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Intra-industry Trade Exposure, Fragmentation, and Labor Adjustment
( Barbara Dluhosch ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 (구 세종대학교 국제경제연구소) 2006 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.21 No.2
Over the last two decades, labor market prospects of the low skilled in OECDcountries deteriorated sharply. Developments like these have been frequently traced back to low-cost competition from abroad. Yet, the Heckscher-Ohlin hypothesis is hard to reconcile with the fact that OECD-trade is for the most (and growing) part intraindustry trade (IIT). IIT is usually regarded as much less disruptive as it is considered to affect the regional composition of product demand, but not necessarily labor demand. The paper proposes a model of trade-induced technology choice in which, contrary to many beliefs, IIT generates substantial shifts in labor demand and employment. These changes are due to technology implementation being associated with spill-over effects related to business services and production fragmentation within and across firms. The model can account for a number of stylized facts of OECD-labor markets, including the bimodal growth of high and low-skilled services employment, and the recent concentration of demand for skill in management and business-service occupations, and is in line with statistics based on input-output tables suggesting that production methods changed in tandem with exposure to foreign competition.
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Trade and the Redistributive State
Barbara Dluhosch 한국국제경제학회 2009 International Economic Journal Vol.23 No.1
According to popular belief, welfare-state arrangements will become unsustainable in face of low-cost competition from abroad. Yet, in contrast to much of the theoretical work which predicts a race-to-the-bottom, empirical studies do not seem to support the notion that globalization is necessarily the demise of the welfare state. Whereas most of the literature approaches the issue of globalization and the redistributive state from a normative angle, this paper provides a political-economy-explanation. It shows that, with majoritarian redistribution and endogenous labor supply, redistributive tax rates actually tend to be higher in the integrated as opposed to the isolated economy. Depending on factor differentials within the population as well as technology parameters, redistributive budget-to-GNP ratios may nevertheless be lower, even if the redistributive tax rate increases.
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