ANKRD9 is associated with tumor suppression as a substrate receptor subunit of ubiquitin ligase

Lee, Yejin,Lim, Byungho,Lee, Seon Woo,Lee, Woo Rin,Kim, Yong-In,Kim, Minhyeok,Ju, Hyoungseok,Kim, Mi Young,Kang, Suk-Jo,Song, Ji-Joon,Lee, J. Eugene,Kang, Changwon Elsevier 2018 Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of Vol.1864 No.10

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>Human <I>ANKRD9</I> (ankyrin repeat domain 9) expression is altered in some cancers.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>We tested genetic association of ANKRD9 with gastric cancer susceptibility and examined functional association of ANKRD9 with altered proliferation of MKN45 gastric cancer cells. We then identified ANKRD9-binding partners in HEK 293 embryonic kidney cells using quantitative proteomics, western blotting and complex reconstitution assays. We finally demonstrated ANKRD9's role of recognizing substrates for ubiquitination using in vitro ubiquitylation assay.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P> <I>ANKRD9</I> is associated with cancer susceptibility in a comparison of single-nucleotide polymorphisms between 1092 gastric cancer patients and 1206 healthy controls. ANKRD9 depletion accelerates tumor progression by increasing cellular proliferation, piling up, and anchorage-independent growth of MKN45 cells. We discovered that ANKRD9 is a ubiquitin ligase substrate receptor subunit and has an anti-proliferative activity. ANKRD9 associates with CUL5 (not CUL2), ELOB, ELOC, and presumably RNF7 subunits, which together assemble into a cullin-RING superfamily E3 ligase complex. ANKRD9 belongs to the ASB family of proteins, which are characterized by the presence of ankyrin repeats and a SOCS box. In addition to its interactions with the other E3 ligase subunits, ANKRD9 interacts with two isoforms of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH). These IMPDH isoforms are cognate substrates of the ANKRD9-containing E3 enzyme, which ubiquitinates them for proteasomal degradation. Their ubiquitination and turnover require the presence of ANKRD9.</P> <P><B>Conclusion</B></P> <P>ANKRD9, a previously unidentified E3 substrate receptor subunit, functions in tumor suppression by recognizing the oncoprotein IMPDH isoforms for E3 ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Human <I>ANKRD9</I> is genetically associated with gastric cancer susceptibility. </LI> <LI> ANKRD9 protein activity is functionally associated with tumor suppression. </LI> <LI> ANKRD9 is a substrate receptor subunit of CUL5-based ubiquitin ligase E3 complex. </LI> <LI> E3 with ANKRD9 ubiquitinates substrate proteins for proteasomal degradation. </LI> <LI> Two isoforms of oncoprotein IMP dehydrogenase are cognate substrates of ANKRD9. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Accurate quantification of transcriptome from RNA-Seq data by effective length normalization

Lee, Soohyun,Seo, Chae Hwa,Lim, Byungho,Yang, Jin Ok,Oh, Jeongsu,Kim, Minjin,Lee, Sooncheol,Lee, Byungwook,Kang, Changwon,Lee, Sanghyuk Oxford University Press 2011 Nucleic acids research Vol.39 No.2

<P>We propose a novel, efficient and intuitive approach of estimating mRNA abundances from the whole transcriptome shotgun sequencing (RNA-Seq) data. Our method, NEUMA (Normalization by Expected Uniquely Mappable Area), is based on effective length normalization using uniquely mappable areas of gene and mRNA isoform models. Using the known transcriptome sequence model such as RefSeq, NEUMA pre-computes the numbers of all possible gene-wise and isoform-wise informative reads: the former being sequences mapped to all mRNA isoforms of a single gene exclusively and the latter uniquely mapped to a single mRNA isoform. The results are used to estimate the effective length of genes and transcripts, taking experimental distributions of fragment size into consideration. Quantitative RT–PCR based on 27 randomly selected genes in two human cell lines and computer simulation experiments demonstrated superior accuracy of NEUMA over other recently developed methods. NEUMA covers a large proportion of genes and mRNA isoforms and offers a measure of consistency (‘consistency coefficient’) for each gene between an independently measured gene-wise level and the sum of the isoform levels. NEUMA is applicable to both paired-end and single-end RNA-Seq data. We propose that NEUMA could make a standard method in quantifying gene transcript levels from RNA-Seq data.</P>

Imaging Characteristics of Perosomus elumbis in a Puppy

Sooyoung Choi,Byungho Lee,Byungdon Lee,Jiwon Seo,Hyunyoung Park,Kyunghun Kwon,Youngwon Lee,Hojung Choi 한국수정란이식학회 2015 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.30 No.4

A 4-day-old, male Poodle dog was presented with dull, depressed and exhausted activity after the birth. On physical examination, the puppy showed arthrogryposis, muscular atrophy and no movement of hindlimbs. Palpation on dorsum revealed an absence of lumbar and sacral vertebrae. On prenatal and postnatal radiography, lumbar vertebrae, sacrum and coccygeal vertebrae were not visualized. On ultrasonography, bilateral kidney and urinary bladder were observed. On computed tomography, there were no apparent abnormalities in the forelimbs, cervical vertebrae or head, while lumbar vertebrae, sacrum and coccygeal vertebrae were not observed. At necropsy examination, the liver, stomach, intestine, kidney and urinary bladder were normal. This congenital anomaly was consistent with Perosomus elumbis. Perosomus elumbis in dogs is a rare condition of unknown etiology. In this report, Perosomus elumbis was evaluated with radiography, ultrasound and computed tomography.

