首都圈地域에서 土壤의 酸性化에 의한 리기다소나무의 生長 減少

Rhyu, Tae-Cheol,Kim, Kee-Dae,Kim, Joon-Ho 한국생태학회 1994 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.17 No.3

수도권에서 보고된 리기다소나무 생장감소의 원인을 밝히기 위하여 33장소의 리기다소나무 숲에서 교목의 밀도, 수령 및 토양의 물리화학적 특성을 조사하였다. 토성을 제외하고 토양의 물리적 특성들은 도심지와 전원지에서 차가 없었다. 그러나 토양의 pH값, 염기포화도 및 염기성 양이온 함량은 전원지에 비해 도심지에서 낮았지만, 수용성 Al 함량과 S함량은 그 반대였다. 도심지의 토양산성화는 산성강하물에 의한 영향으로 해석된다. 다중회귀분석 결과, 수도권에서 리기다소나무 생장은 토양의 가비중<토양의 Al 함량<교목의 밀도<토양의 Mg 함량<수령의 순으로 영향이 컸다. 결론적으로 수도권에서 리기다소나무 생장의 감소는 1차적으로 토양산성화가 주요한 요인이었을 것으로 판단된다. To elucidate the cause of growth decline of pitch pine (Pinus rigida) in Seoul, tree density, tree age and physico-chemical properties of soils were investigated at 33 sites of pitch pine forests in metropolitan Seoul, its vicinity and rural areas. The physical properties of soils except for soil texture in Seoul did not differ from those in rural areas. pH values, base saturation, and Ca and Mg contents of soils in Seoul, however, were significantly lower than those in suburbs and rural areas. In contrast, soluble Al and $S0_4^{2-}-S$ contents in Seoul were higher than those in rural areas. Low pH of forest soils in Seoul and suburbs seems to be caused by acid deposition. According to multiple regression analysis, growth of pitch pine in Seoul was affected by several factors in the following order: soil bulk density < Al content of soils < tree density < Mg contents of soil < tree age. We concluded that the acidification of forest soil can be a predisposing factor for the growth decline of pitch pine in metropolitan areas.

The enterprising evaluation for the Korean National Long-Term Ecological Research (KNLTER) Project for six years (Review)

Rhyu, Tae-Cheol,Yang, Byung-Gug The Ecological Society of Korea 2011 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.34 No.1

The Korean National Long-Term Ecological Research (KNLTER) project seeks to predict the effects on Korean ecosystems caused by stress derived from environmental changes from a national perspective. The objective of this article about the KNLTER program, continuously supported by the Ministry of Environment (MOE) since 2004, was to inspect the general plans and to evaluate the project for the KNLTER program objectively, and to make suggestions about the developmental direction of the project. As a result of evaluation on the research site, the numbers of research sites in 2010 correspond to 50% of those presented in the basic plan of the KNLTER project. As a result of evaluation on the research contents in the terrestrial ecosystem section of the KNLTER project, monitoring of climatic and atmospheric changes using eco-towers should be conducted over a long-term period. Additionally, the soil respiration part of the study needs to be expanded further in order to better understand soil systems. In the freshwater ecosystem section, we need to establish common standard investigation items, which can be used as indicators of the actual freshwater environment, considering that freshwater ecosystem management is closely related to human life. In the coastal ecosystem section, we should intensively analyze the correlation between the collected data accumulated thus far, as well as environmental changes including climate change, pollution, etc. For very sensible cases such as topographic changes due to rises in sea level, we should generate data applicable to prediction and confrontation for future changes through the continuous addition of variables and applications of a variety of simulation methods. In the animal ecology section, we should evaluate ecosystem changes based on animal phenology by selecting indicator animal species, which can be applied to each relevant ecosystem: namely, terrestrial, freshwater, and coastal ecosystems. As a result of synthetic evaluation conducted under the auspices of KNLTER, the stability of study areas is frequently implicated as the most common problem. If private lands are designated as study sites, it is very difficult to maintain them as study sites for a prolonged period. Therefore, it is necessary to designate national and public lands, such as national or provincial parks, as study sites. Efforts thus far conducted toward the construction of an appropriate database and modeling studies remain insufficient. After investigating the phenology of the specific species growing in all research sites, it is necessary to assess and report the overall changes in Korean ecosystems by applying that knowledge. The collection, analysis, and systematization of recent domestic and foreign research data related to natural ecosystem changes owing to environmental changes such as climate change and environmental pollution have been insufficient. Therefore, studies performed to obtain this information should be continuously pursued in the third stage.

