INFECTIOUS STUNTING SYNDROME OF BROILER CHICKS I. CLINICAL SIGNS AND PATHOLOGICAL LESIONS

Khan, S.A.,Mustafa, G.,Chaudhry, R.A.,Iqbal, M.,Khan, M.I. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1995 Animal Bioscience Vol.8 No.1

This study represented an endeavor to observe clinical signs and pathological lesions in broiler chicks suffering from experimental Infectious stunting syndrome(ISS). One hundred and twenty day old broiler chicks were divide randomly into two equal groups i.e. control (A) and inoculated (B). At day one of age each chick of the groups (A and B) was dosed with one ml of either tryptose phosphate broth or prepared inoculum respectively. Chicks of both the groups were housed separately under similar standard management. Inoculation induced characteristic clinical changes in birds of treatment group like of brownish diarrhea, lameness, feather developing problems and paleness of combs, wattles and shanks. By day-29 of the experiment all the stunted birds from group-B and an equal number of birds from group-A were slaughtered. These birds were examined thoroughly to record the gross changes in various structures and then the severely affected organs were processed for histopathological examination. The skeletons of affected birds were brittle, keel bones showed quite prominence while the muscles and subcutaneous tissues were almost devoid of fat. Grossly it was observed that pancreas, spleen and bursa of Fabricius were severely atrophied while the intestines were ballooned with undigested feed and gases. Histopathological examination of pancreas and spleen revealed a classical picture necessary for understanding the pathogenesis of the syndrome. The acivar cells of pancreas were atrophied and underwent vacuolation, degeneration and vecrosis. The zymogen granules were almost absent from the acinar cells. A characteristic change was an inflammatory reaction in one or more pancreatic ducts where the epithelium and fibrous tissues occluded the lumen of the ducts and led to the obstruction in pancreatic drainage.

Energy transfer phenomenon of Gd³⁺ to excited ground state of Eu³⁺ ions in Li₂O-BaO-Gd₂O₃-SiO₂-Eu₂O₃ glasses

Khan, I.,Rooh, G.,Rajaramakrishna, R.,Sirsittapokakun, N.,Kim, H.J.,Kaewkhao, J.,Kirdsiri, K. Elsevier 2019 Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomole Vol.210 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Li<SUB>2</SUB>O-BaO-Gd<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>-SiO<SUB>2</SUB> glasses with different concentration of Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> ions were developed by the traditional melt quenching technique and characterized via FTIR, absorption, excitation, emission and CIE color coordinates analysis for visible red emission application. The FTIR shows strong band at position 740 cm<SUP>−1</SUP> which is attributed to Si-O-Si symmetric stretching mode. Density and molar volume of LBGSEu glasses increases with Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> ions concentration. The covalent nature of bond between the Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> ions and surrounding ligands was confirmed from the bonding parameter (δ). From absorption spectra JO-parameters and oscillator strength are evaluated for LBGSEu6 glass. From JO-parameters, Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> ions have asymmetric coordination environment and stronger covalency. The phonon line PSB (22,522 cm<SUP>−1</SUP>) confirm the phonon energy ≈971 cm<SUP>−1</SUP>, that corresponds to the energy of one phonon associated with maximum energy of the vibrational mode couple to Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> ions. Under 275 nm and 393 nm excitation, intense red emission was observed at 613 nm, we observe efficient energy transfer phenomena from Gd<SUP>3+</SUP> → Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> in these glasses. Increasing trend of I<SUB>R</SUB> with increasing concentration of Eu<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> indicates the asymmetric environment around Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> ions in LBGS. Moreover, from JO analysis, LBGS glasses have high capability for red laser device with high lasing power and energy extraction ratio. The fluorescence lifetimes show decreasing trend in lifetime with increasing concentration of Eu<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> is due to radiative transition. From CIE color coordinate, the CIE color coordinates of LBGSEu6 glass fall in reddish region close to orange region and can be useful for optical display devices.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Li<SUB>2</SUB>O-BaO-Gd<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>-SiO<SUB>2</SUB> glasses were prepared by melt quenching method. </LI> <LI> Energy transfer phenomena from Gd<SUP>3+</SUP> → Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> were found in these glasses. </LI> <LI> Luminescence intensity found to be more intense at 613 nm red emission. </LI> <LI> The one phonon line PSB (22,522 cm<SUP>−1</SUP>) confirm the phonon energy ≈971 cm<SUP>−1</SUP>. </LI> <LI> The fluorescence lifetimes show decreasing trend with increasing content of Eu<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical Abstract</B></P> <P>LBGSEu emission (λ<SUB>ext</SUB> = 275 nm) region (560 nm–720 nm).</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

