فاعلية إستراتيجية مقترحة في تنمية مهارات

ي,و,ن,أ,و,ن,ك,ي,و,ن,غ 한국아랍어아랍문학회 2019 아랍어와 아랍문학 Vol.23 No.4

This research aims to study the effectiveness of a proposed strategy for the development of Arabic speaking skills, focusing on Korean learners who are beginning in learning Arabic. By discovering the difficulties faced by Korean learners, and analyzing the mistakes committed by these learners while learning, as well as comparing the Arabic and Korean language systems and identifying similarities and differences between the two languages. Then how to overcome these difficulties using different effective teaching methods. And the research suggests the effective educational strategy based on the entrance to the language interview to develop the skills of speaking Arabic among Korean students at the beginner level, and evaluation of Arabic language textbooks in the light of

دراسة إمارة بني عباد بإشبيلية في الأندلس

لي; جونغ هوا(이종화) 명지대학교 중동문제연구소 2008 중동문제연구 Vol.7 No.-

1031년 안달루스 우마위야 제국의 최후의 칼리프 히샴 3세가 고관대작들과 지방호족들의 의해 제거됨으로써 안달루스 우마위야 왕국은 종말을 고하였다. 중앙집권적 통치였던 칼리프제가 무너짐으로 인해 야기된 정치적 혼란은 지방 호족들에게 독립 국가를 세울 절호의 기회였고 이는 안달루스에 군소왕국 시대를 출현시켰다. 이 가운데 대표적인 왕국으로는 세비야의 반니 압바드 왕국이었다. 세비야에서 부와 영향력을 키웠던 압바드가는 꼬르도바의 우마위야 칼리프제가 붕괴되자 당시 그곳의 까디였던 이스마일 빈 압바드가 1023년 압바드 왕국을 건설한다. 그는 반대자들과 경쟁자들을 제거해 나가며 아랍 귀족들과 국민들의 지지를 이끌어 내어 초기 압바드 왕국의 토대를 굳건히 하였다. 그의 뒤를 이은 알무으타디드는 안달루스 사가들에게 가장 잔인한 압제자로 묘사되는데, 반대자들에 대한 징벌은 냉혹하였다. 그의 이러한 강력한 정책은 내부적 통일을 이루고 외부적 영토 확장을 가능하게 한 원동력이 되었다. 알무으타디드의 뒤를 이어 왕위에 오른 알무으타미드는 안달루스를 통치한 왕 중에서 가장 후덕하면서도 정치적으로 강한 왕으로 안달루스 사가들에 의해 묘사된다. 그의 통치시기의 세비야는 안달루스에서 가장 문화가 번성한 도시였고 가장 넓은 지역을 통치하는 왕국이었다. 하지만 계속된 정복전쟁으로 인해 왕국의 힘은 약화되어 북쪽의 기독교 세력의 팽창을 막아낼 수 없게 되었다. 1085년 알폰소 6세의 기독교 세력이 톨레도를 정복하고 그 여세를 몰아 남쪽의 세비야를 비롯한 군소왕국들을 위협하자 이에 위협을 느낀 알무으타미드 왕은 아프리카의 무라비툰 왕국의 통치자인 유수프에게 구원을 요청한다. 1086년 안달루스 무슬림 군대와 유수프 군대가 연합하여 잘라까Zallāqah 전투에서 기독교 세력에 대해 큰 승리를 거두게 된다. 하지만 이후 계속된 군소왕국들간의 불화는 재차 유수프의 도움을 요청하게 되었고 이것은 결국 안달루스가 무라비툰 군대에 정복당하는 결과를 낳게 된다. 그라나다의 정복을 시작으로 유스프의 군대는 차례차례 군소 왕국들을 정복하여 나갔고 1091년 무라비툰 군대는 강력한 저항을 무너뜨리고 세비야를 정복하였다. 세비야의 통치자 알무으타미드는 유수프의 포로가 되었고 그의 압바드 왕국도 무라비툰 왕국에 통합되고 만다.