首都圈地域에서 리기다소나무 잎과 잔뿌리 속의 陽이온 부족

Rhyu, Tae-Cheol,Kim, Kee-Dae,Kim, Joon-Ho 한국생태학회 1994 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.17 No.3

수도권과 그 주변 지역의 33지소의 리기다소나무 숲에서 리기다소나무 잎과 잔뿌리의 주요이온의 함량을 정량하였다. 잎 속의 N, P, K 및 Mg 함량운 전년도 잎에 비해 당해연도 잎속에 높았지만, Al과 Ca은 그 반대였다. 잎 속의 N, P, K 및 Al 함랴은 지역간의 차이가 없었지만, Ca과 Mg 함량은 전원지에 비해 도심지에서 낮았다. 그러나 잎속의 N/Ca와 N/Mg의 비의 값은 전원지에보다 도심지에서 컸다. 표토 잔뿌리 속의 Mg 함량은 도심으로부터 거리가 멀어짐에 따라 증가하였으나, 심층토 잔뿌리 속의 Al 함량은 그 반대였다. 토양층 잔뿌리 속의Al 함량은 도심지보다 전원지에서 낮았다. 토양층 잔뿌리속의 Al 함량은 낙엽층의 잔뿌리에 비하여 2~3배 높았다. 그리고 표토보다 심층토에 존재하는 잔뿌리 속에 Al 함량이 높았다. 그러므로 수도권 지역에서 리기다소나무의 생장감소는 조직 속의 Ca과 Mg 부족, N/Ca과 N/Mg 비의증가 및 잔뿌리 생장에 대한 Al 독성에 있었다. 그리고 수도권 지역에서 잔뿌리의 비정상적인 분포는 산성토양에서 Al 독성에 의한 잔뿌리의 생장감소가 그 원인으로 해석된다. The contents of major elements were determined in current-year and previous-year needles and fine roots of pitch pine (Pinus yzgida) at 33 sites in Seoul and its vicinity. Contrary to Ca and Al in needles, N, P, Mg and K contents in current-year needles were higher than those in previous-year needles. The N, P, K and Al contents in current-year needles in Seoul were not significantly different from those in rural areas. In contrast, Ca and Mg contents in needles in Seoul were significantly lower than those in suburbs and rural areas. The N /Ca and N /Mg ratios in needles in urban Seoul were higher than those in rural areas. Mg contents in fine roots in soil of 0-5 cm depth increased along with distance from the center of Seoul, while Al contents in fine root in soil of 5-10 cm depth decreased along with distance from the center of Seoul. Al contents in fine roots in soil layer in Seoul and suburbs were higher than those in rural areas. Al contents in fine roots in litter layer were 1 /3 - 1 /2 times lower than those in soil layer for all areas. A1 content in fine roots in deep soil was higher than that in top soil. Therefore growth decline of pitch pine in Seoul and suburbs was thought to be caused by Ca and Mg deficiency in plant tissues and Al toxicity to fine roots. Abnormal vertical distribution of fine roots of pitch pine in Seoul and its vicinity were interpreted as the result of growth reduction of fine roots by Al toxicity in deep layer of acid soil.