SHIELD DESIGN OF CONCRETE WALL BETWEEN DECAY TANK ROOM AND PRIMARY PUMP ROOM IN TRIGA FACILITY

Khan, M J H,Rahman, M,Ahmed, F U,Bhuiyan, S I,Haque, A,Zulquarnain, A The Korean Association for Radiation Protection 2007 방사선방어학회지 Vol.32 No.4

The objective of this study is to recommend the radiation protection design parameters from the shielding point of view for concrete wall between the decay tank room and the primary pump room in TRIGA Mark-II Research Reactor Facility. The shield design for this concrete wall has been performed with the help of Point-kernel Shielding Code Micro-Shield 5.05 and this design was also validated based on the measured dose rate values with Radiation Survey Meter (G-M Counter) considering the ICRP-60 (1990) recommendations for occupational dose rate limit ($10{\mu}Sv/hr$). The recommended shield design parameters are: (i) thickness of 114.3 cm Ilmenite-Magnetite Concrete (IMC) or 129.54 cm Ordinary Reinforced Concrete (ORC) for concrete wall A (ii) thickness of 66.04 cm Ilmenite-Magnetite Concrete (IMC) or 78.74 cm Ordinary Reinforced Concrete (ORC) for concrete wall B and (iii) door thickness of 3.175 cm Mild Steel (MS) on the entrance of decay tank room. In shielding efficiency analysis, the use of I-M concrete in the design of this concrete wall shows that it reduced the dose rate by a factor of at least 3.52 times approximately compared to ordinary reinforced concrete.

COMPARATIVE STUDY ON PATHOLOGY OF HEMIC SYSTEM OF THREE BROILER CHICKEN STRAINS SUFFERING FROM EXPERIMENTAL HYDROPERICARDIUM SYNDROME

Khan, S.A.,Zaidi, F.H.,Chaudhry, R.A.,Ashraf, S.K.,Mian, M.S.,Qureshi, I.R. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1995 Animal Bioscience Vol.8 No.4

The experiment was conducted to study the comparative pathology of hemic system among three different broiler chicken strains i.e. Hubbard (H), Lohmann (L) and Indian River (IR) suffering from experimentally induced Hydropericardium Syndrome (HPS). For this 50 chicks of each strain were inoculated with HPS inoculum at the age of 21 days and other 50 chicks of each broiler strain were kept as uninoculated control. After slaughtering each bird of both groups was subjected to pathological examination of heart, spleen and aorta and also for determining routine haematological parameters. The maximum values of Total Erythrocyte Count (TEC), heterophils and thrombocytes and the minimum values of Total Leukocyte Count (TLC) and Hemoglobin (Hb) content were found in H broiler strain. Percentage of monocytes, basophils and eosinophils also showed maximum decrease in H broiler chicken strain. Gross pathological lesions in the inoculated birds revealed that the heart showed ballooning due to distention of pericardial sac with pericardial fluid. Haemorrhages on the epicardium and flabbiness of the myocardium. Under the microscope, degenerative changes in myocardial tissue were seen. Lesions in the spleen included splenomegaly and haemorrhagic spots. Aorta showed flabbiness of the wall and disruption of endothelium. It is concluded that there is a marked difference in susceptibility of HPS among three different commercial broiler strains. The Hubbard broiler strain is more susceptible which is followed by the Indian River and Lohmann respectively.

Effects of electron injection on the magnetic and magnetocaloric behavior of Sr₂FeMoO₆ double perovskite

Hussain, I.,Anwar, M.S.,Khan, S.N.,Kim, J.W.,Chung, K.C.,Koo, B.H. ELSEVIER SCIENCE 2017 JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS Vol.694 No.-