طرائقيّة علم الاجتماع الديني المعاصر

خلي;ل أحمد خلي;ل(칼릴 아흐마드 칼릴) 명지대학교 중동문제연구소 2007 중동문제연구 Vol.6 No.-

“알지 못하는 것을 함부로 말하지 말라”는 말은 현대 종교사회학 분야의 연구자가 밟게 되는 첫 번째 발걸음이 될 것이며, 이는 알지 못하면서도 학문을 말하는 필로독스(Philodoxe, المتفيهق )와 학문으로써 학문을 생산하기 위해 방법론을 추구하는 학자(Sarant,العالم)를 구분할 수 있도록 한다. 이데올로기적 편견을 버려야 하는 것은 매우 중요하며 이는 사회학 역사의 처음부터 강조되어 온 것이다. 학문 수련과정에서 이론적.방법론적 지식을 충분히 쌓지 못하고 또한 이데올로기적 치우침을 가진 여러 사람들이 종교현상 연구 분야에 접근하면서 심지어 이슬람학(Islamologie) 과 이슬람 사회학(Sociologie de l’islam)을 구별하지 못하는 경우도 찾아볼 수 있다. 이에 대한 예로 코란 속의‘헤즈볼라’와 레바논의 ‘헤즈볼라’를 들어 설명하였다. 현재 아랍지역 대학교들의 사회과학분야에 대한 지원이 매우 열악한 상황에서“적은 지식은 신으로부터 우리를 멀어지게 한다”는 파스퇴르의 말은 큰 의미를 가질 것이다.

الآراء النحوية لابن مضاء القرطب

م,ح,م,د,م,ص,ط,ف,ى,أ,ح,م,د,ي,و,ن,س,(Younes, Mohamed Moustafa Ahmed) 한국아랍어아랍문학회 2020 아랍어와 아랍문학 Vol.24 No.2

يرى ابن مضاء أنه من الضرورة إلغاء نظرية العامل، وقد ساقه ذلك إلى الاعتراض على تقدير العوامل المحذوفة لأن إجماع النحويين على القول ʪلعوامل ليس بحجة، وكذلك الاعتراض على تقدير متعلقات اĐرورات، وتقدير الضمائر المستترة في المشتقات والأفعال. ترك كل ما ليس له نظير في كلام العرب، وعدم القياس على الأمثلة المصنوعة غير المستعملة في واقع كلام العرب، والتي من هدفها صنع القواعد لا تقويم اللسان وēذيب النطق. ل تحصل لنا المعرفة ʪلنطق بكلام َ إلغاء العلل الثواني والثوالث، لأنه ʪلعلل اْلأُو العرب، فلا فائدة من العلل الثواني والثوالث سوى إدراكنا أن العرب أمة حكيمة. لا حاجة لدارس النحو في البحث في الخلافات، وسرد التشعيبات. The topic aims to present the grammatical views and analysis of Ibn Madaa with regards to the grammarians of Kufa and Basra as well as his response to them, in addition to the justification and defense of his views. Ibn Madaa determined that it was necessary to remove any chapters on grammar that were deemed unbeneficial, therefore eliminating anything that doesn’t benefit pronunciation or speech. Accordingly, he encouraged the simplification of grammar wherever possible and the removal from academic discourse that which doesn’t aid speech. Among such topics include the difference of opinion in the reasons for classifying subjects and objects, in addition to other areas of disagreement. He therefore advocated that there’s no need to pursue research in areas where grammarians disagree with one another, as that which doesn’t benefit speech has no value or place in research.

ةيبرعلا ةغلل تيوصلا ءانبلا في ماغدلإاو في&#

Abd al-Karim Asad Qahtan(ن,ا,ط,ح,ق,د,ع,س,أ, ي,م,ر,ك,ل,ا, د,ب,ع,.د,.أ) 한국아랍어아랍문학회 2017 아랍어와 아랍문학 Vol.21 No.4

Assimilation and Reduplication in the Structure of Arabic Language This paper contains an introduction, which defines both assimilation and reduplication, moreover, it highlights the different opinions of the ancient and contemporary scholars who tackled this phenomenon and their limitations, and then, it highlights the aim of this paper. The aim is to prove that both assimilation and reduplication are two conditions that actually do exist in the structure of Arabic language. When they agree in some of their Syntagmatic conditions, each would have a different nature, function and standard of perception. This paper also contains a preface that explains the relationship between assimilation and reduplication to structure of the Arabic phoneme differentiated mainly by the volume of stress, in addition to highlighting the authenticity of stress and its volume in Arabic language. In the body of this paper, the researcher presents both assimilation and reduplication according to his understanding accompanied by the opinions of both ancient and modern linguists and their limitations. Then, it tackles the function of both assimilation and reduplication in the structure of speech within the requirements of the semantic and linguistic context. This paper arrived at the conclusion that the phonetic and phonological cases tackled by ancient Arab linguists under the category of assimilation, are not actually assimilation, but reduplication to the same sound through its point of articulation with two different methods, in two consecutive points in speech chain, with two different functions, within two different but consecutive syllables and in two different values. It became clear that reduplication is a result of either assimilation, a separate reduplication or according to the origin of its derivational position. In all of these cases, it stipulates that its first syllable must be stressed. Moreover, it has become clear that assimilation leads to reduplication but it is not reduplication itself. When they both stipulate stress, they differ in its concept, function and the standard of perception. Assimilation, as it refers to the linguistic process by which a sound becomes similar to anther adjacent sound, occurs at the process of replacing a certain sound with a similar one adjacent to it in the place of articulation. This takes place before articulation itself as a process, but during articulation, reduplication takes place, which means the repetition of a certain sound in its place of articulation in two different methods and in two consecutive positions in the phonological chain. If we related the sound to its function within the unity of the syllable movement, we would say that: assimilation is the process of overlapping the sound of the most stressed syllable with another sound of a similar place of articulation whether the assimilated sound is present in the first margin of the next syllable in speech or outside speech itself as in dissimilation (Iqlab), while reduplication is the repetition of the sound of the most stressed syllable at the beginning of the margin of the next syllable in speech. Consequently, assimilation can only be recognized mentally, that is… through analogy and comparison while reduplication can be recognized through speaking and listening. The function of assimilation does not exceed facilitating the process of speaking while the function of reduplication varies to include enabling language to add more additional meanings, compensating for assimilation, enabling the root to adapt for the conditions of semantic extension through conjugation and derivation.