산성 빗물 , Mg 결핍 , Al 과잉에 대한 리기다소나무 유식물의 생장 반응과 부식산에 (腐植酸) 의한 Al 독성의 완화

유태길(Tae Cheol Rhyu),김준호(Joon Ho Kim) 한국식물학회 1994 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.37 No.3

The individual and combined effects of acidic rain, Mg deficiency (- Mg) and Al surplus (+Al) on the growth of shoots and roots of pitch pine seedlings and the effect of humic substances (Lit) on Al toxicity were investigated. The growth of height and dry matter were not significantly less for pitch pine seedlings sprayed with simulated acid rain (SAR) of pH 3.5 than for those sprayed with SAR of pH 5.6. But treatments of Al and + Al - Mg in soil solution reduced the growth of seedling in terms of height of shoots, and dry matter of shoots or roots. Effect of Mg deficiency on the growth of seedlings was apparent only when Al was treated simutaneously. The growth of seedlings, regardless of rain pH, decreased in the following order; control= - Mg>Lit+Al>+Al>+Al-Mg. Treatments of Al and +Al -- Mg in soil solution reduced the total length of secondary and tertiary roots of seedlings regardless of rain pH, and decreased in the following order: the primary root<the secondary root< the tertiary root. Total length of tertiary roots were the lowest in treatment of +Al - Mg. Total length of tertiary roots treated with Al was 47% of those of control. But total length of tertiary roots treated with Lit + Al was 90% of control. Decrease in the growth of seedlings by Al toxicity was significantly ameliorated by addition of humic substances such as littler extract.

수도권 지역에서 잔뿌리의 상향분포와 대기오염 물질에 의한 리기다소나무 수분 부족

유태길(Tae Cheol Rhyu),김준호(Joon Ho Kim) 한국식물학회 1994 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.37 No.3

To make regional comparisons of water status of pitch pine, the temporal changes of water status in pitch pine were investigated at different areas; urban Seoul (heavily polluted area), surburb of Seoul (lightly polluted area), and rural area (control). The effects of air pollutants, acid rain and chemical properties of soil on water deficit in pitch pine were also investigated. Water content of needles growing at polluted areas were usually lower than that at unpolluted area. Water saturation deficit of needles growing at polluted areas were usually higher than that at unpolluted area especially in dry season. These results indicated that water in needles growing at polluted areas were usually more dificient than that at unpolluted area, and were more dificient in April than other months. At polluted areas, the older the needles were, the more quickly transpirated the water in the needle was. At unpolluted areas, however, water in old needles was not so quickly transpirated as those at polluted areas. Water potential of needles of pitch pine seedling treated with simulated acid rain (SAR) of pH 3.5 decreased more quickly than that of needles treated with SAR of pH 5.6. Loss of water through epicuticular layer was greater in the following order; magnesium deficiency + 100 μM aluminium > 100 μM aluminium > magnesium deficiency > control. In addition to Mg deficiency and Al toxicity, growth decline of pitch pine widely occurring in polluted Seoul could to a large extent be due to cuticle degredation and abnormal vertical distribution of fine roots, which lead to water stress, particularly in dry seasons.

정부의 실업대책과 실직자의 재취업

류재술,류기철 한국국제경제학회 1999 국제경제연구 Vol.5 No.2

본 논문에서는 설문조사를 통해 얻어진 자료를 이용하여 실직자의 실업대책 이용실태를 살펴보고 실업대책이 실직자의 재취업에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 실직근로자들이 취업알선, 실업급여, 재취업훈련, 공공근로사업 등 정부가 시행하는 실업대책을 이용하는 정도가 크게 낮으며, 아울러 실직자들은 정부의 실업대책에 대해 전반적으로 부정적인 평가를 내리고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 위험도모형을 이용한 분석결과 또한 이 사업들이 실직자의 재취업에 별다른 도움을 주지 못하고 있음을 보여 주고 있다. 즉, 실업급여는 통계적 유의성이 다소 약하기는 하나 비정규직에의 재취업을 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 공공직업안정기관에의 구직등록은 비정규직에의 취업가능성은 크게 높이나 정규직에의 취업에는 도움을 주지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 실직자에 대한 직업훈련은 예상했던 것과 달리 정규직에의 취업가능성을 오히려 낮추는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 분석결과는 정부의 실업대책에 대한 전면적인 검토가 필요함을 의미하는 것이다. 실업대책의 효율성을 높이기 위해서는 실업대책의 내용정비와 함께 실업대책의 전달체계 개선이 필요하며, 아울러 시행성과에 대한 사후평가제도를 도입하는 것이 필요하다고 생각된다.

