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      • CEnsLoc: Infrastructure-Less Indoor Localization Methodology Using GMM Clustering-Based Classification Ensembles

        Akram, Beenish Ayesha,Akbar, Ali Hammad,Kim, Ki-Hyung Hindawi Limited 2018 Mobile information systems Vol.2018 No.-

        <P>Indoor localization has continued to garner interest over the last decade or so, due to the fact that its realization remains a challenge. Fingerprinting-based systems are exciting because these embody signal propagation-related information intrinsically as compared to radio propagation models. Wi-Fi (an RF technology) is best suited for indoor localization because it is so widely deployed that literally, no additional infrastructure is required. Since location-based services depend on the fingerprints acquired through the underlying technology, smart mechanisms such as machine learning are increasingly being incorporated to extract intelligible information. We propose CEnsLoc, a new easy to train-and-deploy Wi-Fi localization methodology established on GMM clustering and Random Forest Ensembles (RFEs). Principal component analysis was applied for dimension reduction of raw data. Conducted experimentation demonstrates that it provides 97% accuracy for room prediction. However, artificial neural networks, <I>k</I>-nearest neighbors, <I>K</I><TEX>$ ^{\ast }$</TEX> , FURIA, and DeepLearning4J-based localization solutions provided mean 85%, 91%, 90%, 92%, and 73% accuracy on our collected real-world dataset, respectively. It delivers high room-level accuracy with negligible response time, making it viable and befitted for real-time applications.</P>

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        Inter-Process Correlation Model based Hybrid Framework for Fault Diagnosis in Wireless Sensor Networks

        ( Amna Zafar ),( Ali Hammad Akbar ),( Beenish Ayesha Akram ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2019 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.13 No.2

        Soft faults are inherent in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) due to external and internal errors. The failure of processes in a protocol stack are caused by errors on various layers. In this work, impact of errors and channel misbehavior on process execution is investigated to provide an error classification mechanism. Considering implementation of WSN protocol stack, inter-process correlations of stacked and peer layer processes are modeled. The proposed model is realized through local and global decision trees for fault diagnosis. A hybrid framework is proposed to implement local decision tree on sensor nodes and global decision tree on diagnostic cluster head. Local decision tree is employed to diagnose critical failures due to errors in stacked processes at node level. Global decision tree, diagnoses critical failures due to errors in peer layer processes at network level. The proposed model has been analyzed using fault tree analysis. The framework implementation has been done in Castalia. Simulation results validate the inter-process correlation model-based fault diagnosis. The hybrid framework distributes processing load on sensor nodes and diagnostic cluster head in a decentralized way, reducing communication overhead.

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