الاشتقاق في الصرف العرب

غ,ا,ز,ي,خ,ض,ر,ع,ل,ي,ا,ل,ز,ن,ا,ه,ر,ة,(Alzanahreh, Ghazi) 한국아랍어아랍문학회 2020 아랍어와 아랍문학 Vol.24 No.2

استقر في الدراسات اللغوية في العربية أن أنواع الاشتقاق أربعة؛ الاشتقاق العام والكبير والأكبر والاشتقاق الكُبّار أو النحت، وأن اثنين من هذه الأنواع؛ الكبير والأكبر، غير منتجين، أي أنه ، بتعبير السيوطي، لا يمكن أن يستنبط بهما اشتقاق في لغة العرب، وليسا معتمدين في اللغة. وأن النوعين الآخرين؛ الاشتقاق العام والاشتقاق الكُبَّار أو النحت هما المعتمدان في توليد الألفاظ العربية. لقد حفلت كتب اللغويين والنحويين العرب القدامى منهم والمحدثين بمناقشة قضية أصل الاشتقاق، وقد اعتمد كل من الفريقين على المنهج الكلامي المتأثر بالمنطق العقلي في إثبات صحة رأيه وبطلان رأي الطرف الآخر. وقد ثبت أن البحث في أصل الاشتقاق غير مجد على العربية ولا على البحث اللغوي في العربية. تؤكد الدرا
This research sheds light on the phenomenon of derivation in Arabic morphology and discusses the opinions put forward by grammarians and linguists concerning its origin. The phenomenon has long been a subject of dispute. The research discusses the existing view on the origin and branch and proves that such view is incorrect. According to this research, the linguistic reality supports the claim that neither the verbal noun nor the verb is the origin of the derivatives. The research also displays various types of derivation in Arabic and explains the value each type has in enriching Arabic by providing the vocabulary and linguistic elements required to keep up with the times and adapt accordingly. The research concludes that derivatives originate from linguistic elements and the three consonants. The consonants themselves are meaningless but combining a tense gives them a specific meaning.

The Acquisition of Arabic Language and Teaching it to Korean Learners

د. هادي;ا عادل خزنة كاتبي;(Hadiya Adel Khaznah Katibi) 한국아랍어아랍문학회 2015 아랍어와 아랍문학 Vol.19 No.4

This study deals with some of the important issues pertaining to teaching Arabic language as the challenges and problems faced by teachers and Korean learners as well as the assets of the teacher, which are considered the basic factors in making the didactic process a success since they form the connecting link between the learner and the content. The lingual vocabulary is the lingual foundation, which teachers depend on in bridging the gap with learners of Arabic as a second language. Consequently, the study also sheds light on the utilized curricula in teaching Arabic language by shaping them to meet the aspirations of teachers and learners. Then modern technologies in teaching Arabic as a second language are focused upon along with the strategies that are used by learners in acquiring a second language. Finally, the experiences and the needs that are required in teaching Arabic as a second language whether in Arab communities or other foreign ones that teach Arabic language are tackled as well.