실업근로자의 성별 의중임금함수 추정

류재술,류기철 한국노동경제학회 2002 勞動經濟論集 Vol.25 No.2

실업근로자의 노동시장으로의 재진입 또는 재취업과 관련한 실업근로자의 의중임금에 대한 연구는 대단히 중요한 의미를 가진다고 볼 수 있다. 왜냐하면 한 가계 내 핵심 노동력인 남자의 의중임금 결정메커니즘과 가계보조적 성향이 강한 여자의 의중임금 결정메커니즘 간에는 차이가 있을 것이기 때문이다. 이러한 맥락에서 약 1,200명의 실업자를 대상으로 조사한 미시적 자료를 이용하여 성별 의중임금함수(reservation wage function)를 추정함으로써 성별 의중임금함수의 상이성에 따라 남녀간 의중임금 결정메커니즘이 서로 다름을 밝히고자 한다. 그 결과 성별 의중임금 결정요인의 중요 설명변수들을 살펴보면 남자의 경우에는 전 직장의 임금소득, 연령, 학력, 실업기간 등이 중요 설명변수였으나 여자의 경우에는 전 직장의 임금소득, 학력, 연령, 자격증 유무 등이 중요 설명변수가 되는 것으로 나타났다. 여자보다 남자의 경우 저학력에 비하여 고학력일수록 의중임금이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 여자보다 남자의 경우 실업기간이 길어질수록 의중임금이 더 큰 폭으로 하락하고 타가구원의 소득이 있는 경우에 의중임금이 더 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 본 연구는 조사 지역의 범위와 관련한 자료의 한계를 인정한다 하더라도 우리나라 의중임금과 관련한 연구에 많은 시사점을 줄 것으로 기대한다. Korean economy has contains many economic problems during past 2-3 years. One of these problems is unemployment rate rise rapidly. So Korean government has proposed many programs to deal specifically with male and female unemployment. But important things are not only administration's programs but also unemployed persons' reservation wage. Accordingly the purpose of this thesis is to analyze why reservation wages differ between male and female. The data we are going to use is the unemployment survey by researcher in 1998. By the result of the estimation of reservation wage functions, we are found two fact. The first is the principle of determinants reservation wage are different between male and female. In esimation of male reservation wage function, early wage and age, education level, unemployment period are very important determinants. But in esimation of female reservation wage function, early wage and education level, age, licence are very important determinants. The second is the reservation wage-setting mechanisms are different between male and female. Therefore we conclude that because Korean labor market is stratified labor market, reservation wage-setting mechanisms are much different by sex.

고관절의 화농성 관절염으로 오진된 급성기 혈청 음성 류마티스 관절염

박철희 ( Cheol Hee Park ),이주현 ( Joo Hyun Lee ),김태진 ( Tae Jin Kim ),허동 ( Dong Hurr ),전영수 ( Young Soo Chun ),유기형 ( Kee Hyung Rhyu ),조윤제 ( Yoon Je Cho ) 대한고관절학회 2012 Hip and Pelvis Vol.24 No.4

건강 비임신 여성과 임신부들의 혈청 총코레스테롤 함량에 관한 조사

류철인,김돈균,Rhyu, Cheol-In,Kim, Don-Kyoun 대한예방의학회 1990 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.23 No.2