With the aim of determining and distinguishing the influence of rare-earth doping on the strength of magnetic interactions, magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of Sr<SUB>2-x</SUB>Pr<SUB>x</SUB>FeMoO<SUB>6</SUB> (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) double perovskite were investigated. The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that all the samples crystallized in a tetragonal structure with I4/mmm space group. The temperature dependent magnetization and Arrott analysis suggested a second order of ferromagnetic phase transition in all the synthesized samples. The competing interaction between the electron injection and steric effect resulted in a non-monotonic evolution of the Curie temperature (T<SUB>C</SUB>). In the low Pr doped samples the raising of the Curie temperature is mainly due to the electronic effects while the decrease in T<SUB>C</SUB> observed for higher Pr doping (x = 0.3) is attributed to the steric effects. The magnetization was observed to increase with the increasing Pr doping (up to x = 0.2) indicating a progressive increase in cationic ordering. The magnetic entropy change was evaluated from the measurement of isothermal magnetization with respect to the magnetic field at different temperatures. The maximum magnetic entropy change and the relative cooling power were found to increase with the increasing Pr doping (x @? 0.2). The tunability of magnetization as well as Curie temperature simply by adjusting the dopant concentration and synthesis conditions makes Sr<SUB>2</SUB>FeMoO<SUB>6</SUB> a potential candidate for exploring the new kind of magnetic refrigerants.

Optimal path planning in cluttered environment using RRT*-AB

Noreen, I.,Khan, A.,Ryu, H.,Doh, N. L.,Habib, Z. SPRINGER SCIENCE + BUSINESS MEDIA 2018 INTELLIGENT SERVICE ROBOTICS Vol.11 No.1

<P>Rapidly exploring Random Tree Star (RRT*) has gained popularity due to its support for complex and high-dimensional problems. Its numerous applications in path planning have made it an active area of research. Although it ensures probabilistic completeness and asymptotic optimality, its slow convergence rate and large dense sampling space are proven problems. In this paper, an off-line planning algorithm based on RRT* named RRT*-adjustable bounds (RRT*-AB) is proposed to resolve these issues. The proposed approach rapidly targets the goal region with improved computational efficiency. Desired objectives are achieved through three novel strategies, i.e., connectivity region, goal-biased bounded sampling, and path optimization. Goal-biased bounded sampling is performed within boundary of connectivity region to find the initial path. Connectivity region is flexible enough to grow for complex environment. Once path is found, it is optimized gradually using node rejection and concentrated bounded sampling. Final path is further improved using global pruning to erode extra nodes. Robustness and efficiency of proposed algorithm is tested through experiments in different structured and unstructured environments cluttered with obstacles including narrow and complex maze cases. The proposed approach converges to shorter path with reduced time and memory requirements than conventional RRT* methods.</P>

Effect of Supplementing Grazing Cattle Calves with Urea-molasses Blocks, with and without Yucca schidigera Extract, on Performance and Carcass Traits

Mirza, I.H.,Khan, A.G.,Azim, A.,Mirza, M.A. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2002 Animal Bioscience Vol.15 No.9

Fourteen non-descript zebu cattle calves of about 1 year and 6 months age and 111 kg average body weight were used in this experiment. Grazing (5 h daily) animals were supplemented with urea-molasses blocks with and without Yucca, while the control group was without any supplementation i.e. grazing only. The feeding trial continued for a period of 70 days (November to February). At the end of trial three animals per treatment were slaughtered to compare carcass traits. Group no. 1 was fed block with yucca, group no. 2 was fed block without yucca and group no. 3 was on grazing only. Block intake was found to be 724 g/h/d and 1,239 g/h/d for group no. 1 and group no. 2, respectively (p<0.05). Feed efficiency of blocks was found to be 2.71 kg and 4.86 kg for group no. 1 and group no. 2, respectively (p<0.05). Block intake per kg $BW^{0.75}$ was found to be 14.75 and 26.05 gram for group 1 and group 2, respectively (p<0.05). Average daily body weight gain was found to be 267 g/h/d, 255 g/h/d and 169 g/h/d for group 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Carcass traits among the three treatments were found to be statistically similar. Thus urea-molasses blocks supplementation improved body weight gain and addition of yucca in the blocks further improved body weight gain, feed efficiency and economics. Environment (ambient temperature, rainfall, wind and humidity) had no significant effect on three treatments.