جماليات الوقف في خطاب النقد العربي

ع,ب,د,ا,ل,ك,ر,ي,م,أ,س,ع,د,ق,ح,ط,ا,ن,(Qahtan, Abdulkareem Asaad) 한국아랍어아랍문학회 2020 아랍어와 아랍문학 Vol.24 No.2

وجدنا أنه في مستوى خطاب النقد العربي كانت المعالجات النقدية - في طابعها العام - إمّا قاصرة في ذاتها ،أي أنّها لم تبن على أسس سليمة علمية أو فنيّة وإمّا جزئية، أي محصورة في معالجة وقائع التعارض بمستوى نمط شعري معين أو بمستوى شاعر معين أو بما هو أقلّ من ذلك. مع أنّ بعضها لا يفسّر الواقعة الملاحظة بقدر ما يملي عليها تصوّره النقدي، وهنالك فرق شاسع بين أن نعرض الواقع وأن نعرض طموحنا في ما ينبغي أن يكون عليه الواقع. أمّا في مستوى الخطاب الشعري- وكما وجدنا في الجزء الأول من الدراسة- فإنّ التعارض في الوقف مثل سمة جوهرية من سمات الخطاب الشعري العربي، وهي سمة تطورت مع تطوره على المسار الزمني والفني. This research paper consists of an introduction, a preface, an outline of the modern and old Arabic discourse criticism as well as modern foreign criticism and a conclusion. The introduction presented the aim of the research and the significance of the topic and its importance in the modern critical studies compared with previous studies in the discipline. The preface reviewed the research methodology used in the analysis and inference. In the analysis, the research paper showed that the old Arabic criticism concerned with the external inclusion of poetic line and it was not considered or proved as an aesthetic. The modern Arabic criticism came influenced by modern international criticism. However, this contraction didn’t include contraction that is achieved by verbosity level i.e. the internal structure of poetic line, then it was lost in the justifications that make contradiction deserves that. The aim of the research paper is to present the shortcomings of previous studies.

الشعراء الزنادقة في العصر العباسي: بشار بن &

ص,ل,ا,ح,ا,ل,د,ي,ن,ا,ل,ج,ب,ي,ل,ي,(Elgebily, Salaheldin) 한국아랍어아랍문학회 2020 아랍어와 아랍문학 Vol.24 No.2

هذا البحث دراسة في حركة الزندقة التي قامت خلال العصر العباسي الأول. حاولت أن أتتبع نشأة الحركة وجذورها الفارسية والهندية، ثم انتقالها إلى المنطقة العربية والإسلامية في عهد الخلافة العباسية. وقد تتبعت مصدر الكلمة في اللغة الفارسية والمعاني التي تفرعت إليها في اللغة العربية.كما درست بعض الظروف الحضارية في العراق التي ساعدت على شيوع هذه الأفكار انتقالها بين الجماهير. لقدكان العصر الذي ظهرت في الزندقة بحق عصر انقلاʪت فكرية وعقائدية، وهو العصر الذي نشأت فيه علوم العربية وما يمكن أن نطلق عليه اليوم التراث العربي This research is a study of the heretic movement that took place during the first Abbasid era. I chose to study heresy of Bashar Ibn Burd. I tried to discover the concept of heresy in his poems. Bashar Ibn Burd was a stubborn poet who fought many battles with jurists and politicians, specially his famous battles against Wasil Ibn Ataa and the minister Yaqoub Ibn Daoud. In the third part, I tried to reveal the heresy of Bashar Ibn Burd by tracing the opinions of critics and guiding them to the heresy of Bashar. In the fourth part of the research, I tried to explore the reasons for the assassination of Bashar Ibn Burd, the research attempted to know whether this assassination took place for ideological or political reasons. Bashar tried to obtain a monetary award from the prizes -which granted by the caliph to the poets - from the Minister Jacob Ibn Daoud, but the Minister Jacob Ibn Daoud insisted that Bashar be deprived of the prizes of the caliph, so Bashar was angry, and he created a poem that satirized Minister Jacob Bin Dawood, and wrote another poem satirizing Caliph al-Mahdi. This poem was passed on to the caliph, who then ordered his death.

أثر القرآن الكريم في الشعر الاندلسي

عدنان كري;م رجب(아드난 카림 라잡) 명지대학교 중동문제연구소 2008 중동문제연구 Vol.7 No.-

안달루스 또한 이슬람문화의 영향 하에서 시를 비롯한 문학이 발달하였다. 이 논문에서는 안달루스의 시에 미친 코란의 지대한 영향과 중요성을 살펴보고자 한다. 이 논문은 다섯 개의 소주제로 나뉜다. 첫째, 시인의 문화적인 측면에 미친 코란의 영향, 둘째, 시에 사용된 코란 인용의 흔적, 셋째, 시에 사용된 코란의 어휘, 넷째, 안달루스 시에서 발견되는 코란의 율격, 다섯째, 코란 속의 이야기가 안달루스 시에 미친 영향이 그것이다.