모성보건관리대책수립을 위한 기초자료를 제공할 목적으로 부산지역에 거주하는 $20{\sim}30$세 사이의 건강한 비임신 여성 167명과 임신부 209명을 대상으로 혈청총코레스테롤 함량과 이에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 생리적 제 인자간의 관련성을 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 건강여성군과 임신부간에 체중의 증가에 따른 Broca's index의 상승을 제외할 신장, 수축기 및 이완기혈압치에는 큰 차이가 없었다. 2. 건강여성군의 혈청총코레스테롤함량은 165.9 mg/dl, 임신부는 212.6 mg/dl로서 유의한 차이가 있었으나 연령에 따른 차이는 관찰할 수 없었으며 함량별 분포양상은 양자 모두 정규분포형을 나타내었다. 3. 건강여성군에서는 혈청총코레스테롤함량과 체중 및 Broca's index간에 임신부에서는 체중, Broca's index 및 임신기간간에 통계적으로 유의한 상관성이 있었다. 4. 체중별 혈청총코레스테롤함량은 건강여성군은 $162.9{\sim}189.4mg/dl$, 임신부는 $167.2{\sim}246.2mg/dl$로서 체중이 증가됨에 따라 그치도 증가되는 경향이 있었으며 특히 임신부의 경우에 더욱 현저하였다. 5. 임신기간별 혈청총코레스테롤함량은 12주이하군 168.1 mg/dl, $13{\sim}26$주군 209.6 mg/dl, 27주이상군 235.4 mg/dl로서 임신이 진행됨에 따라 그 치도 높아지는 경향이 있었으며 함량별분포양상은 모두 정규분포형을 나타내었다. The author investigated the values of total serum cholesterol and its coreelation with the physical factors to have potential as a line in the chain of basic investigation to establish maternal health program. The study group was composed of 167 healthy non-pregnant and 209 pregnant women in the age of 20-39 residing in Pusan area. The obtained results were as follows : 1. No significant differences were found in height and systolic and diastolic blood pressure in both groups except for the elevation of Broca's index by gaining the weight in pregnant women. 2. There were significant differences in the total serum cholesterol level of the healthy and pregnant women as 165.9 mg/dl and 212.6 mg/dl, repectively, not showing the differences in the age. Total serum cholesterol values in both group followed approximately normal distribution curve. 3. The significant correlation to the values of total serum cholesterol were found between weight and Broca's index in healthy women and between weight, Broca's index and duration of pregnancy in pregnant women. 4. The values of total serum cholesterol by weight were 162.9-189.4 mg/dl in healthy women and 167.2-246.2 mg/dl in pregnant women, showing the increasing tendency of values by weight, especially in pregnant women. 5. The values of total serum cholesterol in pregnant women showed increasing tendency with the duration of pregnancy as 168.1 mg/dl in 12 weeks and below, 209.6 mg/dl in 13-26 weeks and 235.4 mg/dl in 27 weeks and above group. Total nm cholesterol values by duration of pregnancy followed normal distribution curve.

Effects of Dolomite Liming on Soil Chemistry in Acidic Forest Soils

Kim, Chang-Gi,Rhyu, Tae-Cheol,Kim, Joon-Ho The Ecological Society of Korea 2003 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.26 No.6

A mixed forest of pines (Pines densiflora and Pinus rigida) and an oak forest (Quercus mongolica) in Mt. Kwanak in Seoul were limed with 1.5 t/ha and 3 t/ha of dolomite in 1993 and investigated the effects of liming on the chemical changes in the 0-5 cm and 5∼10 cm layers of soil from 1994 to 1995. Soil pH values were greater in the limed plots than in the control plot by the unit of 0.1-0.6 in the pine forest and 0.1∼0.2 in the oak forest. Ca concentrations in the limed plots were greater than those in the control plots in both the pine and oak forests. A considerable increase in Mg concentrations in soil was observed in the limed plots. K and Na concentrations in the limed plots appeared to decrease in both the pine and oak forests two years after liming. Although Al concentrations were greater in the limed plots than in the control plot in the pine forest in 1994, there was a tendency of a decrease in the concentration of this metal in the limed plots in 1995. Mn concentrations also tended to decrease in the limed plots in both the pine and oak forests.