Route to Improving Photovoltaics Based on CdSe/CdSe_<i>x</i>Te_1–<i>x</i> Type-II Heterojunction Nanorods: The Effect of Morphology and Cosensitization on Carrier Recombination and Transport

Lee, Sangheon,Flanagan, Joseph C.,Lee, Byungho,Hwang, Taehyun,Kim, Jaewook,Gil, Bumjin,Shim, Moonsub,Park, Byungwoo American Chemical Society 2017 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.9 No.37

<P>One-dimensionally elongated nanoparticles with type-II staggered band offset are of potential use as light-harvesting materials for photovoltaics, but only a limited attention has been given to elucidate the factors governing the cell performance obtainable from such materials. Herein, we describe a combined strategy to enhance charge collection from CdSe/CdSexTe1-x type-II heterojunction nanorods (HNRs) utilized as light harvesters for sensitized solar cells. By integrating morphology- and composition-tuned type-II HNRs into solar cells, factors that yield interfaces favorable both for the electron injection into TiO2 and hole transfer to electrolyte are examined. Furthermore, it is shown that a more efficient photovoltaic system results from cosensitization with CdS quantum dots (QDs) predeposited on a TiO2 scaffold, which improves charge collection from HNRs. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis suggests that such a synergistically enhanced system benefits from the decreased recombination within HNRs and facilitated charge transport through the cosensitized TiO2 electrode, even with the activation of a recombination path presumably related to the photogenerated holes in CdS QDs.</P>

Effects of Motivational Activation on Processing Positive and Negative Content in Internet Advertisements

Lee, Seungjo,Park, Byungho Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility 2012 감성과학 Vol.15 No.4

This study investigated the impact of individual differences in motivational reactivity on cognitive effort, memory strength (sensitivity) and decision making (criterion bias) in response to Internet ads with positive and negative content. Individual variation in trait motivational activation was measured using the Motivational Activation Measurement developed by A. Lang and her colleagues (A. Lang, Bradley, Sparks, & Lee, 2007). MAM indexes an individual's tendency to approach pleasant stimuli (ASA, Appetitive System Activation) and avoid unpleasant stimuli (DSA, Defensive System Activation). Results showed that individuals higher in ASA exert more cognitive effort during positive ads than individuals lower in ASA. Individuals higher in DSA exert more cognitive effort during negative ads compared to individuals lower in DSA. ASA did not predict recognition memory. However, individuals higher in DSA recognized ads better than those lower in DSA. The criterion bias data revealed participants higher in ASA had more conservative decision criterion, compared to participants lower in ASA. Individuals higher in DSA also showed more conservative decision criterion compared to individuals lower in DSA. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Evaluating the Optoelectronic Quality of Hybrid Perovskites by Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy with Noise Spectroscopy

Lee, Byungho,Lee, Sangheon,Cho, Duckhyung,Kim, Jinhyun,Hwang, Taehyun,Kim, Kyung Hwan,Hong, Seunghun,Moon, Taeho,Park, Byungwoo American Chemical Society 2016 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.8 No.45

<P>Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells have emerged as promising candidates for next-generation solar cells. To attain high photovoltaic efficiency, reducing the defects in perovskites is crucial along with a uniform coating of the films. Also, evaluating the quality of synthesized perovskites via facile and adequate methods is important as well. Herein, CH3NH3PbI3 perovskites were synthesized by applying second solvent dripping to nonstoichiometric precursors containing excess CH3NH3I. The resulting perovskite films exhibited a larger average grain size with a better crystallinity compared to that from stoichiometric precursors. As a result, the performance of planar perovskite solar cells was significantly improved, achieving an efficiency of 14.3%. Furthermore, perovskite films were effectively analyzed using a conductive AFM and noise spectroscopy, which have been uncommon in the field of perovskite solar cells. Comparing the topography and photocurrent maps, the variation of photocurrents in nanoscale was systematically investigated, and a linear relationship between the grain size and photocurrent was revealed. Also, noise analyses with a conductive probe enabled examination of the defect density of perovskites at specific grain interiors by excluding the grain-boundary effect, and reduced defects were clearly observed for the perovskites using CH3NH3I-rich precursors.</P>

Changing pattern of postoperative body weight and its association with recurrence and survival after curative resection for gastric cancer.