Nutritional Evaluation of Fodder Tree Leaves with Goats

Azim, A.,Khan, A.G.,Ahmad, J.,Ayaz, M.,Mirza, I.H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2002 Animal Bioscience Vol.15 No.1

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of common fodder tree leaves with goats fed at 50% of total ration. In experiment 1, leaves from six fodder tree species i.e., Ailanthus aitissima, Elaeagnus angustifolic, Morus alba (Mulberry), Populus spp, Robina pseudoacacia and Salix babylonia were harvested in spring and winter from northern areas of Pakistan. Chemical composition and apparent in situ dry matter digestibility (DMD) of fodder tree leaves were measured. Results showed that crude protein (CP) values were higher (p<0.05) in all the species during spring compared to winter (17.9% vs 12.0%). The concentration of NDF in Elaeagnus and Robinia was higher in spring, whereas no seasonal difference was found in other species. In situ DMD was higher (p<0.05) in Ailanthus and Populus at spring while it was higher (p<0.05) in Elaeagnus, Mulberry and Robinia at winter. There was no (p<0.05) seasonal effect on in situ DMD of Salix. In experiment II, four iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric rations viz., A, B, C and D were prepared containing 50% (winter harvested) sun dried leaves of Salix, Robinia, Mulberry and Elaeagnus, respectively and 50% concentrate. Dry matter and crude protein intakes were higher (p<0.05) given ration A (Salix) whereas DM and CP digestibility was lowest (p<0.05) given ration B. Nitrogen retention was higher (p<0.05) given ration A. Goats fed on fodder tree leaves and concentrate showed moderate intake and digestibility.

Foliar application of methyl jasmonate induced physio-hormonal changes in Pisum sativum under diverse temperature regimes

Shahzad, R.,Waqas, M.,Khan, A.L.,Hamayun, M.,Kang, S.M.,Lee, I.J. Gauthier-Villars ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2015 Vol. No.

Global climate change brings with it unwarranted shifts in both abiotic (heat stress, cold stress, wind, precipitation) and biotic (pathogens, pests) environmental factors, thus posing a threat to agricultural productivity across the world. In plants, lodging due to storms or herbivory causes wounding stress and consequently enhances endogenous jasmonates. In response, the plant growth is arrested as plant defense is prioritized. We pre-treated pea plants with elevated methyl jasmonate (MeJA) levels i.e. 50 μM, 100 μM and 200 μM under controlled growth chamber conditions. The pre-treated plants were then kept at 40 <SUP>o</SUP>C (heat stress-HS), 4 <SUP>o</SUP>C (cold stress-CS) and 20 <SUP>o</SUP>C (optimum/control temperature-OT) for 72 h. The effect of such treatments on plant growth attributes, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, cell death rate, and regulation of endogenous hormones were observed. Elevated MeJA application hindered plant growth attributes under HS, CS and OT conditions. Moreover, elevated MeJA levels lowered the rate of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance, induced stomatal closure, caused higher cells mortality in leaves under HS, CS, and OT conditions. Endogenous ABA contents significantly declined in all MeJA treatments under HS and OT, but increased under CS conditions. Exogenous MeJA enhanced endogenous jasmonic acid contents of pea plants, but altered endogenous salicylic acid contents under varying temperatures. Current study shows that higher concentrations of exogenous MeJA strengthen plant defense mechanism by hindering plant growth under stress conditions.

Reinforcement of Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Characteristics in PVDF‑PMMA Nanocomposite by Intercalation of Carbon Nanofibers

Anam Naseer,Muhammad Mumtaz,Muhammad Raffi,Izhar Ahmad,Sabih D. Khan,Rana I. Shakoor,Shaista Shahzada 대한금속·재료학회 2019 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.15 No.2

With the recent developments in the millimeter and sub-millimeter wave instruments and devices, there is a need to developelectromagnetic (EM) wave absorbing materials in these frequency bands for applications like electromagnetic interferencecontrol, electromagnetic compatibility, etc. In this work, carbon nanofi bers (CNF) were uniformly dispersed in a blend ofpoly(methyl methacrylate), polyvinylidene fl uoride and cyanoacrylate for air spray coating a fi lm on the cellulosic substrates. The samples were characterized for evaluation of their structure, morphology, electrical and EM absorption properties in0.15–1.2 THz range by X-ray diff raction, fi eld emission electron microscopy, I–V measurements and terahertz time domainspectroscopy. These coatings can conveniently be applied to the material surfaces by conventional air spray painting method,which makes this technique cost-eff ective as well as easy to deploy in various applications. The electrical conductivityenhancement in the samples has been attributed to the formation of conducting network by uniform distribution of CNFs inthe insulating polymer matrix. As a result, the shielding eff ectiveness (SE) has been observed to improve with the increasein CNF’s loading in the polymer matrix. The SE is also a function of frequency, which is attributed to the increase in theskin depth. A SE of 20 dB has been estimated in these samples for the frequencies 1 THz and higher, which is of signifi cantimportance for the use of this technique in practical applications.