimulation. The conventional gamma delta T cells display low sensitivity to cytokine-alone stimulation and favor IL-7 for their turnover, characteristics reminiscent of naive alpha beta T cells, suggesting that they may also require tonic TCR signaling for population maintenance. These survival constraints suggest that gamma delta T cell subsets do not directly compete with each other for cytokines, but instead fall into resource niches with other functionally similar lymphocytes.</P>
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