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( Rieko Matsuoka ),( Gregory Poole ) 범태평양응용언어학회 2015 범태평양응용언어학회지 Vol.19 No.2
This paper examines the ways in which healthcare professionals interact with patients`` family members, and/or colleagues. The data are from healthcare discourses at difficult times found in the manga series entitled Nurse AOI. As the first step, we selected several communication scenes for analysis in terms of politeness strategies. From these scenes, we extracted individual events that exhibit anyone of five main constraints/ maxims that follow Leech``s (2009) Grand Strategy of Politeness (GSP) framework- generosity/tact, approbation/modesty, obligation, opinion, and feeling. Then in-depth analysis was conducted using the following three perspectives: the contextual background of the communication, the relationship with patients`` family member and/or colleagues, and the degree of face-threatening acts. This last perspective was evaluated by Politeness Theory (Brown & Levinson, 1987), judging the imposition of face-threatening acts, social distance, and relative power. Each communication event was examined in terms of politeness strategies (Brown and Levinson, 1987; Yoshioka, 2007). At difficult times optimal politeness strategies are required while simultaneously providing urgent medical care for patients or victims. The findings of this study indicate both potential problems with healthcare communication at difficult times such as disasters and also suggest the ways in which the quality of communication may be enhanced.
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( Rieko Matsuoka ),( Kahoko Matsumoto ),( Gregory Poole ),( Misato Matsuoka ) 범태평양응용언어학회 2014 범태평양응용언어학회지 Vol.18 No.1
This study examines the ways in which college students in Japan overcame sensitivity to external evaluation and increased their willingness to communicate in English. It is not uncommon for university students in Japan, who are otherwise proficient speakers of English and motivated to learn, fail to exhibit English competency in real communication situations. In interviews with students and teachers we discovered that sociocultural factors impede spontaneous communication, resulting in a reduced level of willingness to communicate in the students` L2, English. The social norms of the language classroom at a Japanese university create a milieu where individual students are sensitized to the social appropriateness of their communication acts. Since these norms are related to both the speech community of college students as well as larger societal expectations, including the concept of ‘seken’ (public eye), we suggest that language educators need to consider carefully the social context of the Japanese student language community when facilitating individuals` development of English language competence. Serendipitously we discovered that communication apprehension decreased when socially appropriate acts of communication were encouraged. The participants for this study read books (graded readers) of their own selection individually as a part of reading classes and gave in-class presentations, an idea self-initiated by the students themselves. Without any explicit attempt at boosting their levels of willingness to communicate, the participants of this study reported that they gained higher self-perceived communicative competence and felt more comfortable in speaking.
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