Lee, Sang Eok,Lee, Jun Ho,Ryu, Keun Won,Nam, Byungho,Kim, Chan Gyoo,Park, Sook Ryun,Kook, Myeong-Cherl,Kim, Young-Woo G. Thieme 2012 Hepato-gastroenterology Vol.59 No.114

<P>The aim of this study was to assess the pattern of body weight change after gastrectomy for gastric cancer and its association with prognosis.</P>

Efficient Type-II Heterojunction Nanorod Sensitized Solar Cells Realized by Controlled Synthesis of Core/Patchy-Shell Structure and CdS Cosensitization

Lee, Sangheon,Flanagan, Joseph C.,Kim, Jaewook,Yun, Alan Jiwan,Lee, Byungho,Shim, Moonsub,Park, Byungwoo American Chemical Society 2019 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.11 No.21

<P>Here, we report the successful application of core/patchy-shell CdSe/CdSe<SUB><I>x</I></SUB>Te<SUB>1-<I>x</I></SUB> type-II heterojunction nanorods (HNRs) to realize efficient sensitized solar cells. The core/patchy-shell structure designed to have a large type-II heterointerface without completely shielding the CdSe core significantly improves photovoltaic performance compared to other HNRs with minimal or full-coverage shells. In addition, cosensitization with CdS grown by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction further improves the power conversion efficiency. One-diode model analysis reveals that the HNRs having exposed CdSe cores and suitably grown CdS result in significant reduction of series resistance. Investigation of the intercorrelation between diode quality parameters, diode saturation current density (<I>J</I><SUB>0</SUB>) and recombination order (β = (ideality factor)<SUP>−1</SUP>) reveals that HNRs with open CdSe cores exhibit reduced recombination. These results confirm that the superior performance of core/patchy-shell HNRs results from their fine-tuned structure: photocurrent is increased by the large type-II heterointerface and recombination is effectively suppressed due to the open CdSe core enabling facile electron extraction. An optimized power conversion efficiency of 5.47% (5.89% with modified electrode configuration) is reported, which is unmatched among photovoltaics utilizing anisotropic colloidal heterostructures as light-harvesting materials.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

Uniform Cs2SnI6 Thin Films for Lead‑Free and Stable Perovskite Optoelectronics via Hybrid Deposition Approaches

Byungho Lee,신병하,Byungwoo Park 대한금속·재료학회 2019 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.15 No.2

Herein, we synthesized uniform Cs 2 SnI 6 fi lms by two kinds of hybrid deposition methods by considering volume expansioninvolved during phase transformations. First, oblique thermal evaporation for CsI followed by SnI 4 spin-coating resultedin uniform Cs 2 SnI 6 fi lms free of impurity phases. The rapid expansion (within 10 s of spin-coating) from CsI to Cs 2 SnI 6( ΔV = 106%) was accommodated by porous CsI fi lms inhibiting crack formation. Excess S nI4 on the C s 2S nI6 after spincoatingwas eff ectively removed by toluene washing without any damages to Cs 2 SnI 6 , and optimum deposition parameterswere suggested in terms of carrier mobility. Second, annealing CsI with SnI 4 vapor at 250 °C and post-annealing in the SnI 4and I 2 vapor at 300 °C produced Cs 2 SnI 6 fi lm with complete coverage. The slow reaction (70 min for a complete conversion)provided suffi cient time for complete diff usion of SnI 4 into CsI without crack formation even with compact CsI. Thenonradiative recombination path in Cs 2 SnI 6 was suppressed by post-annealing in the SnI 4 - and I 2 -atmosphere, as confi rmedfrom the enhanced photoluminescence.

스토리텔링 기반 S-Block 프로그램이 유아의 논리-수학적 수행 및 공간능력에 미치는 효과

이병호(Lee, Byungho),김윤희(Kim, Yunhee) 한국어린이미디어학회 2018 어린이미디어연구 Vol.17 No.2

본 연구에서는 스토리텔링 기반 S-Block 프로그램이 유아의 논리-수학적 수행 및 공간능력에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. S-Block은 기존의 Lego 블록과 조립이 가능한 전통적 블록의 특성을 유지하면서 블록 간의 통신이 가능해진 IoT기반 디지털 블록이다. 본 연구에서는 스토리텔링 기반 S-Block 프로그램을 통해 유아들이 스마트블록의 기본적 기능을 탐색하고 놀이상황에서의 문제해결에 활용할 수 있도록 교육 내용을 구성하였다. 연구대상은 A어린이집 만 5세 유아 26명(실험집단 13명, 비교집단 13명)으로 2018년 1월 9일부터 3월 7일까지 연구에 참여하였다. 프로그램의 효과를 살펴본 결과 스토리텔링 기반 S-Block 프로그램은 만 5세 유아의 논리-수학적 수행에 긍정적인 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 연구 결과를 기초로 S-Block과 같은 실물중심의 디지털 교육매체들이 유아교육 현장에서 적극 활용될 수 있도록 지원이 필요할 것을 논의하였다. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of S-Block program on children’s logical-mathematical and spatial ability. S-Block is IoT based digital block with the characteristics of the traditional blocks. We modified and used S-Block program(author, 2017). The program included storytelling and challenging problems which encouraged children to solve the problems using S-Blocks. Participants were 26(13 experimental group; 13 control group) 5-year-old-children. The results revealed significantly positive gains in the children’s logical-mathematical performance and spatial ability. S-Block is developmentally appropriate digital block and children actively participated in S-Block program. Teachers and children in the filed of early childhood education might need more opportunities to explore and experiment with such digital toys.